RU2382847C1 - Method for stocking of granular waste in sludge pond section and into body of conservation over section - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to hydrotechnical construction, more precisely to stocking of granular waste into section of sludge pond and into body of conservation. Method includes tiered inwash of waste to a design level with development of pond and beach zone into section, capacity of each tier of which is created with levees. In upper part of section, on tier of beach, drainage is arranged, which is installed at the distance from levee of tier and along it and is equipped with facility for water removal from it. Drainage in plan is arranged under foot of open pit selected for development in process of tier guarding element arrangement, intended for creation over section of conservation body filled with wastes. Then inwash of the first tier of conservation body is carried out, and external side surface of tier guarding element is matched with external surface of this tier within its limits, which is coated with a layer of recultivation.

EFFECT: reduced costs and improved reliability.

6 cl, 2 ex, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be applied when storing granular waste in the section of the hydraulic dump at the final stage of its filling and in the body of conservation over the section at the initial stage of its creation.

There is a method of storing granular waste in a section of a hydraulic dump, including a tiered reclamation of waste to a design level in a section, the capacity of each tier of which is created by building dams, and the reclamation of waste into a tier is carried out with the formation of a pond and beach zone. At the same time, in the lower part of the section, on the inner slope of the primary embankment dam, drainage is performed, which is provided with a drainage pipe located directly at the bottom of the slope, and pipes draining water from the drainage (Hydrotechnical Structures. Designer Guide. / Ed. By V.P. Nedrigi. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1983. Page 510, Fig. 21.1).

The disadvantage of this method is that the drainage located at the base of the section for a long time works in a fine-grained environment and by the time the filling of the section with waste ends, it can completely become sealed and fail. Moreover, when creating the capacity of the first (lower) tier of a section, such drainage is not always initially performed. In such conditions, at the final stage of filling the section does not occur sufficient dehydration of waste in the beach area. This creates difficulties when creating secondary walling dams from the beach waste in the upper part of the section.

There is also known a method in which, in addition to the known method, on the intermediate tier beach along the secondary enclosing dam and directly at the bottom of its internal slope, tubular drainage is provided with a means for removing water from it.

The disadvantage of this method are as follows.

1. Such a tubular drainage located on the side of the beach area does not sufficiently dehydrate waste in the beach area above the tiers, which makes it difficult to create secondary containment dams from these tiers in the waste.

2. When preserving the waste-filled section, it is advisable to carry out a tiered alluviation from the waste of the conservation body with the convex shape of the outer surface over the section, the enclosing elements of the tiers of the conservation body should be carried out from the dehydrated waste of the beach area, and combine the outer side surface of each enclosing element with the outer surface of the body intended to create the body preservation.

In this case, the slope of the external slope of the enclosing element of the tier of the conservation body is 6-8 times less than the slope of the external slope of the enclosing dam of the section tier. If the heights of these tiers are equal, the body volume of the enclosing element is approximately 2 times larger than the body volume of the enclosing dam. Therefore, the implementation of the enclosing element of the tier of the conservation body is associated with the development of a large quarry in the beach area of the previous tier, and consequently, with dehydration of a large amount of waste. This dehydration cannot be effectively carried out by drainage provided in the known technical solution. After filling the section with waste, such dehydration is associated with complex work and high costs.

There is a method of preserving the section of the hydraulic waste dump of granular waste from industrial enterprises, according to which the waste is washed into the section to the design level, then the washing is stopped and the conservation is carried out (Recommendations for the design of tailings of metallurgical industry enterprises. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1975, p. 44-50) .

However, the final state of the surface of the hydraulic dump does not provide a relief convenient for conservation, therefore, during planning, the central part of the section is increased with waste taken from the beach area and imported quarry soil. At the same time, the enclosing dams, which received the calculated hydraulic loads during the process of washing the waste into the section, are cut up to 20 percent in height. As a result of all this, the final fill factor of the hydraulic dump is usually no more than 0.75-0.85, and during the work anomalous dusting occurs, especially at ash dumps. All this leads to high costs and significant environmental costs.

