RU2385417C2 - Electrohydraulic breaking and crushing method for solid materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method involves drilling of holes 2 in solid body 1, in each of which there created is pulse high-voltage electrical charge in the liquid acting on body 1 with blast waves performed with electrohydraulic generators of blast waves 3. Each generator 3 includes electrodes arranged in cylindrical housing 4 filled with liquid and isolated throughout the internal side surface, and has tight design, with cumulative hollows 5 and linings 6 located in hollows. Impact on body 1 is performed with cumulative jets 9. Cumulative hollows 5 and linings 6 have the shape and are located in accordance with design directions and made in number equal to the number of design directions of distribution of cumulative jets 9. Electrodes in electrohydraulic generators of blast waves 3 are parallel. Housings of electrohydraulic generators 4 and linings 6 are made from plastic material. Linings 6 are filled with the liquid having the density which is higher than that of water, e.g. with salt brine.

EFFECT: creating zones with high energy concentration in specified areas of broken body, increasing breaking efficiency and possibility of predicting the points at which the material can be broken.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical pulse destruction and crushing of solid materials and can be used in mining, metallurgical, construction industries.

Known electro-hydraulic method of destruction of a solid body (Vorobev A.A. et al. Impulse breakdown and destruction of dielectrics and rocks. - Tomsk: TSU, 1971), including the placement of a solid body in a liquid, the force acting on a solid body by a shock wave with pressure at the front the pulse is not less than the strength of the material of a solid body, and the shock wave is excited by a high-voltage spark electric discharge carried out in a liquid.

The disadvantage of this method is that it can be used only for the destruction and crushing of solids of small dimensions, since the destructible solid must be placed in a bath filled with liquid.

Known electro-hydraulic method of destruction of a solid body (Axel AN and others // Industry of non-metallic non-metallic materials. Technical information. - M .: VNIIESM, 1972. - issue 5. - C.3), including drilling in a solid body of holes , a force acting on a solid by shock waves generated by high-voltage electric discharges carried out in a fluid filling holes.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide high efficiency for the destruction of solids, since the shock waves generated in a solid have spherical symmetry and the energy value in a pulse rapidly decreases with distance from the wave generation zone.

When using this method, it is not possible to form zones with a high energy concentration in the destructible body and to predict the position of the spallation fragments of the destructible body.

Also known is the electro-hydraulic method of destruction of a solid body (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2038150 C1, class V02C 19/18, 06/27/1995), which includes drilling in a solid body of boreholes, in each of which a pulsed high-voltage electric discharge is created in the fluid, which impacts the body with shock the waves produced by the electro-hydraulic shock wave generators installed in the boreholes, each of which includes electrodes placed in a cylindrical body filled with a liquid insulated over the entire inner side surface, moreover, the impact on the body is carried out simultaneously by at least four symmetrical cylindrical shock waves in the zones of the body located at the vertices of the square cell, using exploding wires. This method according to the combination of features and purpose is the closest analogue (prototype) of the present invention.

The disadvantage of this method is that in the object for effective destruction and predicting the position of the spalling fragments of large solid material fragments, it is necessary to drill at least four holes and install four electro-hydraulic generators of shock waves in them.

The cumulative effect of explosives is known - the increase in the effect of an explosion by its concentration in a given direction (Lavrentiev M.A. Cumulative charge and the principles of its operation // Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk, 1957. - vol. 12, issue 4 .; Orlenko L.P. Explosion and Impact Physics: Textbook for High Schools. - M.: FIZMATLIT, 2006. - P.251-274). The cumulative effect is achieved by the use of a charge with a cumulative recess facing the target. Cumulative excavation is usually performed in a conical, spherical or wedge-shaped shape and is lined with a metal layer, which significantly increases the cumulative effect. Upon initiation of an explosion, the products of a chemical reaction form a stream converging to a recess and a high-speed cumulative jet is formed. The walls of the cladding slam toward each other, and as a result of their collision, the pressure in the material of the cladding increases sharply. The pressure of the explosion products significantly exceeds the yield strength of the metal, so the movement of the metal lining is similar to the flow of a liquid film - a metal stream forms, moving at a speed of up to 10 km / s, which provides it with a large breakdown force.

