RU2379873C1 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit consists of case with upper and lower apertures for distributing loose material. A funnel with gradually bent and profiled walls is installed in the upper aperture. Inside the case there is arranged a shaft with a fastened thereon reel. Recesses are made in the reel. Configuration of the mouth of the funnel and its dimensions correspond to a recess in the reel. The recess in the reel corresponds to configuration of loose material (seeds), while dimension exceeds dimension of particles of loose material (seeds) at 5-15%. Axis of the mouth is set off relative to the upper aperture along axis of the reel. A drive is made in form of a step motor secured on the case. The step motor interacts with a control block, in its turn connected with a rate sensor and control panel.

EFFECT: facilitating line seeding with arrangement of seeds at equal distance and with accurate dosing.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to apparatus for sowing seeds and other bulk materials, and can be used in various industries for dispensing bulk materials. Known sowing apparatus containing a housing with upper and lower windows for the passage of bulk materials and located inside the shaft with the drive, while on the shaft is fixed a coil for sowing seeds (AS USSR No. 1613021, A01C 7/12, from 16.01.89, published. BI No. 46 dated 12/15/90).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus are the possibility of injury to the seeds during sowing, the difficulty of setting the seeding rate.

In addition, it is impossible to sow seeds with a line with an equal distance between them with such a sowing device, which is important when sowing industrial crops and corn. And also with such a metering device (dispenser) it is impossible to accurately dispense bulk materials.

The closest in technical essence is a sowing apparatus comprising a housing with upper and lower windows for the passage of bulk materials and an inside shaft with a drive, the drive being made in the form of a stepper motor mounted on the housing and interacting with a control unit, which in turn is connected with a speed sensor and a control panel, while on the shaft a coil for seeding bulk materials is fixed (p. RF No. 2263436, A01C 7/12, dated 05.01.2004, publ. BI No. 31, 10.11.2005 - prototype).

This sowing device does not injure the seeds during sowing, the sowing rate is easily established on it.

But such a sowing apparatus does not allow precise sowing in a row with an equal distance between the seeds. The objective of the invention is the creation of a sowing apparatus that allows for precise lowercase sowing with placement of seeds at an equal distance from each other.

Such sowing is necessary when sowing industrial crops, as well as vegetable, flower, corn and sunflower seeds.

In addition, it allows precise dosing of bulk materials. The problem is solved by a metering device containing a housing with upper and lower windows for the passage of bulk materials and located inside the shaft with the drive, and the drive is made in the form of a stepper motor mounted on the housing, and interacts with the control unit, which in turn is connected to a speed sensor and a control panel, while a coil for seeding bulk materials is fixed on the shaft, according to the invention, a funnel is made in the upper window, the neck of which, with its configuration and size, corresponds to the choice ke in the coil, and the sample in the coil corresponds to the configuration of particles of bulk material (seeds), and its size is 5-15% larger than the size of bulk material (seeds), while the axis of the neck is offset relative to the axis of the upper window, along the axis of the coil, and the funnel wall smoothly curved, profiled.

Analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allows you to highlight the features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known did not reveal solutions whose features coincide with the distinguishing features of the proposed solution, which meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 and Fig.2 placed a schematic drawing of a General view of the device; figure 3 - electrical connection of the drive with the control unit, speed sensor and control panel; figure 4 - coil with sampling; figure 5 - various configuration options for samples on the coil; 6 is a schematic drawing of a funnel (top view).

The sowing apparatus consists of a housing 1, in which the upper 2 and lower 3 windows are made for the passage of bulk materials (figure 1, figure 2).

Inside the housing 1 passes the shaft 4 of the drive 5. With significant dimensions of the sowing apparatus, the shaft 4 of the coil is installed, connected with the shaft of the drive. The drive 5 is made in the form of a stepper motor mounted on the housing 1.

The drive 5, electrically, interacts with the control unit 6, which in turn is connected to the speed sensor 7 and the control panel 8 (figure 3). A coil 9 is mounted on the shaft 4 for sowing bulk materials. In the upper window 2 is fixed a funnel 10, a neck 11, which, with its configuration and dimensions, corresponds to a sample 12 in a coil 9 (Fig. 4).

