RU2391570C2 - Axle rolling bearing for high speed main lines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: axle rolling bearing consists of internal and external rings with rolling grooves, and of placed between them rolling elements made in form of rollers installed in seats of separators. Rollers are made two-stepped. The bigger diametre a of roller step rolls only along the rolling paths of the external ring of the bearing. The smaller diametre of the step made with two sections contacts only rolling grooves of the internal ring with constant and identical rotation velocity. The rolling path of the internal ring of the bearing has the groove forming a gap with the bigger diametre of the roller step. A ball, functioning as a vibrator, is installed in coaxial opening of rollers. Weight of the ball relates to weight of the roller, for example as 1 to 100 and more. Number of vibrators in the bearing is equal to prime numbers, for example 3; 5; 7.

EFFECT: increased rotation velocity, reliability and service life, reduced friction moment and friction coefficient, operation of bearing under conditions of pure rolling without roller slipping.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used for all industries.

Consider a specific example of a axle box bearing for high-speed highways (HSR) of passenger and freight railway transport. The axle box unit uses standard roller radial bearings 42726 and 92726.

One of the disadvantages of the known rolling bearings during their operation is the presence of rolling friction with slipping of the rolling elements. Moreover, the sliding path of the rollers with respect to the rolling path of the rollers is 15 times greater. And it is not possible to calculate how many revolutions the roller makes in one revolution of the shaft or per minute, since the roller slides along both the outer and the inner raceways of the bearing.

Double row bearings with tapered rollers are also used - angular contact. However, in these bearings, the conical roller is run in by only one point along the race track, all other surfaces slide along the raceways and along the end face. “... The heating of the axle boxes continues to be the most widespread type of marriage. In 2002, it amounted to 1026 cases or 55% of the total number of marriages ...

To a steady decrease in uncoupling for axle box heating, their number increased in 2002. ”(See the journal Railway Transport. M., No. 6, 2003, p. 11).

Known standard rolling bearings, containing the inner and outer rings with raceways, the rolling bodies located between them, made in the form of rollers installed in the seats of the separator.

For one revolution of the shaft, the roller makes along the raceway of the inner ring

158/32 = 4.9375 turns,

and along the race track of the outer ring

222/32 = 6.9375 turns.

However, the roller cannot run at different speeds simultaneously on two tracks. Suppose that a roller rolls in diameter of 158 mm, then the roller slides in diameter at the same speed in diameter of 222 mm. It follows that the amount of slip is 15 times the rolling path. And since the slip and rolling coefficients are 50 ... 500 times different, the bearing assembly naturally heats up and the abrasive wear of both the rollers and the bearing race is abrasive.

Radial clearance in the bearing after 150,000 km of track can be up to 3 mm or more. The effects of increased clearances are known.

Known rolling bearing - the prototype according to the patent RU 2232926 (see figures 1 and 2), containing the inner and outer rings with raceways, the rolling bodies placed between them, made in the form of rollers installed in the nests of the separator, the rolling bodies - rollers - made two-stage, the larger diameter of the stage, having one section, is in contact only with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, and the smaller diameter of the stage, made with two sections, is in contact only with the raceway of its inner ring with a constant and identical frequency of rotation, while the condition for assembling the bearing must be met:

wherein the step of the rolling body — the roller — with a large diameter is made spherical or barrel-shaped, and the raceway of the outer bearing ring is made spherical.

The assembly condition is fulfilled and as a result we have a pioneering invention in which rolling bodies are run around the outer and inner raceways of a bearing with a constant and the same speed without sliding.

The purpose of the invention:

- providing a higher bearing speed;

- providing higher reliability and durability of the axle box bearing for high-speed highways;

- ensuring the filling of the free niche with another pure rolling bearing operating on rolling friction.

The goals and technical effect of the invention are achieved due to the fact that a ball acting as a vibrator is freely installed in the coaxial hole of the roller, and the mass of the ball refers to the mass of the roller, for example, as 1 to 100 or more, and their number in the bearing is equal to prime numbers, for example 3; 5; 7 ...

