RU2381183C2 - Method for treatment of drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to processing of tap drinking water and may be used to produce drinking water with useful content of physiologically active fluorine, silver, calcium, magnesium ions, etc. Method for drinking water treatment includes supply of tap water flow and its contact with hard material, which contains physiologically active substance placed in cartridge located in body. Then water from body with cartridge is sent to reservoir, useful volume of which exceeds useful volume of body with cartridge at least n times, afterwards water saturated with physiologically active substance is mixed with water contained in reservoir of larger volume, besides, minimum value n is identified by the ratio: n=S×T×(K+k):V×k where: S is specified constant volumetrical speed of water bleeding from reservoir of larger volume (l/min); T is time for water bleeding with constant volumetric speed from body with cartridge, which is required to reduce concentration of supplied substance down to specified limits (min); K is value of maximum produced concentration of supplied substance in body for this type of cartridges (mg/l); V is useful volume of body with cartridge (l); k is specified concentration of introduced substance in water (mg/l).

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to evenly introduce physiologically necessary substances in specified concentration independently on interruptions in operation.

1 dwg, 5 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to a method for the treatment of drinking tap water and can be used to produce drinking water with a physiologically useful content of fluorine, silver, calcium, magnesium and other ions.

A known method of treating drinking water (Russian patent No. 2092451, C02F 1/68, publ. 1997), comprising contacting water with a composition containing inorganic fluorine compounds - metal fluorides (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and / or a mixture thereof), water-insoluble a binder from the class of cellulose esters and activated carbon at a specific rate of water passage through the composition equal to 0.5-5.0 min ^-1 .

The method of treatment of drinking or desalinated water in accordance with the patent of Russia No. 2131847, C02F 1/68, publ. 1998, consists in introducing physiologically necessary inorganic ions by passing water from top to bottom through a column bed containing a carbon sorbent and material containing organic ionite and inorganic sparingly soluble compounds. At the outlet of the column, water is saturated with macro- and microelements.

A common drawback of these methods of water treatment is the uneven flow of the introduced ions into the water during its processing. In the initial period of the water treatment process and after a break, there is an intensive intake of introduced ions into the water, while the concentration level of the introduced ions in the treated water exceeds not only the optimal physiological amounts, but also the maximum allowable concentrations.

There is a method of preparing mineralized drinking water with uniform saturation of fresh water with salts throughout the entire resource by passing water at a rate of 50 ml / min through a mineralizer placed in the column, which is granules of activated carbon coated with calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium salts (aut certificate of the USSR No. 1608138, C02F 1/68, publ. 1990). The mineralizer is obtained by sequential treatment of activated carbon with saturated solutions of calcium and magnesium chlorides, and then with saturated solutions of potassium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate, and after each treatment, the coal is washed with water and dried at 150-200 ° C for 1-2 hours. The method ensures the constancy of the composition of saline water while purifying it from organic impurities. The method is technologically complex, inefficient and characterized by a low service life - not more than 500 liters of water per 1 liter of mineralizer.

The closest technical solution to the proposed method is a method of mineralization of drinking water, providing the introduction of several physiologically active substances into the water (Russian patent No. 2266257, C02F 1/68, C02F 1/42, B01J 39/04, publ. 2005, prototype). The method includes bringing the water stream, dividing it into the main and secondary streams and contacting the secondary stream with a solid material consisting of polymer granular material containing physiologically active substances, followed by combining both streams, the volumetric flow rate of the secondary water stream being 2.5-15 , 0% of the volumetric flow rate of the main stream. The claimed ratio is ensured by narrowing the cross section along which the secondary stream passes, and the narrowing is realized by calibration holes, which can be located both at the inlet and / or outlet of the tank, and in the flow separation unit or in the flow mixing unit or in two nodes simultaneously (node separation and the node at the entrance to the vessel or the node at the outlet of the vessel, or the mixing node). The complexity of the reproduction of this method determines the lack of its implementation. The author indicates in the text of the description that when using materials having a solid insoluble base and particle size distribution, the proposed ratio of the volumetric flow rate of the main and secondary flows ensures uniform dosage of physiologically active substances in quantities optimal for the human body. However, the uniformity of dosage is not indicated by the author as a solvable technical problem. Specific information regarding this effect — uniformity of dosage — is not given in the examples, i.e. are not confirmed by anything.

The technical task of the invention is to create a method for the treatment of drinking tap water, ensuring uniform administration of physiologically active substances in a given concentration while maintaining it within acceptable limits without the formation of infusions, regardless of interruptions in work.

