RU2390516C1 - Method of manure preparation in cowhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: way includes level-by-level entering of straw by means of air, accumulation of covering manure on slot-hole floors, its division on firm and liquid fractions, tap of last on the underground channel in slurry pit. The hoof washing is carried by a water solution with effective microorganisms of a preparation "Baikal EM - 1" by means of the ring channel and the pump with the delivery pipeline, entering by hoofs of animal effective microorganisms into firm fraction with the subsequent hashing of manure mass and reception of rerotting manure and liquid fraction, accordingly, their accumulation on slot-hole floors and slurry pit, washing of underground channels by the fulfilled Em-solution. Thus a hoof washing is held during the walk of animals on the ring channel. Udder washing is carried out on a platform connected with dib hole. The delivery pipeline is supplied by a flexible hose.

EFFECT: invention allows raising quality of manure, sanitary processing of cows, to lower expenses of work and means for manure preparation in cowhouse.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The method of preparation of manure in the barn belongs to the agricultural industry and can be used on farms for littering animals on a deep straw litter to obtain solid litter manure and its liquid fraction. The introduction of straw for bedding to animals is carried out by the installation (Patent No. 2339281, bull. No. 33, 2008). Effective microorganisms of the Baikal EM-1 preparation were used to improve the quality of manure.

Currently, livestock farms of agricultural enterprises, farms and personal subsidiary plots (farmsteads) receive three types of manure: liquid manure (litterless), semi-liquid manure (with partial litter) and solid (litter). The first two types of manure are obtained on farms of agricultural enterprises with a large livestock (from 100, 200 and more cows). Litter (solid) manure is obtained at the compound with a small number of animals (from 1 to 2 cows). Solid litter manure is obtained by keeping animals on slit floors with litter. On slit floors there is a natural separation of manure into solid and liquid fractions.

The liquid fraction passes through the cracks in the floor (the size of the gap is 15-20 mm) and is absorbed by the soil. The solid fraction remaining on the floor, together with the litter, forms solid manure, which is daily removed with a pitchfork and a shovel from the premises and stored in piles, replenishing them with fresh manure daily. When stored in piles due to small portions removed from the premises, manure freezes in winter, and the biothermal process does not occur. As a rule, it erodes and loses fertilizer properties. In rainy weather and spring, manure drains form from the liquid fraction and precipitation, which spread throughout the farm and pollute water sources. Despite the shortcomings, litter manure in the farmyard is more acceptable for agriculture (Analogue) than litter manure obtained in agricultural enterprises. Liquid or semi-liquid manure due to unsuitability, as a rule, is not used to fertilize fields, but is removed outside the farm.

The closest to the achieved result is a method for preparing manure in a barn (Prototype), including the introduction of straw, the accumulation of litter manure on slit floors, its separation into solid and liquid fractions, the removal of the latter through clandestine channels to a slurry collector (Farmland Magazine, 2005 No. 8, pp. 88-89, article “Old New Yard”), characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of manure, sanitary treatment of cows, reduce labor costs and means, hoofs were washed with an aqueous solution with effective microorgan by means of an annular channel and a pump with a discharge pipe, layer-by-layer introduction of straw bedding with the help of a pneumatic installation, effective microorganisms by the hooves of animals into the solid fraction, followed by mixing of the manure and obtaining rotted manure and liquid fraction, respectively, accumulating them on slit floors and a slurry collector, washing the underground channels spent EM solution that washing the hooves was carried out together with the animals walking along the annular channel with the EM solution circulating in it arat "Baikal EM-1" that udder washing with warm water performed on site coupled with a pit, which discharge line is provided with a flexible hose that in order to improve drainage of the liquid fraction, the floor in the barn is cascaded to bias underground channel. Figure 1 shows a General view of the barn, including doors for entry and exit of cows 5 and 8, slotted floor 12, feeders 16, pneumatic pipe 21 for feeding straw and feed, distributor 15 for introducing straw and feed into the barn (the process of applying straw and feed described in patent No. 2339281), an annular channel 4, a pump 3 for circulating an aqueous solution, a discharge pipe 13 with a flexible hose 14, a washing platform 6 connected to the sump 2 and the annular channel 4 (a working EM solution of the Baikal EM preparation is prepared in the sump -1 "the desired concentration), the sump 17, poi ki 18, gate 19, milking parlor 20, walking platform 24. Figure 2 shows a section AA of a slit floor 12 with gratings 11 and an underground channel 10, with solid manure 22 and liquid fraction 23. Figure 4 shows a section C - In the slit floor 12 with a feeder 16 and a cascade slope 25 to the clandestine channel 10. FIG. 3 is a section B - B of the annular channel 4. To create a circulation of the working EM solution through the annular channel 4, the discharge pipe 13 is connected to the flexible hose 14 with an annular channel. To flush the underground channels 10, the flexible hose 14 is alternately connected to the channels 10 of the slit floor 12. The cowshed 1 is divided by feeders 16 into two equal sections. Each section contains 100 cows with a separate entrance and exit. At the ends, each section is equipped with an annular channel 4 and a washing platform 6 and a pit 2.

