RU2381861C1 - Device for shaping of products with variable cross-section by means of plastic deformation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metal deformation process, particularly to techniques of shaping by plastic deformation of products with variable cross-section, for instance connecting rods of different mechanisms, end cap and draw bar of car suspensions, jaw and crossbar of driveshafts, draw bar and levers of steering control unit, ringbolts, hammers, club hammers, wrenches, by means of alignment of operations of rolling treatment units, which are located on the same basis and operate in consistent mode from total drive mechanism and facility for forged pieces feeding between them. The first unit is provided for receiving of rolling blank, approximate by shape and dimensions to finished product. The second - for conclusive shaping of product by press forming. They contain by two working elements, one of which is movable. Units are connected to output actuator component of drive mechanism by mentioned moving operating element. Working areas of units are ultimate approximated to axis of output actuator component.

EFFECT: there is provided functional capabilities enhancement of device, nomenclature of products, efficiency of temperature interval of plasticity of blank material, reliability growth and increasing of accuracy of equipment operation.

9 cl, 8 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and more specifically to equipment for metal forming, designed for the manufacture of products with a variable cross-section, for example, such as connecting rods of various mechanisms, tips and rods of car suspensions, forks and crosspieces of cardan shafts, rods and levers of the steering unit, eye bolts , hammers, sledgehammers, wrenches, etc., by preliminary forming the workpiece by rolling and final forming by stamping.

Automatic lines are known for the manufacture of such products (for example, SU 1618490 A1, 1991; JP 56-59551, 1981), in which rolling and stamping operations are carried out on different pieces of equipment - on a rolling mill and on a stamping press, sequentially located in the technological chain of the line and the forgings forwarding combined transport system. This type of equipment is metal-intensive, energy-consuming and requires significant production areas for its placement.

A device for forming products with a variable cross section is known, in which the rolling and stamping operations are combined in one piece of equipment (SU 764808, 1980). It consists of cross-wedge plates with wedge-shaped tools and end forming matrices rotating together with the forging to better fill the matrix engraving with the forging material deformable by the rolling tool, and is suitable only for axisymmetric parts. The relative position of the rolling and stamping tools in one processing position does not allow expanding the range of products manufactured on it in this analogue.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the invention is a device with two processing modules placed on one base in two parallel positions (SU 1682022 A1, 1991). The first processing module of the device is used for preliminary shaping from a measured workpiece by the method of transverse wedge rolling of a semi-finished product, close in shape and size to the finished product, and consists of two flat plates with wedge tools fixed to them, one of the plates being fixed on the base, and the other is movable from an individual drive. The second processing module, consisting of a vertical hammer with a hydraulic cylinder and two movable horizontally arranged half-matrices, is placed on an additional base stand for editing the faceted section of the semi-finished product. One of the half-matrixes is spring-loaded in the stand, and the other receives displacement from a separate hydraulic cylinder. When the semi-matrix is closed, the side faces of the semi-finished product are corrected, and its upper and lower faces are corrected between the striker and the base.

The operation of the modules is carried out in a coordinated mode due to the availability of control tools for all of the listed drives so that at the end of rolling (the output of the rolling plate of the rolling module to the extreme position), the half-cylinder and hammer hydraulic cylinders are triggered by the control means, and the plate returns to its original position with its drive.

The device provides a means for transferring semi-finished products from the first module to the second and the ejector of finished forgings.

The low functional level of the second processing module in the prototype (only surface dressing is possible on this module) does not allow the final operation of complete and accurate forming of the forging by stamping, necessary for high-quality manufacturing of products. The use of the temperature range of plasticity of the workpiece material heated before rolling throughout the processing in the prototype is achieved by the method of superimposing the cycles of the modules complicated by the algorithm and not sufficiently reliable due to possible malfunctions and / or failures in the operation of the complex of drive mechanisms and means of controlling them.

Along the way, it should be noted that due to the rigid scheme of the modules, the introduction, if necessary, of additional interoperational heating of the forgings in the prototype is possible only with significant improvement.

These disadvantages of the prototype are the reason for the reduced functionality of the device, the range of products manufactured by it is limited both in formative parameters and in material. The device, in particular, is not suitable for the precise shaping of products with complex spatial shapes.

The problem solved by the invention is aimed at expanding the arsenal of technical means suitable for implementing a progressive and economical method of manufacturing products of various shapes and materials, including those responsible, with the maximum use of the workpiece material and the minimum cost of subsequent refinement of the forging by combining rolling of various types with precise dimensional stamping carried out on one piece of equipment.

