RU2392860C1 - Method of professional reliability evaluation for specialists in critical activity areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and medical equipment, particularly to job placement and evaluation of professional reliability of specialists. Method involves psychophysiological data registration and analysis for evaluated specialist. Psychophysiological data registration and cardiovascular system response assessment are performed on the basis of analysis of cardiointerval series obtained from photoplethysmogram parametres of evaluation object. Collected data on heart rate variability is stored as digital files transmitted to PC to which expert evaluations of activity efficiency are filled in. Professional reliability of a specialist is determined by calculating its value by the method of canonical correlation relationships between activity efficiency and organism effort expenditure called activity cost. Method implementation utilises device for collection, processing and accumulation of data on functional response of human cardiovascular system to labour load. Device includes photoplethysmogram sensor unit in the form of infrared optic LED and photodiode couple with its output connected to noise filter input of measurement unit of photoplethysmogram sensor, including also a series of signal amplifier and analog-to-digital converted connected to digital filter input in processing unit for signals from photoplethysmogram sensor unit which also includes decoder, comparison unit, cardiointerval variometre and cardiovascular system state analyser connected in series with the sensor unit. Additionally the device features control unit including processor connected by bidirectional multibit bus to RAM unit connected over multibit connector to output of cardiovascular system state analyser. Digital-to-analog converter is connected to second multibit output of processor, and converter output is connected over executive element to input of photoplethysmogram unit LED. Multibit output of visualisation unit is connected to second multibit input of processor, while first multibit output of the processor is connected to multibit PC connector. Independent power unit is connected to processor input, RAM unit, digital-to-analog converter, executive element and visualisation unit input and to photoplethysmogram sensor unit LED and elements included in measurement unit of photoplethysmogram sensor and in processing unit for photoplethysmogram sensor unit signals.

EFFECT: improved accuracy of detecting specialists unfit for operation in extreme conditions.

7 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The patented invention relates to methods for selecting personnel and determining the professional reliability of specialists with an extreme profile of activity and will find effective application in medicine, psychology and occupational health, psychophysiology, sociology, profession, acmeology, etc. Occupations of an extreme profile of activity, in particular, include:

- maintenance and operation of nuclear energy systems, production of hydrocarbon processing, chemical industry enterprises;

- localization of emergencies associated with natural disasters and disruptions in the normal functioning of people;

- the combat service of control systems and the operation of modern weapons, containing primarily nuclear and chemical components in all types of armed forces;

- maintenance of high-tech vehicles in the field of space exploration, aviation, at sea;

- individual sports and tourism.

Known traditional methods for assessing the professional suitability of personnel in the selection of personnel, described in the book of the authors T. Bazarova, E. Eremina. "Personnel Management". M .: UNITY, 2001

In particular, the book describes a method for assessing professional suitability (pp. 227-231), which includes consecutive preliminary screening interviews, filling out an application form, conducting an interview (hiring), testing, checking recommendations and a track record, medical examination ( in the presence of special requirements for the health of the candidate, depending on the characteristics of the work) and the adoption of a decision on admission or denial of employment.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is intended for selection for work that is not related to hazardous production or emergency situations and does not require special responsibility.

There is also a method for assessing the suitability of personnel in the selection of personnel, described in the above book (p. 328, 329), which is methodologically based on the simultaneous use of three theoretical approaches to the study of human manifestations, namely psychometry, which divides human behavior into a series of more or less independent categories and provides measurement methods that allow you to compare people with each other; socio-psychological and anthropological principles of the description of behavior that allow you to record specific facts, highlight typical ways of behavior in specific conditions, teach non-specialists in the field of behavioral psychology categorized, structured observation of organizational behavior of people; clinical observation, which makes it possible to compare individual manifestations at the moment with what clinicians consider optimal for this person. It includes modeling the key points of activity, developing a system of assessment criteria in accordance with the specifics of the activity, testing it with various complementary techniques and exercises, not only by experts, but also specially trained observers, and moreover, a cross-section is conducted (each participant is evaluated by several observers and each observer has several participants ) assessment of real behavior with the identification and description of qualitative characteristics, individual characteristics new style of activity being evaluated.

A disadvantage of the known evaluation method is the fact that, first of all, the “technical capabilities” of a person to perform this work are evaluated and their neuropsychological features are not taken into account.

In addition, this book provides (pp. 363-337) a method for assessing the professional suitability of personnel in the selection of personnel, which includes modeling the most typical business situations through special exercises, obtaining information about professional goals and values, organizational abilities, communicative and personal qualities from the most evaluated through interviews, psychological testing in order to obtain information about the qualities that influence the behavior of a person in an organization, and his professional sti, holding organizational and managerial games and drawing up a conclusion.

The disadvantage of this method is that it also focuses mainly on the definition of business qualities, while recently there have been more frequent cases of nervous breakdowns when people perform their duties in extreme or difficult circumstances.

A known method for determining the professional suitability of personnel in the selection of personnel (RF patent No. 2089101 "Method for determining professional suitability and psychological training of employees of the internal affairs bodies", IPC: А61В 5/16).

