RU2381137C1 - Fluid carrying appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed appliance is made from high-strength synthetic fabrics and furnished with solid ballast and excess pressure valve. Second soft tight vessel made from high-strength synthetic fabrics to store fluid products is arranged inside first soft tight vessel filled with water. Lower part of said first vessel is provided with air-operated sea cock. Upper part of said first vessel accommodates rigid compartment with high-pressure air cylinders and lock valves and accessories to receive and discharge fluid products from second vessel, as well as to remove air and water from space between aforesaid first and second vessels.

EFFECT: possibility to unload in surface and underwater position and temporarily store fluid products.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sea and river means for transporting liquid cargo (oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, etc.) by water.

Oil vessels and various tankers are known that are described in the magazines Sudostroenie (for example, No. 5 for 2006), LPG World Shipping, Shipping gazette, etc., which are analogues of the invention. All of them have significant shortcomings, the main of which is the possibility of oil and oil products spills in the event of a collision of a tanker with another vessel or an underwater obstacle. Another disadvantage is the impossibility of changing the tanker draft without pumping out the transported liquid cargo in the case of landing aground. The third disadvantage is the increased hydrodynamic resistance of surface ships compared to submarines due to wave formation during movement.

On the other hand, for the transportation of goods in the first half of the 20th century, airships were used, which had a well streamlined shape due to excessive gas pressure inside the soft shell. The same (spindle-shaped) hull shape is typical of modern submarines, so that their hydrodynamic resistance is much lower than that of surface ships of equal displacement.

Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide a soft, water-pressurized product that is maximally adapted for transporting liquid and flammable goods, having low hydrodynamic resistance, a high degree of protection against oil spills and towed by a towing vessel.

The problem is solved by creating a sealed container of high-strength synthetic fabrics based on Kevlar, dinema, etc., the strength of which is 2-3 times higher than the strength of steel fibers, equipped with a high pressure air system (VVD) and the necessary shutoff valves to ensure immersion and ascent of the container inside which there is another sealed container equipped with the necessary shut-off valves and designed to store liquid cargo.

The design of the means for transporting liquid cargo is shown in the drawing.

Means for transporting liquid cargo consists of: an internal airtight shell (container) 1 with liquid cargo 2; external tight shell (capacity) 3 with sea water 4 and air bubble 5; cabin 6 made of fiberglass or metal; solid ballast 7; valve 8 with a flexible pipe for filling and pumping liquid cargo from the tank 1; valve 9 with a pipeline for filling the double-hull space between the shells 1 and 3 with water; valve 10 with a pipeline for discharging air during the period of filling with the double-hull space 4; Kingston 11 with drive from the VVD system; gas cylinder (cylinders) 12 of the VVD system; valve 13 pneumatic actuator Kingston 11; valve 14 for supplying compressed air to the double-hull space between the shells 1 and 3; etching valve 15. The upper part of the container 3 (in which the air bubble is located) is divided by soft transverse partitions 16 into a number of compartments to increase the survivability of the tool. The shell 1 is attached to the same partitions.

The use of means for transporting liquid cargo is as follows.

Long-term storage of funds is possible on shore when folded without special keel blocks and lodgements (on site). In the initial state, all valves are closed.

To bring it into working condition, the tool is moved into the water at the pier with a crane. Air is supplied from the cylinder (cylinders) of the VVD 12 to the upper part of the product under the casing 3, for this the operator located in the wheelhouse 6 opens the valve 14. The medium receives positive buoyancy and positive stability, since there is a solid ballast at the bottom of the tank and an air bubble at the top. When the upper part of the tank 3 floats to the surface, the valve 14 is closed and the slings of the crane are disconnected.

After that, the operator connects the filling hose to the valve pipe 8, opens the valve and starts pumping fuel or other liquid into the container under the shell 1. Shell 1 is expanded and takes the desired shape. The fuel pressure under the shell 1 is controlled by a pressure gauge. At the end of the filling valve 8 is closed.

Further, a hose for supplying water from the coastal line or from the fire line of the busier vessel is connected to the valve pipe 9. The operator opens the valve 9, and water fills the space between the shell 1 and the shell 3. The shell 3 is expanded and becomes spindle-shaped. Water pressure is controlled by a manometer. When the pressure under the shell 3 reaches the desired value, the valve 9 is closed. If the water pressure exceeds the required, then the etching valve 15 will automatically open and excess water will be drained overboard.

