RU2379592C1 - Device and method for air heating of rooms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device for air heating of rooms consists of ammonia compressor, heat exchangers, heaters, operated pressure reducing valve, electric motor of air heating, reversible electric motor controlling the pressure reducing valve, thermal relay, air blowers. Ammonia outlet of ammonia compressor of ammonia heat pump is connected to inlet of ammonia-air vapour condensation heater, the outlet of which is connected to inlet of operated pressure reducing valve, the outlet of which is connected to inlet of ammonia-air boiling heater, the outlet of which is connected to inlet of ammonia compressor of ammonia heat pump. Clean ambient air intake device is connected to air-to-air heater, the outlet of which is connected to clean ambient air blower, the outlet of which is connected to air-ammonia heat exchanger, the outlet of which is connected to outlet of heated air nozzle. Air intake device of rooms is connected to air blower of room air, the outlet of which is connected to air-to-air heat exchanger, the outlet of which is connected to inlet of air-ammonia heat exchanger, the outlet of which is connected to outlet of cooled air nozzle. Temperature relay installed in ambient air is connected to reversible electric motor controlling the pressure reducing valve. Temperature relay installed in room air is connected to electric motor of air heating. Electric motor of air heating, ammonia compressor, clean ambient air blower, room air blower - they are all installed on one shaft. There also described is method of air heating of rooms.

EFFECT: supply of environmentally safe heat to rooms and economy of electric energy.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, and in particular to the field of energy saving when heating rooms and providing premises with clean air.

Heating systems are known: liquid, in which heat from boiler houses enters the premises using water, or other non-freezing liquids (antifreeze, alcohol-glycerin mixtures, etc.), air heating systems in which the air of the premises is heated by electric current.

The closest analogue of the invention can be various electric heaters for air heating of premises that are on sale.

A common drawback of such devices is energy consumption and difficulties, especially in large cities, with the ventilation of the premises with clean air.

Electric heating devices for air heating of premises consume electricity with losses that are caused by heat losses during the production of electricity in power plants, its transfer to the consumer and the conversion of electricity back to heat.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the electric motor of the heating system spends its energy on the drive of an ammonia heat pump (ATH), the condensation vapors of ammonia ATH, heat clean atmospheric air on the one hand, on the other hand, the boiling vapors of ammonia ATH, take away the heat of the cooled room air, this automation, regulating the operation of the motor and the pressure of liquid ammonia in the circuit ATN after a controlled pressure reducing valve (5, see figure 1), provides an outlet air temperature (see figure 1 T ' _n ), a lower temperature atmospheric air at the entrance to the intake of clean atmospheric air (see Fig. 1, 7, T ' _n ), that is, T' _n <T _n .

Under these conditions, and using an air-air radiator (see Fig. 1, 9) and an air-air heat exchanger (see Fig. 1, 15), atmospheric air is not heated due to the condensation heat NH ₃ . The atmospheric air is heated from a temperature of T _n to a temperature of T _min - 10 ° C due to the heat of the rooms at any negative outside temperature. Energy saving with such an air heating system is determined by the value of the ATH heat production coefficient (β).

Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of the invention "Device and method for air heating of premises", where:

1 - electric motor for air heating

2 - ammonia compressor of ammonia heat pump (ATN)

3 - ammonia-air condensation condenser NH ₃

4 - receiver (collector) of liquid NH ₃ in the ATH circuit

5 - controlled pressure reducing valve

6 - ammonia-air radiator boiling NH ₃

7 - intake of clean atmospheric air

8 - air duct

9 - air-air radiator

10 - blower of clean atmospheric air

11 - ammonia-air heat exchanger for heating atmospheric air

12 - outlet nozzle of heated air

13 - indoor air intake

14 - indoor air blower

15 - air-air heat exchanger

16 - air-ammonia heat exchanger

17 - the outlet nozzle of the cooled air of the premises

18 - reversible electric motor for reducing valve control (5)

19 - thermal relay installed in atmospheric air and connected to a reversible electric motor (18)

20 - thermal relay installed in indoor air and connected to an air heating electric motor (1)

21 - premises

Figure 2 shows the thermodynamic cycle of the ATN, where in the coordinates TC = f (S) the absolute temperature in (K) of the entropy function

Line a-k - line of the beginning of boiling NH ₃

Point “k '” - point of critical parameters NH ₃

(T _k = 405.3K; P _k = 115

Line KB - line end boiling NH ₃

Line 1'-2 '- adiabat of vapor compression NH ₃

Line 2'-3 '- isotherm (isobar) of NH ₃ vapor condensation

Line 3'-4 '- isobar cooling liquid NH ₃

Line 4'-5 '- adiabat throttling liquid NH ₃

Line 5'-1 '- isotherm (isobar) of boiling ammonia.

The work of the invention "Device and method for air heating of premises"

We accept the conditions for heating the premises:

T _max = 295K - maximum room temperature + 22 ° C,

T _min = 290K - the minimum room temperature + 17 ° C.

что соответствует температуре кипения аммиака в аммиачно-воздушном радиаторе (6) Т'₅=Т'₁=250К (-23°С).The thermal relay (20) at T _max = 295K turns off the air heating motor (1), and at T _min = 290K it turns on the air heating motor. We take the temperature of atmospheric air T _n = 260K (-13 ° C), in this case, the thermal relay (19), controlling the reversing electric motor (18), sets the ammonia pressure after the controlled pressure reducing valve (5)

which corresponds to the boiling point of ammonia in an ammonia-air radiator (6) T ' ₅ = T' ₁ = 250K (-23 ° C).

