RU2387625C2 - POWDER FOR HUNTING ROUND 308Win (7,62х51) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: powder for hunting round 308Win 7.62×51 represents cylindrical 0.78 to 1.03 mm-dia grains with one 0.10 to 0.25 mm-dia channel that have thickness of fire arch of 0.30 to 0.39 mm. Proposed powder contains gun cotton, diphenylamine making chemical stability stabiliser, graphite making anti-static additive, camphor as stabiliser and residual process components representing volatile substances, i.e. water, ethyl alcohol and diethyl alcohol, both withdrawn by drying, and volatile substances, i.e. water, ethyl alcohol and diethyl alcohol, both not withdrawn by drying.

EFFECT: stable ballistic characteristics, reduced wear of barrel.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of production of ammunition for sports and hunting weapons, in particular gunpowder for charges for bullet cartridges 308Win (7.62 × 51) for hunting carbines.

For firing of 7.62 mm hunting carbines "Bear-3", "Elk-4", "Elk-7", "Elk-7-1", "Saiga-308", "Saiga-308-1", " Saiga308-2 ”and others use the 308Win hunting bullet cartridge (7.62x51) according to GOST 21169-75 (1), which includes a sleeve, a bullet, an igniter capsule and a powder charge. Until 1994, the powder charge was composed of gunpowder, lacquer, hunting grade OSNf-975 / 3.64, manufactured according to TU 84-803-85 (2). In 1994, the powder charge was improved and replaced with a powder charge of nitroglycerin spherical powder of the OSNf 38 / 3.77 grade according to TU 7506804-176-94 (3). On the hunting cartridge 308Win (7.62 × 51) with this gunpowder there is a patent of the Russian Federation No. 2086901 (4) from 09/10/1997

A disadvantage of the known powder charge from gunpowder OSNF 38 / 3.77 is the lack of stability of its ballistic characteristics:

the difference between the highest and lowest values of speed in a group of 10 shots reaches 32 m / s, the difference between the highest and lowest values of maximum pressure reaches 254 kgf / cm ² (4). In addition, this gunpowder contains an explosive and expensive component of nitroglycerin in the manufacture of gunpowder in an amount of up to 13.0%.

Due to the polydispersity of the powder grains - spherical (irregular spherical shape with sizes from 0.4 to 0.8 mm, the content of powder grains larger than 0.8 mm and less than 0.4 mm is allowed, in total up to 5.0%), this gunpowder is dosed worse on automatic rotor lines when assembling hunting cartridges.

The specified spherical hunting gunpowder is closest to the claimed object of the invention and adopted as a prototype, because there is no analogue of pyroxylin, granular powder for this cartridge.

An object of the invention is to improve the ballistic stability of the 308Win hunting cartridge (7.62 × 51) and reduce the wear of the barrel of the weapon due to the use of a powder charge from pyroxylin, phlegmatized, granular powder without using a component hazardous in production in the manufacture of spherical gunpowder when manufacturing spherical gunpowder nitroglycerin, which causes an increase in the temperature of combustion of the powder charge during firing by 300-400 K compared with monobasic powder and, as a result, increased wear of the channel and the barrel of a hunting weapon due to the enhanced hot-erosive effect of powder gases with a higher combustion temperature.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a hunting cartridge 308Win (7.62 × 51), which includes a capsulated sleeve, a bullet, a powder charge from nitroglycerin spherical powder of the OSNf 38 / 3.77 grade is replaced by a powder charge from a monobasic, pyroxylin, grained, single-channel, phlegmatized powder, characterized in that the powder grain is a cylinder with a single channel shape, and the powder grains in the powder charge are more uniform in geometric dimensions, the thickness of the burning vault of powder grains is 0.30-0.39 m Diameter of powder grains of 0.78 - 1.03 mm, and the powder comprises the following ingredients: wt%.

diphenylamine 0.8-2.0 camphor 0.4-0.9 graphite 0.1-0.2 volatiles, removable by drying 1.0-2.0 (water, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether); volatiles, not removable by drying not less than 0.2 (ethanol, diethyl ether); general content volatiles no more than 2.5 pyroxylin rest

The limits of variation of the parameters for the thickness of the burning roof and the diameter of the powder grains for pyroxylin powder depend on the geometrical dimensions of the used press tool during the pressing phase.