The technical result obtained from the use of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device and, consequently, the range of products manufactured on it by increasing the functional level of the processing modules and the efficiency of using the temperature range of plasticity of the workpiece material by bringing the rolling and stamping zones closer together; to increase the reliability and accuracy of the equipment by ensuring coordinated cycles of the processing modules with a single common drive for them.

To achieve a technical result in a device for shaping products with a variable cross section by plastic deformation, containing a base, having coordinated work cycles and placed on the basis of the first processing module for preliminary shaping by rolling a semi-finished product similar in shape and size to the finished product, and a second processing module, containing at least two working elements with forming tools, of which at least one is made according to the invention, the second processing module is stamped with the possibility of the final complete shaping of the product, the drive mechanism is made common to both modules, ensuring coordinated cycles of their operation, each of which modules is connected to the output actuator of the drive mechanism by its said movable working element, and both modules are placed on the base ak that their working areas as much as possible close to the actuator output axis.

Additional differences of the invention are that:

- the drive mechanism is made with an output actuating element transmitting the deformation force in a vertical plane along the vertical axis of the base;

- the drive mechanism is made with an output actuating element transmitting the deformation force in the horizontal plane along the horizontal axis of the base;

- said movable working element of the module is connected to the output actuating element directly or through an intermediate transmission mechanism.

In particular cases of the invention:

- in the rolling module, the working elements are made in the form of flat plates with wedge tools, while the plates can be made rectangular or in the form of a disk;

- the rolling module is made with a roll forming tool.

Thanks to the proposed embodiment of the device, in which the operation of both modules is provided by a single common drive mechanism for them, the possibility of direct and reliable coordination of the cycles of operation of the modules by this drive has been achieved and the need for additional controls has disappeared, and the modules are made with the maximum possible approximation of the rolling and stamping zones, which will allow the most efficient use of the temperature range of plasticity of the workpiece material; to simplify the transfer of forgings between the modules.

The presence of a stamping module that provides the final complete shaping of products of a spatial shape with a variable cross-section, mainly by the trouble-free technology, in conjunction with the proposed relationship of the processing modules with each other and with the output actuator of a common drive mechanism common to them, along with alternative solutions in the direction of force transfer deformation in the vertical or horizontal plane, can significantly expand the functionality of the device, and nachit, to expand the range of manufactured products thereon both formative and dimensional parameters, and the material, with a substantial reduction in energy consumption and more efficient use of the preform material.

Unlike the prototype, where the processing modules should be placed on the basis only in the technological sequence, the proposed device does not require the fulfillment of such strict conditions - the modules can be placed in any sequence suitable for specific production requirements, ensuring the compactness of the designed rolling and stamping equipment.

And under special processing conditions, for example, metal with low ductility, the introduction of the necessary interoperative heating of the forgings does not require modification of the device

As a result, the device is efficient, multi-functional, easily automated, and can be placed on a small production site.

The implementation of the invention makes it possible to reduce the cost of manufacturing stamped products by reducing the metal consumption (due to the preparation of accurate - in size and mass - blanks for seamless stamping), energy consumption (one drive for two modules and efficient use of the temperature range of plasticity of the material of the heated blank), laboriousness (high performance and automation).

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in Fig.1 shows a General view of the device with a horizontal axis of transmission of deforming forces (approximate diagram) in the initial period of operation; figure 2-4 is the same, at the stages of completion, respectively, rolling and stamping; 5 and 6 are an example of a device with a vertical axis of transmission of deforming forces at various stages of operation and with various examples of connecting the rolling module to the output actuator of the drive (through a gear rack and directly); Fig.7 is an embodiment of the device; Fig.8 is the same, top view.

On the basis of device 1, processing modules having agreed-upon operating cycles are placed: rolling 2 and stamping 3, for transferring the deformation force to which serves a single common drive mechanism 4 with output actuating element 5. Mechanism 4 can be of any type, for example mechanical, hydraulic or electric, etc. The type and power of this mechanism, its constructive solution and placement options are determined based on the conditions of economic and technological feasibility for specific production conditions.

The design of processing modules 2 and 3 can be varied and is also determined by technological feasibility. A specific constructive solution of the modules themselves, their mutual arrangement on the basis and relationship with the common drive mechanism 4 should meet the condition of the closest possible approximation of the working zones of rolling and stamping, for example, as illustrated below in the description and in the attached drawings.

Rolling module 2 can be made with the possibility of transverse, longitudinal or other type of rolling, contains a wedge tool 6: flat (figure 1) or roller (figure 5), and at least two working elements 7 and 8 for its placement. In this case, both elements are made movable relative to each other or only one of them is movable, for example 7 (Fig. 1).