The specified technical problem is solved in such a way that in the method of treating drinking tap water, which includes supplying a stream of water and contacting it with a solid material containing a physiologically active substance placed in a cartridge located in the housing, the water from the housing with the cartridge is sent to the tank, useful volume which exceeds the useful volume of the casing with the cartridge by a factor of n, after which they carry out the mixing of water saturated with the substance with water in a larger container, and the minimum the value of n is determined by the relation: n = S · T × (K + k): V × k,

where S is a given constant volumetric rate of water withdrawal from a larger tank (l / min);

T is the time of water withdrawal with a constant space velocity from the housing with the cartridge, required to reduce the concentration of the injected substance to the specified limits (min);

K is the value of the maximum formed concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for this type of cartridge (mg / l);

V is the net volume of the housing with the cartridge (l);

k is the given concentration of the introduced substance in water (mg / l),

Moreover, the maximum value of n is determined by technical feasibility. The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

Water from the plumbing system (1) through the flow stabilization unit (2) with a constant predetermined volumetric velocity enters the cartridge (3) located in the housing (4), is saturated with matter and from the housing through a pipe (5) enters a larger tank (6 ), where it is mixed with the water there. When water is taken with constant volumetric speed from a larger tank, the saturation with the introduced substance takes place within the specified concentration.

When the selection is stopped, the water in the case is saturated with substances whose concentration can exceed a predetermined one, but when it enters the tank with a larger volume — when resuming the selection of water from a larger tank — the water coming from the cartridge case is diluted with water in the larger tank , and the concentration of the injected substances are aligned within acceptable values.

The proposed method can be implemented by various devices connected to the plumbing system.

Any possible device includes two hermetically sealed containers of different volumes, interconnected by a tube. The smaller capacity is the housing in which the cartridge is placed. The housing may be of various volumes and contain a cartridge with a solid material containing physiologically active substances with desired properties. The housing is connected to a larger capacity tube. Larger capacity can be of various configurations. The location of the containers relative to each other can also vary: the body can be both inside the tank of a larger volume, and outside it.

The following can be used as a solid material for filling a cartridge: organic ion exchangers having a porous structure in an air-dry state, containing sparingly soluble inorganic substances in an amount of 10.65%; ion exchangers in salt (silver, polyhaloid, bicarbonate) form, etc., preferably KU-fluororator — sulfocationionite modified with calcium fluoride; highly filled silver-containing granular material containing in wt.%: polyethylene (PE) 35-45, PE wax 1-6, schungite 38-55, silver sulfate 0.5-6, sodium chloride 1-5, calcium stearate 1.5- 2.0 (Russian patent G2 2320542, С02Е 1/86, publ. 2008).

Tap water enters the device at a constant volumetric speed, which is achieved by connecting tap water to the device through a pressure reducer and an adjustment valve (choke). Treated water is constantly mixed in larger containers. Mixing is carried out by any known means, preferably by bubbling. The amount of water taken is controlled by a meter. Water withdrawal is carried out by a water faucet, cooler, etc.

The proposed method for treating drinking water is illustrated by the example of introducing fluorine or silver ions into drinking water.

Example 1

Obtaining water with a given fluorine concentration of 0.8 mg / L.

Tap water is supplied through a flow stabilization unit with a volume velocity of 2.0 l / min to a cartridge located in a housing with a useful capacity of 0.4 l (the cartridge is filled with KU-fluororator - sulfocationionite, modified calcium fluoride), the water is taken at a constant volume velocity 1.5 min, the maximum formed concentration of the injected substance in the housing for this type of cartridge is 4.53 mg / l (TU 2227-374-09201208-98). Water from the cartridge body enters a 20-liter tank. The usable volume of the larger capacity exceeds the usable volume of the cartridge case by 50 times (n = 50). Mixing water in a larger tank is carried out using a tube located along one wall and the bottom, and along the entire length of the tube passing along the bottom there are holes with a diameter of 2 mm in increments of 20 mm.

Calculation of the value of n:

effective volume of the cartridge case 0.4 l;

the value of the maximum formed concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for this type of cartridge 4.53 mg / l; flow rate 2 l / min; water withdrawal time with constant volumetric speed (cartridge rinsing time) 1.5 min; the maximum concentration of fluoride ions is 0.5-1.2 mg / l; the concentration of fluorine ions is 0.8 mg / l;

n = S × T × (K + k): V × k

n = 2 × 1.5 × (4.53 + 0.8): 0.4 × 0.8 = 49.96

The estimated net volume of a larger capacity should exceed the net volume of the housing of this cartridge by 49.96 times.

Estimated effective volume of larger capacity for this cartridge:

49.96 × 0.4 = 19.96 l.

Information about the water received is given in table 1. The table also provides for comparison information on water treated without using a larger container (control).

Table 1. Break time in water withdrawal, hour The fluoride content in the treated water, mg / l the control 1st liter 1st liter 3 0.81 2.05 12 0.80 2.26 60 0.83 4,53

Example 2

Obtaining water with a given fluorine concentration of 0.8 mg / L.