There is a method of storing granular waste in a section of a hydraulic dump and a section conservation body, according to which first, according to known technologies, the section is washed with waste to the design level, then the pulp is fed from a point outlet to the central part of the section to form a single-stage alluvial body, i.e. body conservation, convex shape (AS USSR No. 1052614, publ. 07.11.83).

The disadvantages of this known method are as follows.

1. When such a single-tier conservation body is washed up (conical section washing) directly along the enclosing structures that created the section capacity, a narrow pond channel forms along the entire perimeter of the tier. In this case, groundwater constantly causes a high hydraulic impact on the building envelope, which reduces the reliability of the waste-filled section.

2. During alluvial washing, the whole conservation body is saturated with water, which in the winter season under pressure acts on the layer of seasonal freezing of waste with the formation of heaving tufts and keys that destroy the outer side surface of the tier body and form ice on it, which reduces the reliability of the created conservation body. Additionally, at low temperatures, especially during snowfall, all water contained in the pulp can freeze and form a continuous ice-ground body. As a result of this, the flow of water from the section to the recycling water supply system of the hydraulic transport of waste may stop, and ice can overflow the section and go beyond it. All this makes it impossible to erect a conservation body in the cold season without the formation of a settling pond in the central part of the alluvium tier.

3. Throughout the entire period of washing up of the body of conservation and the implementation of the layer of reclamation, it is necessary to carry out dust suppression on the entire remaining without changing outer surface of the washed part of the body of conservation. This leads to high costs and significant environmental costs.

These disadvantages reduce the effectiveness of the known methods due to the high cost and lack of reliability.

Due to the difficulties encountered in the selection of the prototype, the claims are made without division into restrictive and distinctive parts.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to reduce costs and increase reliability, especially environmental, and the technical result achieved is:

- in a timely and high-quality dehydration of the waste necessary to create the enclosing dams of the final tier of the alluvial section and the enclosing elements of at least the first tier of the conservation body;

- to increase the reliability of the section by reducing the level of groundwater in front of the partition dams;

- to simplify dust suppression when creating a conservation body by reducing the dusty surface of the settling pond and covering part of the surface of the conservation body with a reclamation layer.

In the inventive method of storing granular waste in the hydraulic dump section and in the conservation body above the section, this problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by first performing a tiered washing of the waste to the design level with the formation of a pond and beach zone into the section, the capacity of each tier of which is created by enclosing dams . In the upper part of the section on the beach of the tier, drainage is performed, which is located at a distance from and along the tier dam of the tier and is equipped with a means for removing water from it. Drainage in plan is placed under the sole of at least one quarry, which is planned to be developed during the execution of the enclosing element of the tier, which is intended to create a conservation body over the waste-filled section. After all this, the first (lower) tier of the conservation body is washed in, with the outer surface of which within the tier, the outer side surface of the tier enclosing element is combined, then this surface is covered with a restoration layer.

Additionally:

- drainage is performed at the base of the final tier of the alluvial waste in the section and / or the preceding tier;

- drainage is performed by a tubular-mattress type;

- drainage is provided with transverse drains;

- after washing up the first tier of the conservation body, the subsequent tiers of the conservation body are washed in, with the outer surface of which within each tier, the outer side surface of the enclosing element of this tier is combined;

- the washing of the first and subsequent tiers of the conservation body is carried out each time from a technological temporary prism, which is erected on the crest of the fencing element of the tier from soil material suitable for the subsequent implementation of the reclamation layer from it.

It is the creation of drainage on the beach of the tier in the upper part of the section at the final stage of its filling according to the indicated rules that ensures cost reduction and increased reliability of the method.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which the magnitude of the decrease in horizontal dimensions is five times greater than the magnitude of the decrease in vertical dimensions and which depict:

- figure 1 is a plan section of a hydraulic dump at the time when the alluvium of the first tier of the conservation body is completed;

- figure 2 is the upper part of the section of the hydraulic dump and the first, as well as the dotted line, the second tier of the conservation body, section AA in figure 1, example 1, the case of relatively small granular waste;

- figure 3 is the upper part of the section of the hydraulic dump and the first three, as well as the dotted line, the fourth tier of the conservation body, section AA in figure 1, example 2, the case of relatively large granular waste.