The aim of the invention is to develop an electro-hydraulic method for the destruction and crushing of solid materials, which would ensure the creation of zones with a high concentration of energy in predetermined areas of the body to be destroyed, increase the efficiency of destruction and provide the ability to predict the breakaway material.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known electro-hydraulic method of destruction of a solid body, including drilling holes in a solid body, in each of which a pulsed high-voltage electric discharge is generated in a liquid, which impacts the body with shock waves produced by electro-hydraulic shock wave generators installed in the holes, each of which includes electrodes housed in a liquid filled cylindrical housing insulated over the entire inner side surface of the invention iju effect on the body is carried cumulative jets, wherein each of the generators operate electrohydraulic sealed with shaped recesses arranged in the recesses and facings.

Cumulative recesses and claddings are performed in an amount equal to the number of projected directions of distribution of cumulative jets. Depending on the size of the object to be destroyed and the projected propagation directions of the cumulative jets, changing the shape, location and number of cumulative recesses and claddings, it is possible to obtain various combinations of cumulative jets and to predict the spallation of solid materials.

It is advisable to make the housings of electro-hydraulic shock wave generators and claddings from plastic materials, such as polyethylene, and fill the claddings with a liquid of a higher density than water, for example, sodium chloride solution, sea water or calcium chloride solution for efficient use of cumulation energy.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 - solid material in the holes of which are installed electro-hydraulic generators of shock waves with cumulative recesses and facings;

figure 2 is the same, a section along aa;

figure 3 - one of the options for an electro-hydraulic generator of shock waves;

figure 4 is the same, a section along BB.

The positions indicated: destructible solid material 1, bore holes 2, electro-hydraulic generators of shock waves 3, cases 4, cumulative recesses 5, cladding 6, electrodes 7, water 8, cumulative jets 9.

The method is as follows.

Drill holes 2 are drilled in the destructible solid material 1 using perforators 2. Then, the electro-hydraulic shock wave generators 3 are installed in the holes 2, having cumulative recesses 5 in their bodies 4, in which the liners are installed 6. Next, the electro-hydraulic shock wave generators 5 are connected to the output via a high-frequency cable high voltage pulse generators.

The electro-hydraulic generator of shock waves 3 can be made, for example, in the form of two electrodes 7 located inside a cylindrical sealed housing 4 having electrical insulation over the entire inner side surface and filled with water 8.

After turning on the high-voltage pulse generator, a high voltage is applied to the discharge gap formed by the electrodes 7 of the electro-hydraulic shock wave generator 3 and a breakdown of the discharge gap occurs, accompanied by the formation of a conductive channel. An intense local heating of the liquid occurs in the discharge channel. At the same time, the energy of superheated ionized gas and steam is concentrated in it. The rapid expansion of the discharge channel in the form of a vapor-gas cavity under the influence of internal pressure creates 8 compression waves and pressure pulses in water. Due to the high pressure and rapid expansion of the discharge channel, shock waves are formed, which, moving, collapse the walls of the liners 6 towards each other. As a result of the collision of the walls, the pressure in the material of the linings 6 increases sharply. The movement of the linings 6 forms flows converging at a certain angle to the axes of the cumulative recesses 5, which pass into thin jets of liquid moving along the axes at very high speeds. The impact of these factors on the material of the object leads to its destruction.

The number of electro-hydraulic generators of shock waves 3, the location, shape and number of cumulative recesses 5 and lining 6, the location of the electrodes 7 is determined depending on the dimensions of the destructible solid material 1 and the projected directions of propagation of cumulative jets 9.

The proposed method allows to increase the efficiency of the destruction of solid materials due to the cumulative effect that increases the effect of the explosion by concentrating it in a given direction, to predict the spallation of the material to be destroyed and can be used to destroy and crush large-sized solid materials.

Claims (5)

1. The electro-hydraulic method of destruction and crushing of solid materials, including drilling in a solid body of boreholes, in each of which a pulsed high-voltage electric discharge is generated in the liquid, which acts on the body by shock waves produced by electro-hydraulic shock wave generators installed in the boreholes, each of which includes electrodes, placed in a cylindrical housing insulated over the entire inner lateral surface filled with liquid, characterized in that the effect on the body is carried out dissolved cumulative jets, wherein each of the generators operate electrohydraulic sealed, with shaped recesses and arranged in recesses facings. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cumulative recesses and cladding have a shape and arrangement in accordance with the projected directions and are made in an amount equal to the number of projected propagation directions of the cumulative jets. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes in electro-hydraulic generators of shock waves are located in parallel. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of electro-hydraulic generators of shock waves and facings are made of plastic material. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining is filled with a liquid having a higher density than water, for example, a solution of sodium chloride.

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