The known method includes evaluating the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, attention and speed of reaction before and after psychophysical stresses, during the presentation of which they carry out a sudden exposure to psychogenic and interference factors, additionally determine the skin resistance, the correct decision, memory, the ability to logical thinking, the time spent on the implementation of individual stages and the entire task, the obtained indicators are evaluated in points and the amount determines the professional suitability nost and psychological training. In this process, they are affected by visual, sound, tactile and odor stimuli, as well as an additional black-yellow visual stimulus.

The disadvantage of this method is the fact that it is used to evaluate mainly the ability of a healthy person to exercise and make decisions in a difficult situation, but possible “malfunctions” in the state of his central nervous system, which can lead to serious consequences, are not taken into account .

There is also a method of assessing the professional suitability of personnel for various activities (RF patent No. 2245097, IPC: AB 5/16), the closest in technical essence to the patented invention and selected as a prototype.

The known method according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2245097 includes conducting a physiological examination with registration of electroencephalograms, psychological testing to determine professionally important qualities of the staff and deciding on professional suitability according to the results of the examination and testing. A feature of the known method is that physiological examination with the registration of electroencephalograms is supplemented by the method of cognitive evoked potentials and is performed as neuropsychological to detect gross and latent organic brain lesions that cause pathology of the central nervous system. In addition, psycho-physiological examinations of personnel are additionally carried out, which include:

- an assessment of the visual analyzer, an assessment of the hand-motor reaction and, based on it, an assessment of choice, an assessment of discrimination, an assessment of noise immunity,

- as well as an assessment of muscle endurance, an assessment of coordination of movements, an assessment of the response to a moving object, and an integrated assessment of the properties of attention and the ability to perceive significant information, an assessment of the speed capabilities of a motor analyzer, and an assessment of the nature of the reaction of the cardiovascular system to a given psychoemotional load.

The examination is carried out sequentially as a primary control when applying for a job, as periodic monitoring and maintenance of the learning process and emergency training.

Psychological testing is carried out in many aspects, for which they use a set of methods and tests that have reliability, as well as predictive and substantive validity and include intellectual and projective tests, as well as standardized self-reports, when deciding on professional suitability according to the results of the examination and testing, they identify the “risk group” from operational staff.

Significant disadvantages of the known prototype method are:

- a large amount of psychophysiological examinations of specialists using special medical equipment, in particular, the method involves conducting a physiological examination with registration of electroencephalograms, using the method of cognitive evoked potentials to detect gross and hidden organic lesions of the brain, evaluating the visual analyzer, evaluating the visual-motor reaction and using it assessment of choice, assessment of discrimination, assessment of noise immunity, as well as assessment of muscle take-off rainfall, an assessment of the coordination of movements, an assessment of the reaction to a moving object and an integral assessment of the properties of attention and the ability to perceive significant information, an assessment of the speed capabilities of a motor analyzer, etc.

Such maximalism of psychophysiological studies naturally requires the placement of the examined specialist in a special medical institution, which negatively affects the objectivity of the final assessment of the professional suitability of the specialist and introduces significant errors in the final conclusions of the examination, since all the numerous stages of the examination are carried out in a specific environment that is far from the real situation of professional activity specialist, and his reactions to certain tests and tasks are not adequate to the practical realities of the specialist;

- to implement the known method requires complex, expensive and multifunctional medical equipment, which significantly limits the scope of the real use of the patented method.

As for the hardware implementation of the patented invention in terms of choosing the closest in technical essence devices (prototype) for implementing the patented method for determining professional suitability, a device is known for determining the psychophysiological state of a person (RF patent No. 2214166, АВВ 5/16).

The device described in RF patent No. 2214166 contains a series of interconnected sensors of electric skin resistance (EX) and photoplethysmograms (PPG), a two-channel measuring unit, a two-channel signal processing unit, a psychophysiological state analyzer (PPS) of a person, and a selection of a combination of test stimuli affecting the human operator. The measuring unit contains a noise canceling filter, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter in each channel. The signal processing block is made according to the number of channels on digital filters, differentiators and comparators, as well as blocks for determining the psychoemotional state of a person, accumulation and determination of parameters of R-R intervals, and an analyzer of the state of the cardiovascular system. The device provides an increase in the efficiency and reliability of diagnostic results, as well as an increase in the information content of determining the psychophysiological state of a person and ensuring the reliability of professional activity and maintaining the health of various categories of the population by expanding functional capabilities.

A significant disadvantage of the known device is its increased overall dimensions, as well as the need for constant connection to a personal computer, which makes it possible to use it only in stationary conditions. Using a known device distracts and fetters a specialist, which leads to significant measurement errors and inadequate conclusions regarding his professional suitability.

The present invention solves the problem:

- improving the accuracy of assessing the real level of professional readiness of a specialist with an extreme profile of activity and eliminating (reducing) subjective indicators and characteristics when assessing the level of professional reliability of a specialist;

- obtaining objective calculated indicators of the level of professional reliability of a specialist;

- improving the accuracy of identifying specialists unsuitable for work in extreme situations;

- increase the reliability and objectivity of the performance indicators of the specialist’s labor and the magnitude of his psychophysiological costs in the labor process;

- reducing the volume of psychophysiological examinations of a specialist and simplifying technical means to implement a method for assessing the professional suitability of a specialist;

- simplification of the circuitry implementation of the device for implementing the patented method, achieving compactness, autonomy of its work, high reliability and informativeness of information retrieval on the psychophysiological state of the studied specialist.