Refilled liquid transport agent is taken to the tow rope and towed to the port of destination. Precipitation means depends on the size of the gas bubble in its upper part. In deep water, the sediment should be maximal (the bubble is small) and only cutting is located above the water 6. Then the hydrodynamic resistance to movement will be minimal, which increases the speed of towing.

When overcoming shallow water, the gas bubble under the shell 3 must be increased. To do this, the operator opens the valve 14. Water from the housing through the valve 15 will go overboard and the tool will float above.

If along the route there is a collision of the product with another vessel, then upon impact, the shell 3 will bend and the valve 15 will release some of the water from the inter-space. The outer shell 3 is deformed, but in severe cases, tissue rupture can occur. Then the air bubble will come out of one of the transverse compartments formed by the soft bulkheads 16, but in general the product will remain afloat. Spills of fuel or other liquids are excluded, since hazardous liquids are inside the shell 1. Breakthrough of two strong shells 3 and 1 is unlikely, since they (unlike the metal side of the tanker) absorb shock well, and the strength of synthetic fabrics is higher than that of steel.

Upon arrival at the port of destination, the discharge of funds begins. In this case, two options are possible: a shallow port and a deep-sea port.

For unloading in a shallow port, the draft of the towed means is first reduced, for which the operator opens the valve 14. Water between the shells 1 and 3 leaves through the etching valve 15. Then the means is towed to the berth. The operator connects the flexible hose to the nozzle of valve 8, opens it and begins to receive fuel or other liquid in the storage on the shore. Fuel goes by gravity, because the pressure of the gas bubble between the shells 1 and 3 compresses the shell of the tank 1. Then, a water supply hose is connected to the valve pipe 9, the valve 9 opens and water from the coastline (or from the fire line of the tugboat) is supplied under pressure to the space between the shells 1 and 3 . The pressure between the shells 1 and 3 is controlled by a pressure gauge. Fuel or other liquid cargo is pumped out until the container shell 1 is completely compressed.

In the case of a deep sea port, it is possible to pump out fuel or other liquid cargo from a facility under water. To do this, the operator connects the flexible hose to the valve 8 and opens it. Then a water hose is connected to the valve pipe 9 and the valve opens (the water supply valve on the coastal pipeline is still closed). After that, the operator slightly opens the valve 10 and the air from the air bubble between the shells 1 and 3 begins to exit. Means for transporting liquid cargo acquires negative buoyancy and sinks to the ground. Next, the coastal line valve opens and water is supplied into the space between the shells 1 and 3. A small part of the water will flow through the ajar valve 10, but the pressure between the shells 1 and 3 will remain and fuel or other fuel will flow through the hose connected to the valve 8 nozzle. liquid in onshore storage. (It is possible to directly refuel nearby vessels through a hose connected to valve 8.) To stop the fuel supply, the coastal water main is closed and the pressure between shells 1 and 3 drops to the outboard.

The tool can remain on the ground for a long time and act as a fuel storage, while it will not interfere with other vessels.

To raise the product from the water, a hose is connected to the valve nozzle 8 and air is supplied from the coastal main of the VVD (or from a separate cylinder with the VVD). The volume under the shell 1 acquires positive buoyancy and the whole tool pops up. After that, the operator enters the wheelhouse 6, closes valves 8, 9 and 10, disconnects all hoses. Then opens the valve 14, and compressed air blows the volume between the shells 1 and 3. At the same time, the operator opens the valve 8, and the air leaves the container under the shell 1. The shell 1 is compressed, the valve 14 closes the operator. By turning the valve 13, the operator opens Kingston 11. After that, the crane slings are started, the product rises from the water and the water between the shells 1 and 3 begins to flow through Kingston. An empty product is compressed and lowered to the shore. All valves in the wheelhouse 6 are closed. Means for transporting liquid cargo is ready for long-term storage on shore.

According to the authors, in such soft constructions it is possible to safely transport from 100 to 2000 m ^{3 of} oil products. Small funds are transported by rivers, large - by the seas and oceans. It is possible to tow several vehicles in one tugboat.

Claims (2)

1. A means for transporting liquid cargo made of high-strength synthetic fabrics and taking a good streamlined shape due to excess water pressure inside it, equipped with a solid ballast and an etching valve, characterized in that a second soft sealed container is installed inside the first soft sealed container filled with water a container made of high-strength synthetic fabrics and designed to store liquid cargo. 2. The means for transporting liquid cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that a kingston with a pneumatic drive is installed in the lower part of the first soft container, and a rigid cabin is installed in the upper part, in which cylinders with high pressure air and shut-off valves for receiving and pumping are placed liquid cargo from the second soft container, as well as for receiving and removing water and air from the space between the first and second containers.