Sample 12 of the coil 9 also corresponds to the configuration of particles of bulk material (seeds).

The sizes of the neck 11 and sample 12 are 5-15% larger than the size of the seeds (bulk material). This embodiment allows seeds to be freely placed in the sample, while at the same time it does not allow more than one seed (a particle of bulk material) to be placed.

The axis 13 of the neck 11 is offset relative to the axis 14 of the upper window 2 along the axis of the coil (Fig.6). This embodiment is necessary so that the seeds (particles of bulk material) are oriented and freely pass through the neck 11 into the sample 12 of the coil 9.

In the upper window 2, the seeds (bulk material) are placed randomly, and individual particles moving along the funnel 10 (in the event that the axis 13 of the neck 11 lies on the axis 14 of the upper window 2) will pass through the neck 11 non-oriented and abut against the sample 12 of the coil 9 .

Such particles during the movement of the coil 9 will be destroyed, in addition, falling between the neck 11 and the coil 9, the particles can jam the rotation of the coil 9, which will lead to a failure of the piece delivery of bulk material and to breakage of the sowing apparatus.

Therefore, by displacing the axes 13 and 14 relative to each other along the axis of the coil 9, orientation of the flow of bulk material through the neck 11 to the sample 12 of the coil 9 is achieved. Particles of the material slide along the smoothly curved and profiled walls of the funnel 10 and orientally enter the neck 11 and the sample 12 of the coil 9. In the coil 9, samples of various configurations and sizes are made (Fig. 5), and the coil 9 on the shaft 4 is mounted, for example, on spline joints, which allows installing, against the neck 11, various sizes and configurations and sampling 12 when dosing bulk materials with different configurations and sizes.

The neck 11 can be made movable, which allows you to adjust its size and configuration.

The metering device operates as follows.

Seeds (bulk material) are poured into a hopper (not shown). Through the upper window 2, the seeds enter the funnel 10, where they will be placed on smoothly curved and profiled walls. And since the neck 11 is made in a configuration corresponding to the configuration of the seed, and its size exceeds by 5-15% its size, and the axis 13 of the neck 11 is offset relative to the axis 14 of the upper window 2, the seeds are distributed along the smoothly profiled and curved walls in funnel 10, and one seed will arrive, oriented, to coil 9.

Coil 9 is set by the necessary selection, the appropriate configuration, and is 5-15% larger than the size of the seed.

On the control panel 8 sets the required seeding rate. When the seeder moves across the field (not shown), the signal from the speed sensor 7 will go to the control unit 6.

The control unit 6 simultaneously with the signal from the speed sensor 7 receives a signal from the control panel 8, which are summed. The control unit 6 will give a signal to the drive 5 (stepper motor), the shaft 4 of which will begin to oscillate with the corresponding frequency.

And since the coil 9 is fixed on the shaft 4, it will oscillate, being set by sampling 12, then against the neck 11 of the funnel 10, then against the window 3, sowing one seed in a row with a given distance between them.

When changing the speed of the seeder (not shown), the signal from the speed sensor 7 will go to the control unit 6, changing the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the shaft 4 and the drive 5. And since the coil 9 is mounted on the shaft 4, it will also change the frequency of the reciprocating movement, maintaining a given seeding rate and distance between seeds.

Thus, the proposed metering apparatus allows for precise line sowing with the placement of seeds at an equal distance from each other, and also allows for accurate dosing of bulk materials.

Claims (1)

A metering apparatus comprising a housing with upper and lower windows for the passage of bulk materials and an inside shaft with a drive, the drive being made in the form of a stepper motor mounted on the housing and interacting with a control unit, which in turn is connected to a speed sensor and a control panel wherein a coil for seeding bulk materials is fixed on the shaft, characterized in that a funnel is made in the upper window, the neck of which corresponds to the sample in the coil with its configuration and dimensions, and in the coil, it corresponds to the configuration of particles of bulk material (seeds), and the size is 5-15% larger than the size of bulk material (seeds), while the axis of the neck is offset relative to the axis of the upper window along the axis of the coil, and the walls of the funnel are smoothly curved and profiled.

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