The solution to this problem is achieved as follows.

According to the patented invention, the assessment of the professional reliability of a specialist of an extreme profile of activity (EPR) is carried out on the basis of an analysis of a series of cardio intervals obtained as a result of studying the parameters of its photoplethysmogram (PPG). On the outer surface of the upper third of the shoulder of the specialist’s left or right hand, the PPG sensor block is fixed, while the processor of the control unit is pre-programmed to form a certain series of cardio intervals. Then carry out registration, measurement and processing of signals of the block of the PPG sensor. The accumulated information about the state of the cardiovascular system (CCC) is stored until the end of the shift in the form of digital files containing the calculated heart rate variability (HRV) parameters.

To calculate the reliability of the EPRS, the invention provides for the transfer of accumulated information in the form of parameters characterizing the functional response of a human CCC to a workload to a personal computer. In the calculation process:

- evaluate the achieved result of the activity;

- assess the psychophysiological state of a specialist by assessing heart rate variability;

- carry out verification measures to determine the reliability of the EPRS by presenting it with special intellectual, psychomotor, etc. computer test tasks with the simultaneous registration of HRV;

- introduce expert evaluations of labor productivity;

- conduct an assessment of heart rate variability and reliability in different periods of the specialist.

To implement the patented method, a compact and convenient device for research has been developed.

The device comprises a photoplethysmogram (FPG) sensor unit in the form of an infrared optical pair based on an LED and a photodiode, a measuring unit of the PPG sensor signals and a signal processing unit from the PPG sensor unit. According to the patented invention, the device is equipped with a control unit that contains a processor, random access memory, digital-to-analog converter, an actuating element, for example, based on a relay and an autonomous power supply unit, which enables the device to operate autonomously, and two multi-bit connectors for connecting the patented device to a personal computer and the processing unit of the signal of the PPG sensor.

The invention provides that the control unit comprises a keyboard and a visualization unit in the form of a liquid crystal display to enable the processor to be programmed, to control the operation of the FPG sensor unit and to make, if necessary, program corrections to the device without using a stationary personal computer.

The technical result of the patented integrated technical solution is that the developed invention allows:

- to ensure high accuracy in determining the professional reliability of specialists with an extreme profile of activity due to a fundamentally new and technologically advanced way of monitoring indicators of the psychophysiological state and psychophysiological costs of EPDM and the results of its labor activity, converting these indicators into specific calculation data that allow obtaining objective parameters and characteristics of the specialist's professional reliability taking into account the scope of his practical activities;

- significantly reduce the volume of various psychophysiological examinations and the complexity of the medical equipment used, which allows conducting examinations practically at the specialist’s workplace and obtaining the most adequate and accurate results of his professional reliability;

- to put into practice the optimal physiological methods for studying the parameters of the psychophysiological state (in particular, the heart rhythm) and the psychophysiological costs of EPDM, which allow you to obtain accurate and objective indicators of the specialist’s body, not only at the beginning of work, in the process of work, after its completion, but also in periods of its greatest tension, which in the end allows you to objectively examine and evaluate the "margin of safety" of a particular specialist in the specific conditions of his professional activity;

- to ensure that in the process of monitoring accurate complex information of psychophysiological costs and the state of a specialist is obtained, as well as objectively evaluate the effectiveness of professional work. This allows you to drastically reduce the "subjective component" in the final assessment of the professional reliability of a specialist, significantly increase the objective independence of the final results and conclusions regarding the level of professional reliability of a specialist from errors caused by the "human factor" and the specific location of the survey;

- to develop a device that is compact in circuit design, autonomy of work and ensuring high information content of the received medical and technical information for research of specialists with an extreme profile of activity.

The invention is illustrated by the description of the patented method for determining the reliability of the EPDM using the developed device and graphic materials on which are presented:

figure 1 is a block diagram of a device for implementing the patented method;

figure 2 - an enlarged block diagram of the algorithm of the control unit.

The patented method is implemented using a hardware-software complex, which is a compact wearable unit - a psychophysiological state recorder (based on recording a series of cardio intervals) and software that allows you to:

- assessment of heart rate variability according to the method of Baevsky P.M. in accordance with the standard of the Working Group of the European Cardiology Society and the North American Society for Stimulation and Electrophysiology;

- calculation of the professional reliability of the EPRS according to the method for identifying the canonical correlation between work performance and the cost of the organism obtained from the assessment of HRV in the process of work;

- carrying out verification measures to determine the reliability of the EPRS by presenting him with special (according to the profile of work - intellectual, psychomotor, etc.) computer test tasks with the simultaneous registration of HRV and making a decision on the forecast of its reliability;

- input of expert evaluations of labor productivity;

- the conclusion of the assessment of heart rate variability and reliability in different periods of a specialist to make an operational decision.

