RU2387895C2 - Block of protecting objects from pulse and impact effects and procedure for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to vibration-insulating devices. The protecting bloc consists of a flexible component out of sections of a steel cable secured between the first and the second support frames and an additional flexible element - stiffness corrector arranged perpendicular to the first one. The support frames are equipped with facilities for laying, coupling and attaching the cable sections in them. The stiffness corrector consists of cable sections, middles of which are united and rigidly secured on a flange of the first support frame, while the ends are side spaced from axis of symmetry and are rigidly with constriction fastened on flanges of the second support frame. The procedure of implementation consists in installing protecting blocks between a source of effect and a protected object at amount required for facilitation of a bearing capacity and for damping effect. The protecting blocks are installed one by one and/or in groups; also in a group the second support frame of the preceding block is connected to the first support frame of the following block.

EFFECT: creating module system of protecting from vibration.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vibration isolating devices based on the principle of elastic deformation, and is intended to protect various objects - buildings, equipment, devices from pulsed, shock and vibration effects resulting from earthquakes, shocks and stationary vibrations.

Known vibration isolating support of an internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2185544, class. MKI F16F 7/14, publ. 2002.07.20, containing an elastic element of curved segments of a steel cable and support plates with means of laying, screed and fastening of cable segments located in a transverse plane from opposite sides along the length of the support plates, and the curved cable segments are laid side by side, and their curvature is turned either outward or inward. This support is adopted as a prototype of the claimed device.

A method of using said vibration-isolating support is that, based on the weight of the object and the expected vibrational impact, the required number of vibration-isolating supports is gathered and set evenly under the protected object. This method is adopted as a prototype of the proposed method.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- the lack of protection of the object in the low frequency range of 3-7 Hz, which does not allow the use of this device (prototype) to protect the most important internal organs of a person;

- the absence of the element of "decoupling" shockproof object and source of exposure, which leads to the phenomenon of "patency" of the impact energy to the vibration insulated object;

- the absence of an element of accumulation of impact energy (impulse), which leads to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of vibration isolation;

- inefficiency of protection against longitudinal and transverse vibrations,

- large dimensions and large weight, which complicates the installation and replacement of the vibration isolating support, inconvenience in operation;

- insufficient frequency broadband vibration isolation (there is no protection against low-frequency influences), which leads to a highly specialized purpose - to protect aircraft engines from vibration.

The aim of the invention is the creation of technical means of protection against powerful pulsed and shock impacts and harmful vibration, with wide functionality, to protect objects whose weight can vary from fractions of a kilogram to several thousand tons, by using a protection system recruited from the same modules - protection units - and built on the principles of the cradle suspension of the object, the use of devices of negative stiffness, as well as the use of an elastic stop, preventing “breakdown” of broisolator.

To achieve this goal, a unit for protecting objects from impulse and shock effects, containing an elastic element in the form of curved segments of a steel cable fixed between the first and second support frames (in the prototype terminology - support plates) equipped with means for laying, tightening and securing cable segments in them contains an additional elastic element - a stiffness corrector located perpendicular to the first and consisting of curved segments of the cable, the midpoints of which are combined and rigidly fixed to the shelf per oh the support frame, and the ends are moved apart from the axis of symmetry of the corrector stiffness and preload is rigidly fastened to the shelves of the second support frame.

To achieve the goal in the method of application of protection units against impulse and shock effects, these protection units are installed between the source of influence and the protected object in the amount necessary to ensure the bearing capacity of the support and to attenuate the effect, and the protection units are installed individually and / or in groups, and in the group, the second supporting frame of the previous block is connected to the first supporting frame of the subsequent block.

Figure 1 presents the inventive unit, side view. In Fig.2 is the same, a top view, in Fig.3 is the same, front view. Figure 4 shows one of the methods of using the inventive unit. Figure 5 shows an example of a series connection of protection units.

The inventive block contains a support frame 1 and a support frame 2, between which the main suspension 3 is located in the form of an elastic element consisting of pieces of cable fixed to the support frame 1 by means of bushings 4 mounted on it and fixed to the support frame 2 by bushings 5. The inventive block also contains a stiffness corrector 6 made of curved cable segments, the midpoints of which are united at one point and fixed at a point 7 on the shelf 7 of the support frame 1. The ends of the cable segments on either side of the middle of the cable corrector the bones 6 are spaced apart from the axis of symmetry of the stiffener 6 and secured to the shelves 8 of the support frame 2 by fixing the ends of each cable segment in the sockets with the pressure plate 9 and nuts 10. At the same time, the cable stiffener 6 cable segments are strained by means of a preload, due to which the stiffness corrector 6 is in a state of unstable equilibrium. The supporting frames 1 and 2 are made of strips of steel profile, on which sleeves 4 and 5 are placed along the entire length, respectively. The main suspension 3 consists of a large number of cable segments. The stiffness corrector 6 also consists of several segments of the cable, between which are laid rigid gaskets 11 to create independent operating conditions for each cable. The shelf 7 is perpendicular to the frame 1 and is made of a metal profile. Shelves 8 are located in one plane with a shelf 7 on both sides and are also made of a metal profile.