Figure 1 shows the axle box bearing for high-speed highways, consisting of two spherical roller bearings assembled with a axle box. Figure 2 shows the roller of the rolling bearing, figure 1. Figure 3 shows a view A, figure 1, indicating the directions of rotation of the inner ring of the bearing and rollers; places of contact of the rollers with the raceways and the direction of movement (rotation) of the rollers together with the separator.

The axle box bearing for the HSR railway consists of an outer ring 1 with a spherical groove, rolling elements 2 - rollers of a two-stage type, a cage 3, an inner ring 4, an axle box 5, a flange 6, a ring 7 with labyrinth grooves, o-rings 8 and 9, the cover 10, the mounting bolts 11 with the castellated washers 12, the axis of the carriage 13, the mechanical ring 14, the bolts 15 and the lock washers 16.

The large stage D _{wm2 of the} roller 2 is made of spherical type and provides linear contact over the area of the sphere only with the raceway of the outer ring 1, and an annular groove is made on the inner surface of the ring 4 to form a gap with a larger stage of the roller.

The two smaller steps D _wm1 of the cylindrical roller 2 are in contact only with two sections with the raceways of the inner ring 4 in a line. Ring 4 contains two thrust sides.

The separator 3 consists of two ring-type housings and connected on rivets 19. The material of the separators can be antifriction materials, carbon fiber or polyamide. It should be noted that the number of rollers 2 in the bearing is 15, a multiple of three and five is equal to prime numbers. Part of the rollers in the bearing, three or five, are evenly located in the separator 3 and contain balls 17 that act as a vibrator. The latter are freely installed in the coaxial hole of the rollers 2, and the holes from the ends are closed by bushings 18 for press fit, holes of small diameter are made in the bushings.

According to their design, two spherical-cylindrical rolling bearings perceive the radial load as the main one and are able to perceive the axial two-sided load when turning railway tracks, as well as when passing arrows when changing the tracks of the train.

The axle box bearing for the BCM operates as follows. When the train moves, the car axles receive rotation from the contact of the wheels with the rails. Fixed on the axis 13 of the inner ring 4 of the bearing receive rotation. Two-stage rollers 2 are run without sliding along the raceways of the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 1 along its portion of a spherical surface with linear contacts.

In this case, the smaller steps D _{wm1 of the} rollers 2 are run-in only along the raceways d _{im of the} inner ring 4. The large steps D _{wm2 of the} rollers 2 are run-in at the same constant speed without slipping over the section with the spherical surface of the raceway D _{1m of the} outer ring 1. Circumferential speeds rollers 2 on two surfaces are equal due to the fulfillment of the assembly condition of the bearing:

,

,

namely, Const = 7 (Const = prime),

where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing;

D _wm1 is the diameter of the lower step of the roller;

D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;

D _wm2 is the diameter of the larger step of the roller.

It is known that Russia allocates 13 trillion rubles for the reconstruction of railways. On the well-known standard rolling bearings, BCM cannot be built. Costs will increase from 50 to 500 times as well as the ratio of sliding friction to rolling friction:

n = fsk / fkach = 0.15 / 0.003 ... 0.15 / 0.0003.

Thanks to the theory of rolling for pure rolling bearings without slipping, and 2000 years of this theory did not exist, it became possible to calculate the number of revolutions of both the cage and the rollers.

For example, the frequency of rotation of the rollers is equal to the frequency of rotation of the shaft times Const.

When Vgr.wagon = 60 km / h; n shaft = 5,308 s ^-1 ; n roll = 37.156 s ^-1 .

Vpas. wagon = 400 km / h; n shaft = 35.4 s ^-1 ; n roll = 247.6 s ^-1 .