The device for determining the professional reliability of the EPDM contains (Fig. 1) interconnected and installed in the pockets of a special cuff (not shown), fastened with a Velcro tape (Velcro) on the outer surface of the upper third of the left or right shoulder (for right-handed and left-handed people, accordingly) hands, a photoplethysmogram sensor unit 1, a measuring unit 2 of signals from an FPG sensor unit, a signal processing unit from an FPG sensor unit 3, and a control unit 4.

The sensor unit photoplethysmogram (PPG) 1 is made in the form of an optoelectronic pair of the infrared range and contains a LED 5 (SD) of the infrared radiation range and a photodiode 6 (PD).

The FPG sensor unit 1 senses the reflected light flux proportional to the blood supply to the human peripheral vessels and converts it into a pulsating electric current proportional to the heart pulsation. The electrical signal from photodiode 6 is a secondary electrocardiogram of the heart. The connection of the processor 15 of the control unit 4 (through the relay 22 and the digital-to-analog converter 21) to the FPG sensor unit 1 allows you to adjust the FPG sensor unit 1 to take into account the individual characteristics of the skin of the specialist under study, to exclude low-amplitude cardio pulses from processing, as well as other interfering signals, arising due to the movement of the sensitive element of the sensor block FPG 1 during physical activity of the employee.

The measuring unit 2 of the signals from the FPG sensor unit includes a noise-canceling filter 7 connected in series, the input of which is connected to the output of the photodiode 6, a signal amplifier 8 and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 9.

An analog-to-digital converter 9 is necessary for converting the electrical signals of the photodiode 6 into digital. The ADC 9 must have at least 8 bits and a speed of about 1 ms. In the patented device, for example, Analog Devices AD7810YN standard in ADC circuitry can be used (Chip Dip catalog).

The signal processing unit from the FPG sensor unit 3 contains a digital filter 10 connected in series, the input of which is connected to the output of the ADC 9, a differentiator 11, a comparator 12, a cardio interval variometer 13 and a cardiovascular system analyzer 14.

The comparator 12 provides a comparison of the amplitude of the PPG signal with the reference value Uonop. The output of the comparator 12 of the PPG channel is connected to the variometer of the cardiointerval 13, accumulating an array of their values and determining their variability (degree of variability). The output of the variometer 13 is connected to the analyzer of the state of the cardiovascular system (CCC) 14, which determines the voltage level of the regulatory mechanisms of the CCC.

Using the analyzer of the state of the cardiovascular system 14, an assessment is made of the voltage level of the regulatory mechanisms of human CVS based on the calculation of heart rate variability parameters, including:

- determination of the statistical characteristics of the dynamic range of cardio intervals: mathematical expectation / M /, variance / D /, standard deviation / standard deviation /, coefficient of variation / V /;

- assessment of variational pulsometry in the form of a histogram with the designation Mo (modes), AMo (amplitude of the mode), VAP (variational range);

- calculation of correlation rhythmography by the method of graphical representation of a dynamic series of cardio intervals in the form of a scatterogram;

- calculation and construction of the autocorrelation function of the dynamic series of cardio intervals;

- assessment of the results of spectral analysis, with the help of which the interaction of individual levels of heart rhythm control is evaluated.

The analyzer of the state of the cardiovascular system 14 for solving the above problems can be performed on an Intel Pentium II 450 MHz processor, which can be implemented, for example, on a SL2WB or SL2U7 chip.

The control unit 4 provides program control of the operation of the device and contains:

- processor 15, providing the process of controlling the removal and analysis of FIGs;

- a random access memory block 17, the multi-bit input of which, through the multi-bit connector 16 is connected to the multi-bit output of the state analyzer of the cardiovascular system 14, is connected by a bi-directional multi-bit bus to the processor 15;

- a keyboard 18, the first multi-bit output of which is connected to the first multi-bit input of the processor 15;

- an autonomous power supply 19, which ensures the operability of energy-consuming elements of the device and is connected respectively to the input of the processor 15, the RAM block 17, the keyboard 18, as well as to the circuit elements 5, 7-14 of the device;

- multi-bit connector 20 for connecting a patented device to a personal computer (PC);

- a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 21, the multi-bit input of which is connected to the second multi-bit output of the processor 15, and the output through an actuating element, for example, a relay 22, to the input of the LED 5, thereby providing the possibility of programmed control of LED 5 (turning on and off, adjusting the brightness of the glow ) DAC 21 provides the conversion of digital signals to analog and can be implemented, for example, in the form of a chip Analog Devices AD7224KN (catalog Chip Dip);

- a visualization unit 23 in the form of a liquid crystal display, the multi-bit output of which is connected to the second multi-bit input of the processor 15, the multi-bit input is connected to the second multi-bit input of the keyboard 18.

The visualization unit 23 in the form of a liquid crystal display and a keyboard 18 are designed to provide the ability to program the processor 15, monitor the operation of the FPG sensor unit 1, and, if necessary, make software corrections to the operation of the device without using a stationary personal computer.

The keyboard 18 and the visualization unit 23 can be implemented in one PDA touchscreen unit, for example, the brand HP iPAQ hx4700.

The control unit 4, depending on the functional tasks, may have a different final circuitry implementation.

