RU2379207C2 - Method to brake cars on double incline manual braking positions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method of braking cars on double inclines that comprise manual braking position with brake shoes arranged on first rail and controlled car decelerator (3) arranged on second rail consists in braking cars with the help of car decelerator with extra weight and braking shoes mounted in car decelerator section, using total braking power of said decelerator. Braking power of car decelerator (3) is calculated proceeding from car braking with no extra weight of 70 ton-force to 1.4 m/s allowing the wheels to run at 11.25 ton-force on braking shoes, and car decelerator braking force acting on second wheel.

EFFECT: no skidding, or slides on car wheels; reduced rated braking power, higher safety.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of railway transport and relates to the braking of cars at the manual brake positions of sorting hills, mainly low-power slides.

There is a method of braking cars in manual brake positions, consisting of a segment of one thread of a rail track with a brake shoe and a shoe-ejector at the end and an adjacent platform along which the speed controller of the cars moves, characterized in that the regulator brakes all the cars with hand brake shoes , which a fork imposes on the nearest rail track, one wheel of the wheelset rolls onto the brake shoe, the wheelset becomes jammed, stops rotating, and the second the forest goes by, the brake shoe is pushed out from under the wheel on the shoe-ejector and is thrown off the rail, and the regulator chooses the length of the brake harness for each weight category of wagons based on the calculation of their kinetic energy up to the calculated value.

The method for braking cars in manual brake positions is described in the books: [1] Savchenko IE, Zemblinov SV, Strakovsky NN Railway stations and nodes. M .: Transzheldorizdat, 1980. - 479 p., Pp. 224, 226, 227, 229. [2] Zemblikov S.V. and Strakovsky N.N. Stations and nodes. M .: Transzheldorizdat, 1963. - 348 pp., Pp. 201, 204, 210, 212. [3] Rules and norms for designing sorting devices on 1520 mm gauge railways. MPS, 2003 - 169 p., Pp. 10, 14, 25, 52, 61, 62.

There is also a known method of braking cars in manual brake positions and a device for its implementation (RU 2202489 C2, 04/20/2003). The invention includes a manual brake position with brake shoes located on one rail track and a single-beam brake device on a second rail track located on the inside of the second rail track and bolted to it with less than a gap between the brake beam and the rail head the thickness of the wheel flange, characterized in that all the cars are simultaneously braked using brake shoes on the manual brake position and on the brake device using a brake beam, It indicates that the wheelsets braked by the brake shoe are rotated by the braking force of the single-beam brake device.

The disadvantage of this method and device is that the single-beam brake device does not meet the current level of technology - ensuring safety, and does not meet the design requirements of beam braking devices (car retarders, which are designed according to GOST two-beam ([1], pp. 224-226), covering the wheels from two sides when braking and holding them on the running rail.The single-beam brake device used in the invention creates the conditions for squeezing the wagon wheels above the rail head, as a result the derailment of the wheels from the rails is also inevitable. This is also facilitated by the presence of peaked rolls on the wheel flanges (see "Rules for the Technical Operation of the Railways of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Railways, 2003, p. 89). In addition, since the proposed beam braking device is not controllable and therefore, it is constantly in the brake position, then light-weight cars will stop on it, which, according to the technology conditions, must pass to the calculated point without braking (see [3], p. 44), which is associated with stopping the dissolution of the train, driving the locomotive to the manual brake position and upsetting such cars, this sorting slide operation technology is unacceptable [3].

If the braking moment of the moderator is designed to spin the pair of a light carriage braked by the shoe, then the cars of all other weight categories will be braked with a skid without turning the wheel braked by the brake shoe. From these positions, this invention does not completely solve the problem of idle-free braking of cars on the manual brake positions of sorting hills.

Thus, the known invention creates a significant negative result, which does not meet the inventive level of technology and the Federal Law "On Federal Railway Transport" dated 08/30/1995 in terms of ensuring the safety of train traffic. In this regard, this invention is not taken as a prototype.

Inventions are also known (SU 998196 A1 from 02.28.1983, RU 2270773 from 02.27.2006 and SU 1498662 A1 from 08.07.1989). The device of car moderators, the purpose of which is to improve the design of car moderators, and not methods of braking cars in manual brake positions. Their use completely eliminates shoe braking and turns them into mechanized brake positions. In this case, the manual brake position with shoe braking completely disappears. Therefore, the above known inventions, despite their manual control, are also not taken as a prototype.

The known devices of car moderators (SU 998196 A1 of 02.28.1983 and SU 1498662 A1 of 08.08.1989) provide braking for all cars, and therefore they do not need the help of a shoe brake position and their use completely replaces the manual brake position turning it into a mechanized one, independent of its control systems (see [3], p. 10).

In connection with the foregoing, a prototype of the present invention adopted the method of shoe braking of cars on the manual brake positions of sorting slides.