Tap water through the flow stabilization unit with a volume velocity of 2.0 l / min is fed into the cartridge housing with a useful capacity of 1.0 l (the cartridge is filled with KU-fluoridator - sulfocathionite, modified calcium fluoride), water withdrawal time with a constant volume velocity of 2.3 min, the maximum formed concentration of the injected substance in the housing for this type of cartridge is 4.53 mg / l. Water from the cartridge body enters a 40 liter capacity. The usable volume of the larger capacity exceeds the usable volume of the cartridge case by 40 times (n = 40). Mixing water in a larger tank is carried out using a tube located along one wall and the bottom, and along the entire length of the tube passing along the bottom there are holes with a diameter of 2 mm in increments of 20 mm.

Calculation of the value of n:

effective volume of the cartridge case 1.0 l .;

the value of the maximum formed concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for this type of cartridge 4.53 mg / l;

flow rate 2.5 l / min;

water withdrawal time with constant volumetric speed (cartridge rinsing time) 2.3 min;

the maximum concentration of fluoride ions is 0.5-1.2 mg / l;

the concentration of fluorine ions is 0.8 mg / l;

n = S × T × (K + k): V × k

n = 2.5 × 2.3 × (4.53 + 0.8): 1.0 × 0.8 = 38.3

The estimated effective volume of a larger capacity should exceed the effective volume of the housing of this cartridge by 38.3 times.

Estimated effective volume of larger capacity for this cartridge:

38.3 × 1.0 = 38.3 L.

Information on the water received is given in table 2. The table also provides for comparison information on water treated without using a larger capacity tank (control).

Table 2. Break time in water withdrawal, hour The fluoride content in the treated water, mg / l The control 1st liter 1st liter 3 0.81 2.05 12 0.80 2.26 60 0.83 4,53

Example 3

Getting water with a given fluorine concentration of 0.5 mg / L.

Tap water is supplied through a flow stabilization unit with a volume velocity of 2.0 l / min to a cartridge located in a housing with a useful capacity of 0.4 l (the cartridge is filled with KU-fluororator - sulfocationionite, modified calcium fluoride), the water is taken at a constant volume velocity 2.1 min, the maximum formed concentration of the injected substance in the housing for this type of cartridge is 4.53 mg / l. Water from the cartridge body enters a 43-liter tank.

The usable volume of the larger capacity exceeds the usable volume of the cartridge case by 106 times (n = 106). Mixing water in a larger tank is carried out using a tube located along one wall and the bottom, and along the entire length of the tube passing along the bottom there are holes with a diameter of 2 mm in increments of 20 mm.

Calculation of the value of n:

effective volume of the cartridge case 0.4 l;

the value of the maximum formed concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for this type of cartridge 4.53 mg / l;

the flow rate is 2 l / min;

water withdrawal time with constant volumetric speed (cartridge rinsing time) 2.1 min;

the maximum concentration of fluoride ions is 0.5-1.2 mg / l;

set the concentration of fluorine ions to 0.5 mg / l;

n = S × T × (K + k): V × k

n = 2 × 2.1 × (4.53 + 0.5): 0.4 × 0.5 = 105.63

The estimated effective volume of a larger capacity should exceed the effective volume of the housing of this cartridge by 105.63 times.

Estimated effective volume of larger capacity for this cartridge:

105.63 × 0.4 = 42.25 l.

Information about the resulting water are shown in table 3.

The table also provides for comparison information on water treated without using a larger capacity tank (control).

Table 3 Break time in water withdrawal, hour The fluoride content in the treated water, mg / l the control 1st liter 1st liter 3 0.81 2.05 12 0.80 2.26 60 0.83 4,53

Example 4

Obtaining water with a given fluorine concentration of 0.6 mg / L.

Tap water is supplied through a flow stabilization unit with a volume velocity of 2.2 l / min to a cartridge located in a housing with a useful capacity of 0.4 l (the cartridge is filled with Granosorb-K activated carbon (Sanitary and Epidemiological Report 1CH77.01.06.369. P.00447.01.4 dated 01/14/04)) mixed with KU-fluoridator - sulfocathionite, modified with calcium fluoride), water withdrawal time with constant volumetric rate (cartridge washing time) 0.5 min, the maximum concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for this type of cartridge 2.46 mg / l. Water from the cartridge body enters a 6.0 liter capacity.

The usable volume of the larger capacity exceeds the usable volume of the cartridge case by 14 times (n = 14). Mixing water in a larger tank is carried out using a tube located along one wall and the bottom, and along the entire length of the tube passing along the bottom there are holes with a diameter of 2 mm in increments of 20 mm.