Example 1 (figures 1 and 2). Fine-grained and / or dusty wastes are stored in section 1 of the hydraulic dump, for example, ash and slag of a thermal power station, beach zone 2 of which is characterized by a filtration coefficient k _f <2 m / day and a slope of the beach surface i _pl <0.005, a fraction of one. At the same time, the content of slag fractions in the initial composition of ash and slag material is more than 15%, which allows in section 1 to erect tier dams 3 from ash and slag of beach zone 2.

First, a tiered reclamation of the wastes is carried out in section 1 to the design level 4 with the formation of beach zone 2 and pond pool 5. The capacity of each tier of the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as tier) 6 is created by enclosing dams 3, which are erected from the ash and slag of beach zone 2 of the previous tier each time after dehydration for ensuring the passage of technology. In the upper part of section 1 at the base of the final tier 7 on the beach 8 of tier 9 preceding the final tier 7, i.e. on the lower tier, tubular-mattress drainage (hereinafter referred to as drainage) 10 is performed, the drainage pipe 11 of which is provided with a discharge pipe 12 with a shut-off device at the outlet (not shown). The drainage 10 is located at a distance from the enclosing dam 3 of the tier 9 and along it, and if necessary, is provided with transverse drains 13. In the plan, the drainage 10 is located under the sole of the pit 14, which is planned to be developed from the beach 8 in the final tier 7. The pit 14 is designed to fulfill the enclosing element 15 of the first tier 16, intended to create a conservation body 17 above the waste filled section 1.

After washing up the final tier 7 of section 1 by means of drainage 10, the beach zone 2 of this tier 7 is dehydrated and a guard element 15 is erected around section 1 to create the capacity of the first tier 16 of the conservation body 17 - in the drawings, the movement of waste is shown by an arcuate solid arrow. In this case, the outer side surface 18 of the enclosing element 15 within the tier 16 of the litter 16 is combined with the outer surface 19 of the conservation body 17, after which ash and slag is washed into the tank of the tier 16, and the outer side surface 18 of the enclosing element 15 is covered with a remediation layer 20.

With sufficient water permeability and the width of the beach 2 and the time of ash and slag dehydration, drainage 10 is expediently performed at the base of the tier 9, which precedes the final tier 7 of section 1. In this case, the drainage 10 is located under the sole of the pit 21, which is planned for development from the beach 8 in the first tier 16 for the execution of the enclosing element 22 of the second tier 23 intended to create a conservation body 17. In this case, the outer side surface 24 of the enclosing element 22 within the tier 23 is combined with the outer surface 19 of the conservation body 17, after which carry out the washing of ash and slag into the capacity of the tier 23, and the outer side surface 24 of the enclosing element 22 is covered with a layer of reclamation 20.

With this arrangement of drainage 10, ash and slag dewatering of the beach area is provided in three successively washed tiers: in tier 9 and 7 of section 1 and the first tier 16 of the conservation body 17 - in the drawings, the movement of waste from the additional tiers 7 and 16 is shown by arched dashed arrows. This ensures the erection of the enclosing dam 3 of the final tier 7 of section 1 and the enclosing elements 15 and 22, respectively, of tiers 16 and 23 of the conservation body 17. In this case, the washing of the tier of the first 16 and the subsequent second 23 of the conservation body 17 is carried out each time from the technological temporary prism 25, which is erected on the crest of the enclosing element 15 and 22 of soil material suitable for the subsequent implementation of the reclamation layer 20 from it.

Further creation of the conservation body 17 is carried out in the same way - by tiered alluvium with the execution of enclosing elements from ash and slag of the beach zone 2, the dehydration of which is carried out in the same way - by drainage by means, the specific implementation of which is provided for by the project.

Example 2 (figures 1 and 3). In section 1 of the hydraulic dump, large-grained and / or medium-grained overburden rocks or ore dressing waste are stored, the beach zone 2 of which is characterized by a filtration coefficient k _f > 5 m / day and a slope of the beach surface of _ipl > 0.01, a fraction of one.