The stamping module 3 also has at least two working elements 9 and 10 supporting the stamping tool 11, one of them, for example 9, is movable relative to the other.

Modules 2 and 3 are placed on the base in a technological or other sequence relative to the direction of transmission by the element 5 of the drive mechanism 4 of the deformation force carried out in a horizontal (figure 1) or vertical (figure 5, 6) plane, and element 5 is located so that the axis coincides with the axis of the transmission of force. Each of the modules 2 and 3 is connected directly to the output actuating element 5 by its movable working element (Fig. 6), or the movable working element of one of the modules is directly attached to the element 5, and the movable element of the other module is connected to the element 5 through the intermediate gear 12 : wedge (figure 1); gear rack (figure 5) or any other type, such as lever, crank, etc.

The transfer of the semi-finished product 13 from the rolling module to the stamping and removal of the finished forgings 14 is carried out by one or more transmitting devices, for example, the coverage of the manipulator (not shown conventionally in the drawings).

Depending on the configuration and material of the product, plastic deformation in the device is carried out “cold” or with preheating of the workpiece. In the latter embodiment, the device is provided with appropriate heating means, which can be built-in or placed outside the device.

The operation of the device is illustrated by a specific example of its implementation, in which module 2 is designed to receive from a measured workpiece by rolling the semi-finished product 13 and is made transverse-wedge. Module 3 is made with the possibility of subsequent complete shaping of the product by final stamping of the semi-finished product 13 according to the trouble-free technology and its working tool is a stamp with split matrixes. The modules are placed relative to the axis of the element 5, transmitting the deformation force in the horizontal plane, and are interconnected and with a common drive for them in accordance with figure 1. Mechanism 4 is hydraulic.

In the initial position, the rolling module 2 is opened, and the stamping - under the action of the wedges of the mechanism 12 is in the closed position.

Measured, preheated to the required temperature, the workpiece is placed in the rolling module 2 in the working area between elements 7 and 8. The control signal gives a command to turn on the drive mechanism 4 and its actuating element 5, receiving movement to the left (according to the drawing), moves in the same direction, the working element 7 is fixed on it. By the interaction of the movable 7 and the stationary 8 working elements with a wedge tool, the workpiece is rolled to obtain a semi-finished product 13. Moreover, in the process of moving the element 5 with e With the element 7 to the left, the wedges of the transmission mechanism 12 diverge and the die tool of the module 3 opens. The semi-finished product 13 is transferred to the working area of module 3 and at the same time a command is issued for the return movement of the elements 5 and 7, which leads to the fact that when the wedge of the mechanism 12 mounted on the element 5 interacts with the wedge located on the working element 9, the stamping tool closes and under the action of the deformation force transmitted by the element 5, the semi-finished product is stamped finally until the finished product receives the specified parameters. Plate 7 - in the initial position. The finished forging 14 is removed by repeating the described cycle, when the stamp is opened, and at the same time the subsequent semi-finished product 13 is placed in its place.

In the algorithm of operation of the proposed device, depending on the version of its execution and for technological reasons, rolling and stamping are carried out simultaneously (in parallel) or spaced in time to reduce the deformation force.

A variant of the device is possible, in which the deformation force on the movable working element of one of the modules is transmitted through the movable working element of the second module, connected directly to the drive.

Claims (9)

1. A device for shaping products with a variable cross section of plastic deformation, containing a base having coordinated work cycles and placed on the basis of the first processing module for preliminary shaping by rolling a semi-finished product that is close in shape and size to the finished product, and a second processing module containing at least two working elements with forming tools, of which at least one is movable, as well as a drive mechanism with an output an actuating element and a tool for transferring forgings between the modules, characterized in that the second processing module is stamped with the possibility of final shaping of the product, the drive mechanism is made uniform for both modules, ensuring coordinated cycles of their operation, with each of the modules connected to the output actuating element the drive mechanism with its mentioned movable working element, and both modules are placed on the base so that their working areas are maximally possible with are close to the axis of the output actuator. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism is made with an output actuating element transmitting the deformation force in a vertical plane along the vertical axis of the base. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism is made with an output actuating element transmitting the deformation force in a horizontal plane along the horizontal axis of the base. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable working element of the module is connected directly to the output actuating element. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable working element of the module is connected to the output actuating element through an intermediate transmission mechanism. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the rolling module the working elements are made in the form of flat plates with wedge tools. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the plates are made rectangular. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the plates are made in the form of a disk. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling module is made with a roll forming tool.

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