Calculation of the value of n:

effective volume of the cartridge case 0.4 l;

value of the maximum formed concentration introduced

substances in the case for this type of cartridge 2.46 mg / l;

the flow rate is 2.2 l / min;

water withdrawal time with constant volumetric speed (cartridge washing time) 0.5 min .;

the maximum concentration of fluoride ions is 0.5-1.2 mg / l;

set the concentration of fluorine ions of 0.6 mg / l;

n = S × T × (K + k): V × k

n = 2.2 × 0.5 × (2.46 + 0.6): 0.4 × 0.6 = 14.0

The estimated net volume of a larger capacity should exceed the net volume of the housing of this cartridge by 14.0 times. Estimated effective volume of larger capacity for this cartridge:

14.0 × 0.4 = 5.61 l.

Information about the water received is given in table 4. The table also provides for comparison information on water treated without using a larger container (control).

Table 4. Break time in water withdrawal, hour The fluoride content in the treated water, mg / l the control 1st liter 1st liter 3 0.81 2.05 12 0.81 2.46

Example 5

Getting water with a given concentration of silver ions of 0.04 mg / L.

Tap water is supplied through a flow stabilization unit with a volume velocity of 2.0 l / min to a cartridge located in a housing with a useful capacity of 0.4 l (the cartridge is filled with Granosorb-K activated carbon mixed with highly filled silver-containing granular material containing in .%: polyethylene 40, PE sock 5, shungite 48, silver sulfate 5, sodium chloride 1.5, calcium stearate 0.5) (Russian patent K 2320542), the time of water withdrawal with a constant bulk velocity of 0.5 min, the maximum value the resulting concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for nnogo cartridge type 0.77 mg / l. Water from the cartridge body enters a 21-liter tank.

The usable volume of the larger capacity exceeds the usable volume of the cartridge case by 51 times (n = 51). Mixing water in a larger tank is carried out using a tube located along one wall and the bottom, and along the entire length of the tube passing along the bottom there are holes with a diameter of 2 mm in increments of 20 mm.

Calculation of the value of n:

effective volume of the cartridge case 0.4 l;

the value of the maximum formed concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for this type of cartridge is 0.77 mg / l;

flow rate 2.0 l / min;

water withdrawal time with constant volumetric speed (cartridge washing time) 0.5 min .;

limit concentration of silver ions 0.05 mg / l;

target concentration of silver ions 0.04 mg / l;

n = S × T × (K + k): V × k

n = 2.0 × 0.5 × (0.77 + 0.4): 0.4 × 0.04 = 50.6

The estimated effective volume of a larger capacity should exceed the effective volume of the housing of this cartridge by 50.6 times.

Estimated effective volume of larger capacity for this cartridge:

50.6 × 0.4 = 20.24 l.

Information on the water received is given in table 3. The table also provides for comparison information on water treated without using a larger container (control).

Table 5. Break time in water withdrawal, hour The content of silver ions in the treated water, control, mg / l 1st liter 1st liter 3 0.04 0.08 12 0.04 0.14 60 0.04 0.77

As can be seen from the information presented, the proposed method provides uniform administration of physiologically necessary substances in a given concentration regardless of interruptions in work;

so, for examples:

1-3 - the fluoride content in the treated water after interruptions in the selection of water for 3; 12 and 60 hours are almost the same (0.8-0.83 mg / l), which confirms the uniformity of the introduction of fluorides in water, while in control experiments these values are significantly different and, accordingly, amount to 2.05-4 in the first liter, 53 mg / l, which exceeds the indicators obtained in accordance with the invention in 2.5-5.6 times;

5 - the content of silver ions in the treated water after interruptions in the selection of water 3; 12 and 60 hours is the same and is 0.04 mg / l, while in the control experiment these values are respectively 0.08-0.77 mg / l, which exceeds the values obtained in accordance with the invention in 2.0- 19.25 times.

The proposed method is simple to implement, does not require special equipment, does not require rinsing the cartridge after a break in the selection of water, while ensuring safety (stability of the given concentrations of the injected substances) without constant monitoring, regardless of interruptions in the selection of water.

Claims (1)

A method of treating drinking water, comprising supplying a stream of tap water and contacting it with a solid material containing a physiologically active substance, placed in a cartridge located in the housing, characterized in that the water from the housing with the cartridge is directed into a container, the useful volume of which exceeds the useful volume of the housing with a cartridge, at least n times, after which they carry out the mixing of water saturated with the physiologically active substance with water in a larger container, the minimum the value of n is determined by the relation
n = S · T · (K + k): V · k,
where S is a given constant volumetric rate of water withdrawal from a larger tank, l / min;
T is the time of water withdrawal with a constant space velocity from the casing with the cartridge, required to reduce the concentration of the injected substance to the specified limits, min;
K is the value of the maximum formed concentration of the introduced substance in the housing for this type of cartridge, mg / l;
V is the net volume of the housing with the cartridge, l;
k is the given concentration of the introduced substance in water, mg / l.

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