In the simplest circuit design, the control unit 4 contains a processor 15, a multi-bit socket 16, a random access memory block 17, and a standalone power supply 19. For example, an ATMEGA8535 microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other devices similar in function to a programmable logic integrated circuit can be used as processor 15 (FPGA). In this schematic version of the control unit 4, the programming of the processor 15 is carried out directly from the keyboard of a personal computer connected via a multi-bit connector 20.

A circuitry implementation of the control unit 4 with a personal keyboard 18 is possible, which allows the processor 15 to be directly programmed both before beginning the study of the state of the electronic control system and during research and making any changes to the nature of the operation of the FIG block 1.

The RAM block 17 provides storage of relatively large amounts of information. As the RAM 17 is used, for example, the chip AM29F010.

The multi-bit connector 16, 20 (USB port) is designed to connect various external devices and can be implemented, for example, based on the VN 1.27-40 connector (ChipDip catalog). Another circuit implementation of a multi-bit connector is possible. In particular, the multi-bit connector 20 is used to connect, for example, a personal computer of the workplace of the psychophysiologist (CPRMP). For these purposes, for example, an RJ 45 connector can be used.

Autonomous power supply 19 provides electrical power to the units and elements of the device and can be implemented, for example, in the form of a power supply brand Mean Well AP 6121.

Block 21, which performs the function of digital-to-analog conversion of control signals for the operation of LED 5 from processor 15, can be implemented on the ATMEGA8 scheme (AMTEL catalog).

The control unit 4 (in particular) can be implemented on the basis of a personal digital assistant (PDA), for example, HP JPAQ hx4700 brand (operating system - Microsoft Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Intel PXA270 processor, 624 MHz, RAM 64 mb, ROM 128 mb) .

The keyboard 18 and the visualization unit 23 (LCD display) can be implemented as constructive devices PDAs.

It should be noted that specialists working in the field of medical electronic equipment have relevant knowledge about the availability of diverse components for the final implementation of the patented device in addition to those elements that are listed as possible implementations.

Specific technical implementation and identification of all possible source components and components for the manufacture of a patentable device is not difficult for specialists, since it follows from the prior art on the basis of practical data and includes well-known standard components and components recorded in various scientific and technical publications and reference books, due to which a more detailed disclosure of these source components and components is impractical.

The manufacture of the entire device does not require the use of special technologies and can be implemented according to the standard scheme for the manufacture of electronic equipment. All components are mass-produced and available for free purchase.

Determination of the reliability of the EPDM using the developed device is carried out as follows.

Before fixing the patented device on the outer surface of the upper third of the shoulder of the left or right hand, the processor 15 of the control unit 4 is programmed. As a result, the processor 15 forms, according to the established program, 15 sampling sessions of 100 cardio intervals (1,500 cardio total intervals) for four hours of working time . An enlarged block diagram of the algorithm of the processor 15 is shown in figure 2. At the same time, the applicant has developed appropriate full and detailed software to implement the patented method and calculate the professional reliability of the EPRS.

The processor 15 of the developed device allows the initial configuration to implement the following options for the device:

a) with a known schedule of labor operations and the predicted time of onset of critical or complex actions:

- recording of initial, background parameters of CVS before starting work in a calm environment (one sample of 100 cardio intervals);

- periodic recording of FIGs before the onset of a critical phase of work (with an interval of 15 to 5 minutes);

- regular recording of PPG during a critical stage with an interval of five minutes (the recording time of one sample of 100 cardio intervals is 90 seconds);

- PPG recording after completion of complex actions, the frequency is determined by the volume of the device (15 samples - previously used),

b) at an unpredictable rhythm of operation, the FPG recording is planned to be uniformly for four hours, that is, 15 samples after 15 minutes of operation.

After programming the processor 15 of the control unit 4, the developed device is fixed on the subject under examination.

An infrared optoelectronic pair consisting of a LED 5 (LED) for illumination of blood vessels and a photodiode 6 (PD) perceive the reflected light flux proportional to the blood supply to the human peripheral vessels and convert it into a pulsating electric current proportional to the pulsation of the heart. The electrical signal from PD 6, which is a secondary electrocardiogram of the heart, is fed to the input of the measuring unit of the PPG 2 signals. A noise reduction filter 7 for extracting a useful signal of cardio pulses that exceed a certain threshold level is set when calibrating and tuning the device to exclude low-amplitude cardio pulses from processing, and also other interfering signals arising from the physical activity of the EPRS. After passing through the noise-canceling filter 7, the signals are amplified by an amplifier 8 to a value that ensures the normal operation of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 9. An analog-to-digital converter 9 of the measuring unit 2 converts the signal of cardiac pulses into digital form.

From the output of the measuring unit 2, digital cardiac rhythm codes are fed to the input of the signal processing unit from the FPG sensor unit 3 to a digital filter 10. After digital filtering in unit 10 (downsampling and selective filtering), the converted signal is through a differentiator 11 of the signal processing unit 3, in which the leading edges of the cardio pulses that characterize the temporal parameters of the measured signals are distinguished, enters through the comparator 12 to the input of the variometer 13, which determines the degree of variability of the cardio intervals and aplivaet statistical parameters of the sampling intervals of the array. The obtained data are fed to the analyzer of the state of the CCC of the subject 14, which determines the psychophysiological state of a person in the process of performing the necessary labor actions.