The storage of such relatively coarse-grained waste is carried out in tiers similar to Example 1. The dehydration of such waste from beach area 2 is simplified. This allows, in comparison with example 1, firstly, to increase the height of the enclosing dams 3 of section 1 and the enclosing elements 15 and 22, as well as subsequent enclosing elements of the conservation body 17, and secondly, to increase the distance from the enclosing dams 3 to the drain 10. in the case of drainage 10 at the base of the final tier 7, drainage 10 is located under the sole of the pit 21, intended for development in the first tier 16 of the conservation body 17. In the case of drainage 10 in the base of tier 9 preceding the final tier 7, drainage 10 is located under the sole to Riera 26, intended to develop the body in the second tier of 23 conservation 17.

In the first case, drainage 10 provides dewatering of waste in three successively washed tiers: in tier 7 of section 1 and in two tiers 16 and 23 of the conservation body 17. This allows the wastewater to be washed in the first three tiers of the conservation body 17. In the second case, drainage 10 provides dehydration waste in five successively washed tiers: in tiers 9 and 7 of section 1 and in tiers 16, 23 and 27 of the conservation body 17.

This allows the washing of waste in the final tier 7 of section 1 and in the first four tiers of the conservation body 17.

The outer side surfaces of the enclosing elements 15, 22 and 28 are combined with the outer surface 19 of the conservation body 17. Technological temporary prisms 25 are erected from soil material suitable for the restoration layer 20, which is made from this soil continuously in sections as the conservation body 17 is created and after release temporary prism 25 from the slurry line 29.

The drawings indicate other elements necessary for the implementation of the method:

30 - quarry (in tier 9)

31- trunk slurry line

32 - release

33 - settling pond

34 - spillway well

35 - collector

36 - drainage channel

37 - ditch.

Designations

1 - section

2 - beach area

3 - enclosing dam (sections, the same: extension dam, secondary dam, secondary deboning dam)

4 - design level (filling sections)

5 - pond zone

6 - alluvium tier (further tier, repeated more than 30 times)

7 - the final tier (sections)

8 - beach (tiers)

9 - tier (preceding tier 7, i.e. below)

10 - drainage

11 - drainage pipe

12 - outlet pipe

13 - transverse drain

14 - quarry (in the final tier 7)

15 - enclosing element (first tier 16, the same: building dam, secondary dam, secondary deboning dam)

16 - the first tier (conservation body 17)

17 - conservation body

18 - side surface (of the enclosing element 15)

19 - the outer surface (body conservation)

20 - reclamation layer

21 - quarry (in the first tier 16)

22 - enclosing element (second tier 23)

23 - the second tier (body conservation)

24 - side surface (enclosing element 22)

25 - temporary prism (on the crest of the enclosing element)

26 - quarry (in the second tier 23)

27 - third tier (conservation bodies)

28 - enclosing element (third tier 27)

29 - slurry line

30 - quarry (in tier 9)

31- trunk slurry line

32 - release

33 - settling pond

34 - spillway well

35 - collector

36 - drainage channel

37 - ditch.

Claims (6)

1. The method of storing granular waste in the section of the hydraulic dump and in the body of conservation over the section, characterized in that they first carry out a tiered reclamation of waste to the design level with the formation of a pond and beach area in the section, the capacity of each tier of which is created by building dams, while in the upper part sections on the beach of the tier carry out drainage, which is located at a distance from the boundary dam of the tier and along it and is equipped with a means of removing water from it, and the drainage in plan is placed under the sole, at least e, one quarry, planned for development during the execution of the enclosing element of the line, intended to create a conservation body over the waste-filled section, after which the first (lower) tier of the conservation body is washed, with the outer surface of which within the tier combine the outer side surface of the enclosing element of the tier , then this surface is covered with a layer of reclamation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage is performed at the base of the final tier of the alluvial waste in the section and / or its previous tier. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage is performed by a tubular-mattress type. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage is provided with transverse drains. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after washing up the first tier of the conservation body, the subsequent tiers of the conservation body are washed in, with the outer surface of which within each tier, the outer side surface of the enclosing element of this tier is combined. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the washing of the first and subsequent tiers of the conservation body is carried out each time with a technological temporary prism, which is erected on the crest of the fencing element of the tier of soil material suitable for the subsequent implementation of the reclamation layer from it.

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