и производим элементарный термодинамический расчет АТН в удельных параметрах с использованием экспериментальных таблиц по аммиаку, изложенных в таблице 29 стр.235 «Сборника задач по технической термодинамике», 1981 года, Энергоиздат, авторы: Т.Н.Андрианова, Б.В.Дзампов, В.Н.Зубарев, С.А.Ремизов под названием: «Свойства насыщенного пара аммиака».We take the condensation temperature of ammonia in an ammonia-air radiator (3) T ' ₂ = T' ₃ = 305K (+ 32 ° C)

and we perform the elementary thermodynamic calculation of ATN in specific parameters using the experimental tables on ammonia, set forth in table 29, page 235 of the Collection of Problems in Technical Thermodynamics, 1981, Energoizdat, authors: T.N. Andrianova, B.V. Dzampov, VN Zubarev, S. A. Remizov under the title: “Properties of saturated ammonia vapor”.

For air, we take the specific heat at constant pressure

Q ₃₀₅ is the condensation heat of NH ₃ vapor in an ammonia-air radiator (3).

See FIG. 2

T ' ₄ = 290K;

S ' ₂ - point entropy

S ' ₃ - point entropy

S ' ₄ - point entropy

ΔQ ₂ is the cooling heat of NH ₃ from T ' ₃ = 305K to T' ₄ = 290K.

ΣQ ₂ - total heat of condensation and cooling NH ₃

- тепло кипения аммиака в аммиачно-воздушном радиаторе (6).

- the heat of boiling of ammonia in an ammonia-air radiator (6).

Q _ak - heat equivalent to the power required to drive the ATN ammonia compressor

β is the heat transfer coefficient of ATN

G _in - second air consumption.

Based on the law of conservation of energy

G _in C _pb (T _max −T ₁ ) = ΣQ ₂ ;

Based on the law of conservation of mass

Атмосферный воздух входит в систему воздушного отопления с Т_н=260К, а выходит из системы воздушного отопления с Т'_н=257,67К.

Atmospheric air enters the air heating system with T _n = 260K, and exits the air heating system with T _n = 257.67K.

That is, the use of ATN in an air heating system allows the use of atmospheric air heat for heating purposes.

Экономия энергии при воздушном отоплении помещений с использованием энергии и аммиачного теплового насоса составляет:Efficiency of electricity production η _e = 0.35. In this case, the cost of heat for electricity production is

Energy saving during air heating of premises using energy and an ammonia heat pump is:

что по отношению

составляет экономию топлива 96%. Закон сохранения энергии выполняется.

what in relation

accounts for 96% fuel economy. The law of conservation of energy is fulfilled.

Claims (2)

1. The device for air heating of premises, consisting of an ammonia compressor, heat exchangers, radiators, a controlled pressure reducing valve, an air heating electric motor, a reversing electric motor controlling a pressure reducing valve, thermal relays, blowers, characterized in that the ammonia output from the ammonia compressor of the ammonia heat pump (2) connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air radiator of vapor condensation NH ₃ (3), the output of which is connected to the entrance to the controlled pressure reducing valve (5), the output of which is connected n with an entrance to the ammonia-air boiling radiator NH ₃ (6), the exit of which is connected to the entrance to the ammonia compressor of an ammonia heat pump (2); further, a clean atmospheric air intake (7) is connected to an air-air radiator (9), the output of which is connected to a clean air blower (10), the output of which is connected to an air-ammonia heat exchanger (11), the output of which is connected to an output nozzle heated air (12), further, the indoor air intake (13) is connected to the indoor air blower (14), the outlet of which is connected to the air-air heat exchanger (15), the outlet of which is connected to the entrance to the air-ammonia heat exchanger (16) the exit from which is associated with you one nozzle of chilled air (17), further, a thermal relay (19) installed in atmospheric air is connected to a reversible electric motor (18) for controlling a pressure reducing valve (5), further, a thermal relay (20) installed in indoor air is connected with air heating electric motor (1), air heating electric motor (1), ammonia compressor (2), fresh air blower (10), indoor air blower (14) - all are installed on one shaft. 2. The method of air heating of premises, which consists in the fact that for heating purposes, an air heating electric motor is used, which uses its power to drive an ammonia heat pump, which extracts heat from the cooled air at an absolute temperature of T ₂ = T _H + 10 ° C and at using an ammonia compressor increases the air temperature to T ' ₂ = 305K, which in the case when T _n = 260K (-13 ° C), the heat transfer coefficient of the ammonia heat pump is b = 5.6 and fuel economy is 96%, thermal relay (20) established e in the indoor air, turns on the air heating motor at room temperature T _min = 290K (+ 17 ° C) and turns off the room heating motor at room temperature T _max = 295K (+ 22 ° C), and the thermal relay (19) always sets ( P ' ₁ = P' ₅ ) the ammonia pressure at the outlet of the controlled pressure reducing valve (5) P ' ₁ = F (T' ₁ ) such that (T ' ₁ <T _H ) the boiling point of ammonia in an ammonia-air radiator (6 ) T ' ₁ has always been lower than the temperature of the air by 10 ° C.

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