RU2377765C1 - Solution for generation of warm artificial fogs and lower level cloud cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to active impacts onto hydrometeorological processes intended to provide for generation of warm artificial fogs and lower level cloud cover and is to be implemented in agriculture. The proposed solution consists of 50% carbamide and 50% water. Saturated water solution of carbamide is prepared at the temperature of water heated to 60-70°C, at a relative air humidity not less than 60% and is mixed by way of recirculation. For the proposed solution dispersion gas thermal generators are used. An air stream, over-saturated with water steam and containing a large quantity of carbamide condensation nuclei that are generated during combustion of fuel in TDA-M and TMS-65 machines, is discharged into the atmosphere where it undergoes condensation generating stable artificial fog (lower level cloud cover). A patch of fog (lower level cloud cove) may be generated in the direction of travel of vehicles equipped with a gas thermal generator.

EFFECT: proposed invention serves for protection of plants against frosts, dispersion of fog in airfields and struggle against air pollution as well as for generation of artificial rain from warm lower level clouds and performance of plant foliar dressing within large-scale areas.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of active effects on hydrometeorological processes, is intended to create warm artificial fogs and clouds of the lower tier, and can be used in agriculture to protect plants from frost, dispersion of fog in airfields and to combat air pollution.

The duration of dangerous frosts with decreasing temperature to minus 2-3 ° C (the minimum value to minus 5 ° C) rarely exceeds 2.5 hours. An increase in temperature by 2.5-3.0 ° C practically ensures the preservation of crops. To create the necessary thermal effect over large areas and a direct increase in temperature by this value is associated with significant energy and material costs.

Currently, there are various ways to combat frost - smoke of plants by burning various chemical compounds or the most common method of fumigation by burning smoke piles [1-5].

Recently, an irrigation and sprinkling method has been used to protect plants from frost. The main idea of this method is to additionally moisten the soil, which leads to an increase in its thermal conductivity and to a slowdown of night cooling of the surface air layer. At the same time, such effects of irrigation as air humidification and condensation of water vapor play an additional role.

The fog obtained from the proposed solution will make it more expedient to combat night-time cooling of the surface air layer by creating an artificial fog that prevents cooling. In the presence of fog, the earth's surface ceases to cool due to the cessation of radiation (radiation balance becomes equal to zero). The radiated surface is shifted to the upper boundary of the fog, and even a slight increase in temperature occurs between the lower boundary of the fog and the earth's surface as a result of the destruction of the surface temperature inversion observed at night.

Known fogging compositions for creating artificial aerosol formations in the form of fog, including chemical compounds: potassium perchlorate, sodium chloride, lithium carbonate, magnesium, soot; red phosphorus, permanganates, peroxides, ammonium compounds, nitrates and bicarbonate [1-5].

However, the disadvantage of these compositions is that they are multicomponent and when dispersed there is not enough water vapor necessary for the rapid creation of fog or cloudiness of the lower tier over large areas. In addition, some compounds are toxic and their cost is quite high.

The aim of the invention is to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere and the creation of artificial condensation nuclei.

The problem solved by this invention is the creation of a fairly cheap, effective and non-toxic solution for influencing hydrometeorological processes for national economic purposes.

This is achieved by using the proposed solution with thermal generators: TDA-M machine and TMS-65 thermal machine. An air stream saturated with water vapor containing a large number of condensation nuclei generated during fuel combustion in TDA-M and TMS-65 machines is released into the atmosphere, where it condenses, forming a stable fog due to the presence of urea (low clouds) [6 -7].

The proposed solution for creating warm mists and clouds of the lower tier contains 50% urea (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO and 50% water (H ₂ O).

An aqueous urea solution is prepared immediately before use in the ARS-15 auto-filling station. To prepare a saturated urea solution, the water in the ARS-15 tank is heated to 60-70 ° C with a special heating device and mixed with a pump [8].

The specified solution has an advantage over those known by the dispersion method, by the stability of nucleation nuclei, by efficiency and toxicity, by the useful heat flow rate for heating, boiling and subsequent evaporation.

The proposed solution differs from the known compositions and solutions in that it contains one urea compound in its composition, thereby achieving a large yield of active particles for nucleophilic condensation, and is a fertilizer.

World urea production is 44 million tons / year [9].

The proposed aqueous urea solution can also be used to induce artificial rain from the warm clouds of the lower tier and for foliar feeding of agricultural plants over large areas.

Experimental data on the dynamics of the development of artificial fog from a 50% aqueous urea solution when dispersed using a TDA-M machine are presented in figures 1-4.

Example 1. Poured 50 l of water into the tank of the filling station ARS-15 and heated it to 60 ° C. Poured 50 kg of urea and mixed using a pump of special equipment until complete dissolution. Then, the prepared solution was pumped into the tank of the TDA-M machine. After sublimating the solution for 3 minutes at an air humidity of 60%, a wind speed of 1.5 m / s, and a flow rate of 350 kg / h, fog was observed with a length of aerosol formation of 500 m, a height of 40-50 m and a width of up to 50 m.

Example 2. Poured 50 l of water into the tank of the filling station ARS-15 and heated it to 70 ° C. Poured 50 kg of urea and mixed using a pump of special equipment until complete dissolution. Then, the prepared solution was pumped into the tank of the TDA-M machine. After sublimating the solution for 5 min with an air humidity of 85%, a wind speed of 2.0 m / s and a solution flow rate of 350 kg / h, fog was observed with an aerosol formation length of 800 m, a height of 40-50 m and a width of up to 50 m.

Example 3. Poured 50 l of water into the tank of the filling station ARS-15 and heated it to 70 ° C. Poured 50 kg of urea and mixed using a pump of special equipment until complete dissolution. Then, the prepared solution was pumped into the tank of the TDA-M machine. After sublimating the solution for 15 min at a humidity of 90%, a wind speed of 2.0 m / s, and a flow rate of 400 kg / h, fog was observed with an aerosol formation length of 2800-3000 m, a height of 40-50 m and a width of up to 50 m. artificial fog as it moved away from the TDA-M machine expanded and sat on the underlying surface. After the TDA-M was finished, artificial fog existed for up to 30 minutes.

Information sources

1. Patent 1008575 Great Britain, IPC S06D 3/00. Fog-forming compound. Publ. 10.27.65.

2. UK patent 1008576, IPC S06D 3/00. Smoke-forming composition. Publ. 10.27.65.

3. UK patent 1351594, IPC S06D 3/00. Fog-forming compound. Publ. 05/01/74.

4. A.S. 383323 USSR, IPC E01H 13/00. A way to deal with fogs. Publ. 05/23/73.

5. Israel Yu.A., Tsyban A.V. Problems of monitoring the environmental effects of ocean pollution. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981. - 328 p.

6. Smoke machine TDA-M. Technical description and operating manual No. 4369. Ed. 4th. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1968 .-- 100 p.

7. Heat engine for special processing TMS-65. Technical description and operating manual No. 4023-TO. - M .: Military Publishing, 232 p.

8. Auto-filling station ARS-15. Technical description and instruction manual. - M: Military Publishing House, 1983 .-- 267 p.

9. Chemical encyclopedic dictionary. Ed. I.L. Knunyantsa. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983. - P.242.

Claims (1)

A solution for creating warm artificial fogs and clouds of the lower tier, characterized in that a saturated aqueous urea solution heated to 60-70 ° C is used at a relative humidity of at least 60% with the possibility of the formation of artificial finely divided condensation nuclei of dense, stable fog.

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