The obtained information about the condition of the CCC specialist from the multi-bit output of the FPG 3 signal processing unit is supplied through the multi-bit connector 16 to the multi-bit input of the random access memory block 17 of the control unit 4.

The accumulated information about the state of the CCC is stored in the RAM block 17 until the end of the shift in the form of digital files containing the calculated heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. A maximum of 15 files can be created with 25 parameters each, that is (15 × 25 = 375). In the patented device, four hours of working time (shift, shift) are taken for the size of the work shift.

The combined information collected, processed and accumulated in this way in the form of parameters characterizing the functional response of a person's CCC to a workload, after work is completed from the multi-bit output of the control unit 4, is transmitted via a multi-bit connector 20 to the personal computer of the psychophysiologist’s workstation (PCRMP) to calculate the reliability of the EPDM.

The calculation of the reliability of the EPDM based on the information obtained is carried out in the personal computer of the workplace of the psychophysiologist as follows.

Evaluate the achieved result of the activity: in general, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. The degree of gradation and quantitative criteria may vary depending on the nature of the activity, but they are normalized in the range of values from 0 to 1 according to the results of an expert survey conducted earlier in studying the reliability requirements for a specialist at a particular place of work (during a professiographic study).

The psychophysiological state of a specialist is evaluated (in the form of a set of HRV parameters, maximum - 375) at the time of solving a specific (estimated) work.

Each sample is processed according to the Baevsky method P.M. (statistical analysis of the dynamic range of cardio intervals, variational pulsometry, correlation rhythmography, autocorrelation and spectral analyzes).

The technical problem, which is implemented by the patented device, is to monitor changes in the psychophysiological state of an employee in extreme working conditions and respond to quick, rapid changes in the work of the CVS, caused, as a rule, by stressful effects on the central nervous system.

Based on the fact that the SEED has undergone a preliminary medical examination, professional psychological selection measures, received special professional training and is recognized as suitable for solving specialty problems, we used precisely those HRV indicators that most characterize the tension of regulatory systems to assess its reliability.

In the patented device, the following 10 HRV indicators for each sample are selected as such parameters, that is, a total of 15 × 10 = 150 values.

1. The average value of cardio intervals is the reciprocal of the heart rate (mathematical expectation M), which characterizes the current level of functioning of the CVS and depends both on the conditions acting on the body at the moment and on the individual characteristics of the body.

2. Mo mode of cardio intervals is the most common value of the cardio interval, which characterizes the most probable level of functioning of CVS.

3. The amplitude of the AMO mode is the number of cardio intervals corresponding to the mode, as a percentage of the sample size, reflects the stabilizing effect of centralization of heart rhythm control and is mainly determined by the degree of activation of the autonomous regulation loop.

4. The standard deviation of the standard deviation is an extremely sensitive indicator of the state of the mechanisms of regulation of the heart. Changes in the standard deviation can be associated with both autonomous and central contours of regulation. As a rule, an increase in the standard deviation indicates a strengthening of autonomous regulation, a sharp decrease in standard deviation is associated with a significant tension in regulatory systems when higher levels are included in the control process, which leads to an almost complete suppression of the activity of the autonomous center.

5. The coefficient of variation V is one of the main indicators of heart rate variability; it indicates the total effect of the sympathetic or parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system on the sinus node. In this case, it is used as a normalized indicator of the magnitude of the variance, which allows it to be used to compare people with different values of heart rate.

6. The variational range of VAR is the difference between the maximum and minimum cardio intervals, it reflects the degree of variability of the values of cardio intervals and is associated with the activity of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. High variability indicates a relatively weak centralization of heart rhythm control, the predominance of an autonomous regulation loop, however, in certain working conditions, VAR depends to a large extent on the state of the subcortical nerve centers.

7. Asymmetry coefficient As - allows you to judge the degree of stationarity of the studied dynamic range of cardio intervals, the presence and severity of transients, including trends.

8. Excess Ex - shows the rate of change of non-stationary random components of the dynamic series of cardio intervals and characterizes mainly local non-stationary than the presence of trends.

9. The IN index of stress is a derived indicator calculated by the ratio IN = AMo / 2 × Mo × BAP; it characterizes the activity of cardiac rhythm regulation mechanisms and the state of the central circuit. The indicator is very sensitive to increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system, small loads (physical or mental) cause an increase in ID 1.5-2 times, with significant loads it grows 5-10 times.

10. The vegetative indicator of the rhythm of VP is a derived parameter calculated by the ratio of VP = 1 / Mo × VAP; it characterizes the balance of the regulatory system between the sympathetic and parasympathetic departments. The higher the activity of the autonomous regulation loop (the lower the VP value), the more prevailing is the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system.

Thus, two sets of indicators are formed that comprehensively characterize the activities of a specialist.

We introduce {Y _i }, i = 1, 2, ... n, is the set of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the activity, and {X _j }, j = 1, 2, ... m, is the set of heart rate parameters recorded during the activity. Denote the “worst” and “best” state of the body and the achieved results as {X _j- }, {X _{j +} } and {Y _i- }, {Y _{i +} }, respectively. Using the method of canonical correlation analysis, the canonical correlation coefficients “ρ _k ” are calculated, which evaluate the strength of the connection between {Y _i } and {X _j }.