The proposed technical solution differs from the prototype by a powder charge - the charge is composed of pyroxylin, granular gunpowder made in the form of cylinders with one channels, with a burning arch thickness of 0.30-0.39 mm, powder grains with a diameter of 0.78-1.03 mm, the diameter of the channels is 0.10-0.25 mm. The following ingredients are completely excluded from the composition of the powder for the powder charge:

centralit No. 1, centralit No. 2, nitroglycerin, dinitrotoluene, due to this, when firing a new charge, powder gases contain fewer harmful components. The composition of the proposed pyroxylin powder includes, wt.%: Diphenylamine in the range of 0.8-2.0, camphor - 0.4-0.9; graphite not more than 0.2; volatile substances: - removable by drying - 1.0-2.0; - not removed by drying not less than 0.2; - general no more than 2.5; pyroxylin - the rest.

These differences ensure the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty", increase the stability of the ballistic characteristics of the powder charge, improve the survivability of the barrel, due to the lower burning temperature of powder gases by 300-400 K, and therefore ensure the compliance of the claimed invention with the criterion of "inventive step". The achievement of a positive effect with a specified range of characteristics of the powder is confirmed by the test results of cartridges with powder charges from this powder, are presented in table 1.

Gunpowder was tested at the FKP KGKPZ, Kazan, ballistic tests were carried out both at the ballistic station FKP KGKPZ and in the conditions of the ballistic station of Barnaul Cartridge Plant OJSC, Barnaul.

From the data of table 1 it follows that in experiments No. 2-9, 308Win cartridges (7.62 × 51) equipped with the proposed Sunar 308Win gunpowder have the most stability of ballistic characteristics with full correspondence between the average speed level and maximum pressure (hereinafter referred to as "pressure" ) powder gases to the requirements of normative and technical documentation. In particular, the difference between the highest and lowest values of the velocity of bullets (hereinafter referred to as “speed”) does not exceed 26 m / s, the difference between the highest and lowest values of pressure is 201 kg / cm ² (p. 2.3, p. 2.5); thermal stability 5.3- 7.6% (clause 2.7).

The implementation of the required speed is carried out at a lower level of mass of the powder charge and pressure. The high completeness of the combustion of gunpowder (Section 2.6) indicates a high quality of gunpowder.

An increase in the thickness of the burning dome (more than 0.39 mm) and the diameter of the channel of the powder grains (more than 0.25 mm), and the content of the camphor phlegmatizer more than 0.9% leads to an increase in the mass of the powder charge due to incomplete combustion of the powder grains (number of unburnt particles 327 pcs in experiment No. 8, p 2.6).

Incomplete combustion leads to an increase in the dispersion of velocities and pressure, respectively, up to 37 m / s and up to 394 kg s / cm ² .

Reducing the thickness of the burning arch, the diameter of the channel of the powder grains and the content of the camphor phlegmatizer below those proposed in the claimed solution increases the pressure, and a decrease in pressure in this case leads to a decrease in charge mass and speed (experiment No. 1, items 2.1, 2.2).

The content of diphenylamine in the range of 0.8-2.0 wt.% Provides the necessary chemical resistance and a guaranteed shelf life of the powder charge from it. An increase in the content of diphenylamine reduces the specific heat of combustion of the powder due to the introduction of an inert additive. When the diphenylamine content is less than 0.8 wt.%, The chemical resistance according to a simple gauge test according to OST B 84-2376 is reduced to 6.5 hours, instead of at least 7 hours at normal.

Volatile substances (removed by drying, not removed by drying) are unavoidable residual components due to manufacturing technology.

The lower limits of their content are connected by technological capabilities and expediency.

When the content of total volatile substances is more than 2.5 wt.%, Respectively, the specific heat of combustion of the powder is reduced.

Graphite is an antistatic additive and at the same time increases the flowability of gunpowder when equipped with cartridges. With a decrease in its content of less than 0.1 wt.%, The indicated properties of the powder deteriorate, for example, the specific volumetric electrical resistance increases, the time of expiration of the powder through the calibrated hole increases (the "flowability" worsens). More than 0.2 wt.% Graphite on the surface of the grain is not physically retained. Ballistic tests of gunpowder in the composition of cartridges 7.62 × 51 were carried out in accordance with OST 3-5380-83, the completeness of combustion - according to OST B 3-5177-81.