The disadvantage of this method is that almost all the cars in the manual brake positions are skidded (Fig. 1a) and as a result they get damaged in the form of sliders (Fig. 1b) on the wheels of the cars, which in the process of movement in trains increase (deepen) on the wheels carriages formed potholes, the front faces of which strike (Fig. 1c) on the rails and disable them, turning them into defective ones. The resulting sliders on the sorting slides are also one of the reasons for jamming of wheelsets during braking of trains. In addition, during shoe braking of wagons, there remains a high laboriousness and labor hazard of the speed controllers of the cut-offs, who are constantly in the danger zone of the wagons when overlapping brake shoes and track junctions, as well as low safety of shunting in manual brake positions due to instability of braking of wagons (jamming and welding to the rail of brake shoes and vanes).

In the present invention, these disadvantages are completely eliminated.

The technical result of the proposed invention is that when shoe braking of cars on the manual brake positions of the sorting slides is completely eliminated by the wheels of the cars and the further formation of sliders and bumps and rail damage during the movement of trains, the vanes are completely eliminated, the braking power of the car moderator is significantly reduced - clamping, and pressing the brake tires on the wheels of the wagons and their wear during operation, as well as reduce the danger and labor intensity of the traffic controllers spine cars motion for unconditional implementation of Security shunting operations.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that at the manual brake position separate and combined modes of braking of cars are used, characterized in that cars with a weight of, for example, up to 70 tc are braked only on a car moderator, and cars with a weight of more than 70 tc are braked together at a manual brake position with a car a moderator with full use of its power, and the braking power of a car moderator is calculated based on the braking of a car weighing 70 tc and it is checked for the possibility of turning a wheel pair braked by shoe, and the braking power of the manual brake position with brake shoes is checked for the possibility of braking a car weighing 90 tc along the length of the brake shoe length equal to the length of the car moderator.

The application of the proposed method for braking cars at the manual brake positions of sorting slides of predominantly low power is explained by the fact that the intensity of these brake positions is low and replacing them with mechanized brake positions using brake means used on medium, large and high power slides is not practical due to their high cost and long implementation time.

Figure 1 shows the movement of the wheel with the use of (a), the process of forming a slider (pothole) on the wheel (b), the scheme of striking the front edge of the pothole on the wheel along the rails during the movement of the train on the stage.

Figure 2 presents the diagram of the manual brake position with the placement on the first thread of the rail track of the manual brake position with brake shoes, and on the second thread of the rail track of the brake position with a controlled car moderator (top view).

Figure 3 shows a controlled car retarder-clamp (section A - A).

Figure 4 - diagram of the impact on the wheel pair of braking forces when braking it on the car retarder-clamp and using brake shoes.

On the second thread of the rail gauge (FIGS. 2, 3) (from finding the adjuster 2 of the carriage speed) of the manual brake position, a controllable, for example, car retarder clamp 3 (patent No. 2270773 warhead No. 2006 of 2006) is placed from the sorting slide from shoe ejector 4 brake shoes located on the first running rail 5 at the end of the brake position. The manual drive 6 for controlling the car retarder-clamp is output to each intersection where the adjuster 2 is located and place it at the beginning of the brake position. In the presence of a mechanical drive 7, for example a switch drive, the control panel 8 is also placed in each intersection of tracks served by one traffic controller, or equipped with a portable radio remote control with the ability to control all car moderators-clamps from each intersection.

The application of the proposed method for braking cars at the manual brake positions of sorting slides of predominantly low power is explained by the fact that the intensity of these brake positions is low and the use of modern mechanized means used on slides of medium, high and high power is impractical because of their high cost and long implementation time.

The application of the proposed braking method is associated with the need to significantly reduce (almost twice) the braking power of the car retarder-clamp, and the use of the car retarder-clamp is due to the simplification of the manual braking position, as well as the need to create additional braking torque for repeatedly turning the wheelset braked by the brake shoe.

The braking power of the car retarder-clamp is calculated based on the possibility of repaying speed, for example, a good runner (CB) weighing q _in = 70 ts with an initial speed V _n = 3.5 m / s of entrance to the retarder-clamp and the final V _k = 1, 4 m / s when exiting the retarder-clamp. Then the work of the braking forces (braking power) of the retarder-clamp will be:

изменение кинетической энергии вагона массой m при изменении его скорости от V_н до V_к, тс·м,Where

the change in the kinetic energy of a car of mass m with a change in its speed from V _n to V _k, tf · m,

g 'is the acceleration of gravity of the car, m / s ² .

Hence, the braking force acting on the wagon trolley is:

,

,

where l _rz - the working length of the brake beams 11 of the retarder-clamp 3 (figure 3), m;

2 - the number of carts passing the retarder-clamp.