;

;

;

;

; … числа эти как и число π=22/7 - иррациональные. Известно, что чем выше частота колебаний и чем меньше амплитуда колебаний, тем меньше момент трения и коэффициент трения качения. Последний стремится к «0» (f кач = 0,00003). Следует заметить, зачем все эти числа, Const=7 - простое число, число вибраторов - 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,… простые числа? Выбраны эти числа в целях ухода от возникновения резонанса в работающем подшипнике качения. С тем, чтобы собственные колебания узла не совпадали с автоколебаниями подшипника.In order to reduce the moment of friction and the coefficient of friction in the bearings in the rollers, for example, a ball 17 is installed as a vibrator. The roller 2 in the bearing participates in planetary motion, rotates around its own axis and moves along the ring together with the separator 3. Ball 17 is freely installed in the coaxial hole of the roller, and the center of mass is eccentric, the mass of the ball 17 refers to the mass of the roller, for example, as 1 to 100 and more. The presence in the bearing of three or five vibrators - balls 17 - generates a harmonic of complex acoustic sound vibrations. It should be noted that the masses of the balls 17 are different, as is the amplitude of their vibrations — the radial clearance. For example, the amplitude of vibrations in each of the balls located is

;

;

;

;

; ... these numbers, like the number π = 22/7, are irrational. It is known that the higher the oscillation frequency and the smaller the oscillation amplitude, the lower the friction moment and the rolling friction coefficient. The latter tends to "0" (f qual = 0.00003). It should be noted why all these numbers, Const = 7 - a prime number, the number of vibrators - 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, ... prime numbers? These numbers are chosen in order to avoid resonance in a running rolling bearing. So that the natural vibrations of the assembly do not coincide with the self-oscillations of the bearing.

It should be noted that the presence of holes in the rollers for the location of the vibrator eliminates toxins in long products, improves hardenability, which affects the durability and increases the reliability of the material of the roller. And the material of the bushings 18, installed by pressing fit and made of martensitic steels, increases the strength of the roller in tension, for example, bending strength.

When rolling stock moves at a speed of 120, 160, 200, 300, 400 km / h in order to reduce rolling resistance from greases, a transition to liquid lubricants is required. For this, a cuff 20 is installed on the axle box, for example, a three-leaf reinforced cuff (see Fig. 1).

The only drawback of the proposed bearing is reliability and durability.

To reduce friction per year, more than 100 million tons of lubricants are consumed in the world. Lubrication is not needed for a clean rolling bearing if there were no cage.

The presence of sliding in a standard rolling bearing leads to abrasive wear even in an oil bath, increasing the radial clearance in rolling bearings, which leads to vibration and accidents.

Economic expediency

Losses in engineering due to depreciation and friction reach from 4 to 5% of national income. Friction resistance, according to experts, absorbs around the world from 30 to 40% of the energy generated during the year. The energy from friction is not just lost, but converted into heat, 80 ... 90% of machine failures occur from the wear of components and parts of machines and tools. Repair of equipment in the world employs up to 30% of the total number of workers. A fifth of the total smelted metal is spent on repairs.

These significant costs are due to an underestimation of the significance of the problems of increasing reliability, durability, and wear resistance.

In the axle box bearing for the HSR, a victory over sliding friction is achieved, which increases the bearing life, increases the locomotive's power, reduces fuel consumption, accelerates cargo turnover, saves the passenger’s time on the road, and the costs pay off. Nothing is as valuable as time.

One of the advantages of the new rolling bearing is its noiselessness, from 20 to 80 dB, and low lubrication consumption. And the increase in durability is equivalent to a proportional increase in productivity, as well as the release of huge resources of labor, raw materials, financial investments and capital construction for equipment repair.

Claims (1)

The axlebox bearing for high-speed highways, containing inner and outer rings with raceways, the rolling bodies placed between them, made in the form of rollers installed in the seats of the separator, the rolling elements — the rollers are made in two stages, the larger diameter of the stage having one section only contacts with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, and the smaller diameter of the stage, made with two sections, is in contact only with the raceways of its inner ring with a constant and equal frequency of the rotation, the assembly must be done bearing condition:

,
where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing;
D _wm1 is the diameter of the lower step of the roller;
D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;
D _wm2 - the diameter of the larger step of the roller,
and at least one raceway of the inner ring of the bearing is made with at least one groove to form a gap with a large diameter of the roller step, and the step of the rolling body of the roller with a large diameter is made spherical or barrel-shaped, and the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing is made spherical, characterized in that a ball acting as a vibrator is freely installed in the coaxial hole of the roller, and the mass of the ball refers to the mass of the roller, for example, as 1 to 100 or more, and their number in the bearing is n ostym numbers, for example, 3; 5; 7 ...

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