A method of preparing manure in a barn is as follows. Prepare a barn for the launch of animals. Before starting the animals, the straw is placed in a continuous layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm in the distributor 15. Then the straw is introduced in layers as necessary after 2-3 days, when the cattle on the walking platform 24 or in the milking parlor 20. The consumption of straw per cow is 2- 3 kg per day. Then prepare a working EM solution using a working pit 2. The volume of the pit is 3 m ³ . The pit is filled with water at a temperature of 25-30 degrees and 3 liters of the finished EM preparation are added, and 3 liters of beet molasses (molasses) are added to adapt the microorganisms. An EM preparation is preliminarily prepared from Baikal EM-1 concentrate, diluted with water and kept it for 5-7 days in a dark place. Turn on pump 3 and mix the solution with a return stream from flexible hose 14. Then, the flexible hose is connected to the annular channel 4. The working EM solution is prepared weakly concentrated (approximately 1: 1000) and periodically introduced into the sump, given that manure is an exclusively nutrient medium for reproduction of microorganisms.

The work of the device is as follows. An aqueous EM solution from the pit 2 is pumped through the discharge pipe 13 and the flexible hose 14 into the annular channel 4 by the pump 3 and circulates in it. Animals from room 1 through doors 8 go through channel 4 to the milking parlor 20 and hoofs are washed with EM flux solution, enveloping them with effective microorganisms. At the same time, the animals walk along the canal, an active warm-up takes place. Walking the cows before milking is useful because after resting the cows defecate in a certain place (in the annular channel), which protects the milking parlor from contamination with manure. Next, the cows go to the washing platform 6, where the udder is washed by means of the nozzle 7 with warm water supplied by the pump 9. Then, the spent aqueous EM solution with the help of pump 3, discharge pipe 13 with flexible hose 14 is washed underfill channels 10 from siltation, located under the grates 11 of the slit floor 12, dilute the liquid fraction 23, which enters the sump 17. After milking the cows through the doors 5 go to the barn 1 to the feeders 16. Straw for bedding and loose feed for animals through a pneumatic pipe 21 are fed via a distributor 15. Liquid feed metered pump through conduit 16 into the trough (loose and liquid feed dispensing process is described in the patent materials №2339281). Cows are drunk with clean water using common drinking bowls 18. Animals on the hooves bring effective microorganisms and introduce them by mixing solid manure 22 and EM into a homogeneous mass, and the liquid fraction 23 along the cascade slope 25 through the gratings 11 of the slit floor 12 flows into the underground channels 10 and slurry collector 17. As a result, dehydrated litter manure with a moisture content of 50-60% is formed on slit floors, which creates the best conditions for its overheating.

The solid fraction, mixed with straw and effective microorganisms when accumulated in the barn, turns into rotted manure and is used in crop production as a high-quality organic fertilizer. The liquid fraction with effective microorganisms from the sump 17, diluted with water in a ratio of about 1:10, is used to feed and water fields, meadows and pastures, which makes it possible to increase green mass for feed. In the barn, the anaerobic process of preparing manure is mainly going on, since the animals themselves stamp the litter manure with their feet. Rotted manure is removed from the barn about once or twice a year in the warm season with a bulldozer and tractor loaders with open doors 19 and mobile means delivered to the fields for application to the soil, which increases grain productivity by 2-3 times.

The preparation and use of manure in two fractions using effective microorganisms will have global impacts on the environmental situation in our country, and will make it possible to obtain the cleanest ecological food products. Keeping animals on a deep straw bed eliminates the daily manure removal operation, which saves energy, labor and capital costs, improves the microclimate, keeps hooves from damage, improves animal health, and ensures that animals are transferred to loose housing. Washing hooves with EM-solution improves the sanitary conditions of animals. The introduction of complex rotted manure into the soil improves the structure by binding the soil into lumps, increases its protection against leaching, preserves humus and effective microorganisms for the development of plants and the biosphere as a whole. Overripe manure, in comparison with liquid manure, preserves and multiplies living organisms in the soil. Prepared organics feed living organisms.

Claims (4)

1. A method of preparing manure in a barn, including the introduction of straw, the accumulation of litter manure on slit floors, its separation into solid and liquid fractions, the removal of the latter through clandestine channels into a slurry collector, characterized in that the hoofs are washed with an aqueous solution with effective microorganisms using a ring channel and pump with discharge pipe, layer-by-layer introduction of straw bedding with the help of a pneumatic installation, introduction of effective microorganisms by animal hooves into the solid fraction, followed by mixing the dung mass and obtaining rotted manure and liquid fraction, respectively, accumulating them on slit floors and a slurry collector, washing the underground channels with a spent solution with effective microorganisms of the Baikal EM-1 preparation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the washing of the hooves is carried out while walking the animals along the annular channel with a solution circulating in it with effective microorganisms of the Baikal EM-1 preparation. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the udder is washed with warm water at a site connected to the sump. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge pipe is equipped with a flexible hose.

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