The total braking power of the manual braking position with shoe braking and the car moderator is calculated based on the joint braking of the car weighing, for example, q _c = 90 tc with the possibility of reducing its speed from V = 4.5 m / s to V = 1.4 m / s, then the total braking power of the manual braking position will be:

In the present invention, joint braking of cars weighing more than 70 tc is used in the braking position with the car moderator using its full power equal to A ₁ = 36.75 tf and on the manual braking position with shoe braking with a power of 74.5-36.75 = 37.75 tf · m. As a result, the main part of the cars arriving at the manual braking position is braked on the car moderator, and a significantly smaller part of the cars weighing more than 70 tf are braked at the manual braking position with shoe braking, which significantly reduces the labor costs of the car speed controllers.

To implement the possibility of turning the wheel 12 on the brake shoe 13 (figure 4), the following conditions must be met:

F _tn (Rh)> F _tbqR ,

where h is the height of the brake beam 11 of the car retarder-clamp above the level of the rail head 1, cm;

R is the radius of the wheel, cm;

где q_к - нагрузка на тормозной башмак одного колеса вагона, тc; µ_н - коэффициент трения между тормозным башмаком и рельсом, колесом и колодкой тормозного башмака);F _tbk - brake force acting on the wheel from the brake shoe, tc

where q _to - load on the brake shoe of one wheel of the car, tc; µ _n - coefficient of friction between the brake shoe and rail, wheel and brake shoe shoe);

F _tf - braking force acting on the second wheel of the wheelset from the car retarder-clamp, tf.

Taking F _tc = 1.8 tc, R = 48 cm, h = 10 cm, q _k = 11.25 tc, F _tbc = 0.26 tc, creeping: 1.8 (48-10)> 0.26 48 or 68.4> 12.48, which confirms the possibility of turning the wheel 12 on the brake shoe 13.

The required power of the manual brake position with shoe braking is checked according to the condition:

,

,

where l ₃ - the working length of the moderator, m;

q _in - the weight of the car, tf;

4 - the number of axles of the car;

2 - number of brake shoes placed under the wheels of one car;

µ is the braking coefficient.

Taking A ₂ = 74,5 · m ts, A ₁ = 36.75 · m ts, q ₌ 90 tf, l = 10 m _3, μ = 0,15, we obtain:

Or 37.75 <67.5, which confirms the fulfillment of the condition - the power of the manual brake position with shoe braking is sufficient to brake the car weighing 90 tf after braking it on the car moderator.

Before the dissolution of the train, the wagon speed controller pre-places the brake shoes along the shelf 15.

The method works as follows.

Before the dissolution of the train, the wagon speed controller 2 on the full-scale sheet familiarizes himself with the structure of the wagons in the train and, taking into account their weight, divides them into two groups: the first includes wagons weighing, for example, up to 70 tf, which must be braked only with the help of a car retarder , in the second - cars weighing more than 70 tf, which must be braked together with the help of a car retarder-clamp and brake shoes.

In the first case, the regulator 2 of the speed of movement of the car brakes only with the help of the car moderator-clamp 3 (Fig.2.3). To do this, the regulator from his workplace, located in a safe zone, in advance of each car weighing up to 70 tf with a manual drive 6 or from the console 8 puts the car retarder-clamp in the brake position, as a result - its brake beams 11 are brought together. When the car enters the retarder-clamp of the wheel, the brake beams are opened, acting through the levers 10 on the springs 9. As a result, braking force is created. When reducing the speed of the car to a predetermined value, the regulator with a manual drive 6 or from the remote control 8 puts the car retarder-clamp in the non-brake position.

In the second case, when cars weighing more than 70 tf arrive, the wagon speed regulator brakes using the wagon retarder-clamp, using its full braking power, and brake shoes 13. In this case, the regulator, as in the first case, sets the wagon retarder-clamp in advance in the brake position, then takes the pre-prepared brake shoes with a fork from the shelf 15 and puts them on the first rail 5 of the manual brake position in the alignment of the car retarder-clamp to avoid skidding and taking into account the reduction in speed unhook grow to a predetermined value on the segment path to bashmakosbrasyvatelya 4, the wheel 12 located on the brake shoes 13 are rotated under the action of the braking force wagon retarder-clamp 14 on the second wheel of the wheelset inhibited (Figure 4). In addition, with separate braking, the regulator has the ability to control from the console 8 all the car moderators-clamps equipped with a mechanical drive 7 without crossing paths that are in the service of the regulator.

The economic efficiency of the proposed method is due to the reduction of costs associated with the repair of wagons, tracks, and increase the transportation work of railways. In addition, the present invention improves the safety of train traffic and significantly reduces labor costs, increases the safety of traffic controllers of the speed of movement of cars.

Claims (1)

A method for braking cars at manual brake positions of sorting slides, including a manual brake position with brake shoes located on the first running rail and a controlled car moderator located on the second running rail, characterized in that the braking power of the car moderator is calculated based on the braking of cars without overloading by weight 70 tf to a speed of 1.4 m / s with the possibility of turning wheels with a load of 11.25 tf located on the brake shoes, under the influence of the braking force of the wagon eating on the second wheel during joint braking of cars with overload on the car moderator and using brake shoes, using its full braking power, while the brake shoes are placed in the alignment of the car moderator.

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