Each significant "ρ _k " corresponds to a pair of canonical variables:

The significance of “ρ _k ” is estimated by the Bartlett test.

Substituting in (1) the values of the performance indicators and the psychophysiological state of the “best” and “worst” values, we obtain the corresponding alternatives for each pair: {Y _{k +} , X _{k +} ) and (Y _k- , X _k- ).

In the n-dimensional space of productivity and the m-dimensional space of psychophysiological indicators, these pairs of canonical variables play the role of centroids. Applying the Mahalanobis method, we evaluate how much each case of evaluating the result of work and the state of the body deviates from the centers of the statistical population (for a given individual).

- расстояние текущей результативности до «наилучшего» состояния, M_tk- - расстояние текущего состояния до «наихудшего» показателя результативности, получаем интегральные оценки результативности и психофизиологической цены в момент времени «t»:Thus, denoting by:

is the distance of the current performance to the “best” state, M _tk- is the distance of the current state to the “worst” indicator of performance, we obtain integral estimates of performance and the psychophysiological price at time t:

e is the number of significant (according to Bartlett) canonical correlation coefficients "ρ _k ".

Integral estimates of R _t and C _t vary in the range - 0-1.

Extreme cases:

соответствует максимальной результативности R_t=1 и минимальной цене C_t=0.1. Coincidence of the current (at time t) state of the body with the “best” alternative state

corresponds to the maximum performance R _t = 1 and the minimum price C _t = 0.

2. Coincidence of the current state with the “worst” alternative

(M _tk- -M _tk = 0) corresponds to zero productivity R _t = 0 and the limit of the body's capabilities C _t = 1.

The current, actually instantaneous reliability of a specialist at a controlled time is calculated by the formula:

H _t = K ₁ R _t K ₂ (1-C _t ).

The coefficients K ₁ and K ₂ in a particular work are determined by experts on the basis of the requirements for this type of activity. In the general case (including during test tests) they are determined by the method of step-by-step discriminant analysis of performance and price according to the F - Fisher criterion.

Thus, for a working shift (4 hours), it is possible to monitor the condition of a specialist at least 15 times, determine the level of his reliable functioning, observe the dynamics of changes in working capacity, without creating interference and inconvenience in performing functional duties.

Based on the results, which are themselves very informative and are used in the diagnosis of the psychophysiological state of an employee, an integral criterion is calculated - an indicator of the activity of regulatory systems (PARS), which characterizes the state of regulatory systems due to adaptive (adaptive) reactions of the body. On its basis, the degree of voltage of regulatory systems is evaluated - the voltage index (IN). This parameter plays a crucial role in characterizing the severity of stress and significantly depends on the functional reserves of the body.

A database is created to record in real, current time the taken rows of cardio-intervals (15 samples of 100 cardio-intervals), to accumulate and store all calculated HRV parameters.

The following indicators are saved: average heart rate, average value of cardio intervals, minimum and maximum cardio intervals, variational range, variance, mean square deviation, coefficient of variation, mode, mode amplitude, asymmetry, excess, vegetative equilibrium index, vegetative rhythm index, process activity indicator regulation, functional state index, stress index, psychophysiological price, cardiocycle parameters (A0, T, T0), scatterogram parameters (alpha, a, alpha / beta, dN-N), total 25 parameters which may be used by a cardiologist for the assessment of SSA worker, some of these parameters are used as input data for calculating reliability.

In addition, on the personal computer of a psychophysiologist examining a specialist, test programs for conducting pre-shift tests of EDS according to various activity test methods (blocks: “Psychomotorics”, “Neurodynamics”, “Attention”, “Memory”, “Anticipation”, “Perception” are installed ”,“ Thinking ”,“ Activity Styles ”,“ Tapping ”,“ Tremor ”,“ Coordination ”).

During the test control, HRV is recorded and analyzed with automatic input of heart rate parameters and the achieved test results to calculate and predict the reliability of a specialist.

In accordance with the procedure for calculating the reliability of a specialist with an extreme profile of activity, the criterion for determining the professional reliability of a specialist is the result of the specialist fulfilling a labor task and special professional actions with a minimum psychophysiological price for their implementation.

A sign of professional reliability is the value of calculating the instant reliability of a specialist at a controlled point in time, produced by the formula H _t = K ₁ R _t K ₂ (1-C _t ), where R _t is the effectiveness, C _t is the psychophysiological price, K ₁ K ₂ - coefficients, which are determined on the basis of the requirements for a particular type of activity by the method of step-by-step discriminant analysis of performance and price according to the F - Fisher criterion.

A sign of reliability of a specialist is a positive value of the indicator H _t - more than zero.

A sign of unreliability of the specialist is the zero and negative values of the indicator H _t .

The tests conducted by the Applicant of the patented method for determining the professional reliability of the EPRS and the device for its implementation confirmed:

- high individual accuracy and objectivity of the results of real-time calculation of professional reliability of specialists with an extreme profile of activity obtained in real time;

- as well as compactness, high reliability and operational convenience of the developed device for monitoring specialists.