The inventive device operates as follows. For example, it is necessary to carry out seismic protection of a building 12, the foundation of which contains columns 13 (see figure 4). The supporting frame 1 of the inventive block is rigidly fixed on the embedded part 14 of the column 13, and the supporting frame 2 is fixed on the embedded part 15 of the building 12. The required number of protection blocks is selected based on the weight of the building and the block size, and they are evenly distributed on the columns 13 around the perimeter of the building 12. A seismic shock acts on the columns 13. its energy is received through the frame 1 of the power suspension 3 and the stiffness corrector 6. Under the influence of spatial vibration from the side of the columns 13, the cable segments of the main suspension 3 begin to deform elastically in in the direction of the X, Y, Z axes. With increasing exposure, the stiffness corrector 6, which is in the state of unstable equilibrium in the initial state, leaves this state and, exhibiting the “negative stiffness” property, reduces the stiffness of the power suspension 3 and provides low-frequency protection of the building 12. The energy of the seismic impact is extinguished by these elastic elements, and the support frame 2 remains stationary or is shifted slightly.

The second application of the inventive unit. In practice, there may be cases when, in order to more effectively protect a responsible object, it is necessary to increase the free deflection of the elastic element with a constant load. For this, the frame 1 of the first protection unit is fixed to the embedded part 14 of the foundation column 13, as well as in the first case (see Fig. 5). The supporting frame 2 of the first protection unit is connected to the frame 1 of the second protection unit using a special connecting unit 16. The frame 2 of the second protection unit is fixed to the embedded part of the wall of the building 12. In the same way, the protection units are connected to other columns of the foundation of the building to be protected 12. Now the energy of the seismic impact perceive the elastic elements of two series-connected protection units. In this case, the free deflection of the elastic elements doubles. If it is necessary to further increase the free deflection, several protection units are connected in series. Such a combination of protection units forms groups. The number of groups determines the bearing capacity of the facility's security system. The number of protection blocks in a group determines the amount of static deflection, which ultimately determines the level of protection of the object by reducing its own frequency.

The inventive protection blocks should be made of various sizes and create a line of blocks, for example, 100 kg, 200 kg, 300 kg, 500 kg, 1000 kg, 5000 kg and so on. In this case, the bearing capacity of the protection units is ensured by the selection of diameters of steel cables from 10 mm to 300 mm and more.

If necessary, isolate an object of low weight, for example, a measuring device, use a single module with the appropriate selection of the diameters of the bearing and correction cables, with the module secured to the machine bed - the vibration source or on special racks.

For vibration isolation of technological equipment, for example, weighing 10 tons, which is a source of unacceptable vibration for the environment, a system of the claimed protection units located between the platform on which the processing equipment is located and the workshop floor is used.

The inventive protection unit has the following advantages:

- the presence of a stiffness corrector forms a power characteristic of a special configuration, which provides a significant reduction in the natural frequency of the claimed unit (to 0.9-1.2 Hz);

- the stiffness corrector is a means of decoupling the protected object from the source of impact by storing the impact energy and, therefore, almost completely eliminating the inertial mass of the object from the interaction process;

- the presence of a stiffness corrector provides an S-shaped power characteristic, which provides an elastic stop at impact amplitudes higher than calculated;

- the presence of a stiffness corrector determines the protection of the object from longitudinal and transverse vibrations;

- the expansion of broadband leads to the expansion of functionality and allows the use of the claimed blocks to protect a person;

- the protection units are compact and therefore convenient in operation, since a separate failed unit is easy to replace. It is also possible to replace all units when their useful life ends.

Claims (2)

1. The unit for protecting objects from impulse and shock effects, comprising a protection system, comprising an elastic element from pieces of steel cable fixed between the first and second support frames, equipped with means for laying, screeding and fastening cable sections in them, characterized in that the protection unit contains an additional elastic element is a stiffness corrector located perpendicular to the first one and consisting of cable segments, the midpoints of which are combined and rigidly fixed to the shelf of the first support frame, and the ends are laid apart to the side They are stiff from the symmetry axis of the stiffness corrector and with preload are rigidly fixed to the shelves of the second support frame. 2. The method of application of the protection units from impulse and shock effects, namely, that the protection units are installed between the source of influence and the protected object in the amount necessary to ensure load-bearing capacity and to attenuate the impact, characterized in that the protection units are installed individually and / or in groups, moreover, in the group, the second support frame of the previous unit is connected to the first support frame of the subsequent unit.

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