Table number 1 Physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics of the developed and well-known gunpowder for the cartridge 308Win (7.62 × 51) No. p / p Name of indicator The value of indicators The name of the indicator for the prototype Standards for the prototype of TU 7506804-176-94 in experiments Op. 1 Op.2 Op.3 Op. 4 Opt. 5 Op.6 Op. 7 Op. 8 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 I. Physical and chemical indicators one Hunting pyroxylin powder for cartridge 308Win (7.62 × 51) Spherical gunpowder OSNf 38 / 3.77 1.1 The thickness of the burning arch, mm 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.40 1.1. The thickness of the burning arch, mm 0.35-0.41 1.2 Diameter of powder grains, mm 0.68 0.78 0.79 0.88 0.92 0.99 1,03 1.05 1.2 Size of the main fraction, mm 0.4-0.8 1.3 Diameter of channels, mm 0.09 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.6 1.3 Density bulk, g / cm ³ . No less than 0.960 1.4 The content of diphenylamine, wt.% 0.8 1,0 1.3 1,5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.4 The content of centralite No. 1 wt.% 1.62-2.6 1.5 Camphor content, wt.% 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.9 1,0 1.5 The content of centralite No. 2 wt.% 1.5-2.5 1.6 The graphite content, wt.% 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.21 1.6 The content of dinitrotoluene, wt.% 2.0-4.0 1.7 Volatiles: 1.7.1 Removed by drying, wt.% 0.9 1,0 1,2 1.4 1,5 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.7 The content of nitroglycerin, wt.% 10.0-13.0 1.7.2 Not removable by drying, wt.% 0.1 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.8 The content of diphenylamine, wt.% 0.3-0.7 1.7.3 General, wt.% 1,0 1,2 1.45 1.70 2.0 2,4 2.5 2.7 1.9 The content of ethyl acetate, wt.% 0.1-0.9 Content 2.0 Moisture content, wt.% 0.2-0.6 1.8 pyroxylin, wt.% 97.81 97.30 96.64 95.57 95.39 94.82 94.40 93,99 2.1 Graphite content, wt.% 0.1-0.3 2.2 The content of pyroxylin, wt.% 75.40-84.18 II Ballistic indicators 2 Cartridge 308Win (7.62 × 51) 2.1 Mass of charge, g working 2,52 2,56 2.73 2.78 2.74 2.87 3.14 3.16 - The limit, g 3.13 3.17 3.20 2.91 3.08 3.05 3.18 3.16 - No more than 3.18 2.2 bullet speed avg, m / s (V _{25 avg} ) 807 823 825 830 812 816 823 803 - 810-830 2.3 The difference between the highest and lowest velocity values in a group of 10 shots, m / s, (V _{25 sr} ) 32 22 19 fourteen 24 eighteen 26 37 - No more than 35 2.4 The pressure of the powder gases in the barrel of the weapon is the maximum average, kg · s / cm 3290 2970 2852 3034 3087 3032 2954 2920 - No more than 3100 2.5 The difference between the largest and smallest pressure values, kg · s / cm ² 352 187 201 140 168 154 162 394 - No more than 800 2.6 Combustion, pcs 112 29th 54 82 98 235 247 327 - optional 2.7 Thermostability,% 7.6 6.4 5.7 5.3 6.2 7.6 6.7 7.9 - Optional, up to 9

Claims (1)

Gunpowder for charge to the hunting cartridge 308Win 7.62x51, containing pyroxylin, diphenylamine as a stabilizer of chemical resistance, graphite as an antistatic additive and residual technological components, characterized in that the gunpowder is made in the form of cylindrical grains with a diameter of 0.78-1.03 mm with one channel with a diameter of 0.10-0.25 mm, having a burning arch thickness of 0.30-0.39 mm, the powder contains residual technological components in the form of volatiles, consisting of volatiles removed by drying - water, ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether and the volatiles removed by drying - ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether, and as phlegmatizer it contains camphor next Content, wt.%:
diphenylamine 0.8-2.0 camphor 0.4-0.9 graphite 0.1-0.2 drying volatiles 1.0-2.0 non-drying volatiles not less than 0.2 pyroxylin rest
while the total content of volatile substances should be no more than 2.5 wt.%.