Claims (7)

1. A method for determining the professional reliability of a specialist, including registration and analysis of the psychophysiological data of the researched specialist, assessment of the nature of the reaction of the cardiovascular system to a given load, characterized in that the registration of the psychophysiological data of the researched and assessment of the reaction of his cardiovascular system is carried out on the basis of the analysis of a series of cardio intervals obtained from the parameters of the photoplethysmogram of the subject, for which the processor of the control unit is programmed to form series of cardio intervals, after which the photoplethysmogram sensor block is fixed, for example, on the hand of the subject, registration, measurement and processing of the signals of the photoplethysmogram sensor block are carried out, the accumulated information on heart rate variability is stored in the form of digital files that are transmitted to a personal computer into which expert performance evaluations are entered activities of the researched and determine the professional reliability of a specialist by calculating its value by the method of canonical correlation th between the productive activity and the size of the body of costs - the cost of operations. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for calculating the achieved result and assessing the psychophysiological state of a specialist, two sets of indicators are formed that comprehensively characterize the activities of a specialist, so enter {Y _i }, i = 1, 2, ... n - a set of indicators, characterizing the effectiveness of the activity, and {X _j }, j = 1, 2, ... m - the set of heart rate parameters recorded during the activity, indicate the "worst" and "best" state of the body and the results achieved as {X _j- }, { X _{j +} } and {Y _i- }, {Y _{i +} }, where
Y _i - a set of indicators characterizing the performance of activities, for i = 1, 2, ... n, where n is the number of performance indicators;
X _j - the set of heart rate parameters recorded during the course of activity, j = 1, 2, ... m, where m is the number of physiological indicators;
a _i and b _j are the correlation coefficients from the indicators Y _i and X _j with the corresponding canonical variable,
accordingly, the canonical correlation coefficients “ρ _k ” are calculated by the canonical correlation analysis method, evaluating the strength of the connection between {Y _i } and {X _j }, each significant “ρ _k ” corresponds to a pair of canonical variables:

the significance of “ρ _k ” is estimated according to the Bartlett criterion, when substituting in (1) the values of the performance indicators and the psychophysiological state of the “best” and “worst” values receive the corresponding alternatives for each pair: (Y _{k +} , X _{k +} ) and (Y _{k -} , X _k- );
in the n-dimensional space of productivity and the m-dimensional space of psychophysiological indicators, these pairs of canonical variables play the role of centroids, apply the Mahalanobis method, evaluate how each case of evaluating the result of work and the state of the body deviates from the centers of the statistical population for a given individual, denoting by: M _{tk +} - the distance of the current performance to the "best" state, M _tk- - the distance of the current state to the "worst" performance indicator, receive integral price performance and psychophysiological prices at time t:

e - the number of significant (according to Bartlett) canonical correlation coefficients "ρ _k ", while the integral estimates of R _t and C _t vary in the range - 0-1. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the current, actually instantaneous, reliability of the specialist at a controlled point in time is calculated by the formula:
H _t = K ₁ R _t K ₂ (1-C _t ),
where the coefficients K ₁ and K ₂ in a particular work are determined expertly, based on the requirements for this type of activity, in the general case, including during test trials, they are determined by the method of step-by-step discriminant analysis of performance and price according to the Fisher f-criterion . 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the results obtained, an integral criterion is calculated - an indicator of the activity of regulatory systems, which characterizes the state of specialist regulatory systems, and on the basis of which the degree of tension of regulatory systems is evaluated - a voltage index characterizing the functional reserves of the body. 5. A device for collecting, processing and accumulating information about the functional response of the human cardiovascular system to a workload to determine the professional reliability of an expert with an extreme profile of activity, containing a photoplethysmogram sensor unit, in the form of an infrared optical pair of an LED and a photodiode, the output of which is connected to the noise reduction input the filter of the measuring unit of the photoplethysmogram sensor, which also includes a signal amplifier and analog a digital converter connected to the digital filter input of the signal processing unit from the photoplethysmogram sensor unit, which also includes a decoder, comparator, cardiointervariometer and a cardiovascular system analyzer connected in series, while the digital filter input is connected to an analog-to-digital converter, characterized in that the device is equipped with a control unit that contains a processor connected by a bi-directional multi-bit bus to a random access memory unit through a multi-bit connector with the output of the analyzer of the state of the cardiovascular system, a digital-to-analog converter, the multi-bit input of which is connected to the second multi-bit output of the processor, and the output through the actuator, connected to the LED input of the photoplethysmogram unit, a visualization unit, the multi-bit output of which is connected to the second multi-bit input processor, while the first multi-bit output of the processor is connected to a multi-bit socket for connecting a personal computer and tonomny power supply unit connected respectively to the input processor, input memory block, the digital to analog converter, an actuator imaging unit and the LED unit photoplethysmogram sensor and the elements included in the measuring unit photoplethysmogram sensor and a signal processing unit with a photoplethysmogram sensor unit. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit comprises a keyboard, the first multi-bit output of which is connected to the first multi-bit input of the processor, the second multi-bit output is connected to the multi-bit input of the visualization unit, and the input is connected to the output of the autonomous power supply. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the actuating element is made in the form of a relay.

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