RU2374742C2 - Electric propulsion for converting electric energy into linear traction force - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: electric propulsion consists of housing, stator and rotor with movable poles being inertial masses. Rotor poles consist of core and winding. Traction force is created with unbalanced centrifugal forces appearing at non-uniform movement of movable rotor poles installed individually along closed convex curve and interacting with magnetic field of stator. Stator has the number of pole pairs, which is equal to that of rotor, which create non-uniform magnetic field. Non-uniformity of stator magnetic field is created with different linear sizes and various number of loops of stator poles winding. The more the pole is, the more intensive magnetic field it creates in its section. Poles are located along the stator perimetre with gradual decrease of their size, from maximum pole to minimum one at diametrically opposite points of the perimetre.

EFFECT: simplifying electric propulsion design and decreasing material consumption.

3 dwg

Description

1. The technical field to which the invention relates.

The electric motor directly converts electrical energy into traction and can be used in the field of mechanical engineering. Promising areas of application of the electric motor is its use as a drive for land, surface, underwater and air transport, as well as passenger and freight elevators. The use of an electric motor for spacecraft, in view of the assumed low power per unit mass compared to modern jet engines, is limited in terms of changing the orientation of the spacecraft in space, maintaining it in a given near-Earth orbit, or to accelerate the flight of interplanetary spacecraft, when a relatively small traction force is required for a long time. The electric motor in these cases is powered by solar panels.

2. The level of technology

A device is known for converting rotation into linear traction force, in which the loads also move in a circle and form a linear traction force by passing some constant section of their trajectory with a greater linear speed, while the loads are mechanically connected to the axis of rotation and are driven in a circle with external rotation drive. Each of these cargoes is made with the possibility of mechanical forced controlled approaching the side of the adjacent cargo and moving away from it in a certain section of the trajectory (see application RU No. 2002123853/11 by Ekhina Yu.B. “Methods of converting the rotation of a rigid body into linear traction force” the method of directed imbalance ", as well as devices for using the methods and application of such devices", p. 9). Given that the drive of this device requires an external motor and gearbox, and also due to the fact that the design has great inertness and therefore low developed speeds, the pulling force available at the output is unnecessarily energy- and material-intensive.

It is known an electromechanical device containing a circular rotating rotor with circumferentially located loads that are pulled out under the action of centrifugal forces. When the rotor rotates, under the influence of the magnetic fields of the rotor and the stator, the goods are advanced and moved along the inner walls of the stator, which has an elliptical cross section. The axis of rotation of the rotor is mounted on the major axis of rotation of the elliptical figure, which creates unevenness during the movement of goods and generates linear traction force (see application RU No. 99100919/09 by Sankova B.F. and Nikiforova L.T. “Universal electromagnetic moving device in stationary and non-stationary conditions ”). This device also has a stator and rotor, however, the traction force is formed by additional weights rotating on a common axis, which leads to a heavier structure and creates significant resistance to the movement of goods along the trajectory.

The inventive electric motor does not have the above disadvantages, as it directly converts electrical energy into linear traction force. Linear traction force is the resultant of unbalanced centrifugal forces arising from the uneven movement of the moving poles of the rotor, which are carriers of inertial masses, when interacting with the magnetic field of the stator. The moving poles of the rotor move around the stator in an orbit in the form of a circle or a convex closed curve. The uneven movement of the moving poles of the rotor is expressed in the passage of a certain constant portion of the orbit with an increased linear velocity. The moving poles of the rotor move independently of each other and do not have a common axis of rotation, which allows to achieve sufficiently high speeds while reducing the mass of the poles and does not require an external drive.

3. Disclosure of invention

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the interaction of the magnetic fields of the stator and the rotor causes the moving poles of the rotor to move around the stator in an orbit having a circle shape or a closed convex curve. Since the stator poles create an uneven magnetic field, the rotor poles also move unevenly, moving in orbit with some acceleration in one section and deceleration in another section for one revolution in the orbit. As a result, unbalanced centrifugal forces arising from the uneven movement of the moving poles of the rotor form a thrust vector, which is the achievable technical result of the invention.

The electric motor consists of a housing, a stator and a rotor.

The body in cross section has the shape of a circle or a closed convex curve, is mounted on the frame of the vehicle with the possibility of rotation in two planes or with the possibility of rotation in the same plane, if the stator is mounted in the body with the possibility of rotation. The housing serves to install the stator and rotor, acts as a rotor magnetic circuit, and also takes on the action of centrifugal forces of the moving rotor poles.

The stator consists of a core with poles and a winding or a magnetic circuit with poles of permanent magnets located around the perimeter in the form of a circle or a closed convex curve. If the stator poles are located around a circle, then to change the direction of traction force, the stator can be installed in the motor housing with the possibility of rotation around its axis by an angle of up to 360 ° inclusive. A feature of the design of the stator are poles of various sizes and with a different number of turns of the winding so that a larger pole creates a more intense magnetic field. The creation of a larger pole with a more intense magnetic field is necessary so that the moving poles of the rotor pass different lengths of the stator perimeter in the same time. The poles are located along the stator perimeter from the largest to the smallest, with a gradual decrease in their size, while the largest and smallest poles are, as a rule, at diametrically opposite points of the perimeter. The stator is located inside the rotor, the poles of the stator magnet are facing out. The voltage supplied to the stator winding can be constant or variable. At a constant voltage, the stator poles form an uneven stationary magnetic field, and at an alternating voltage, the stator poles form an uneven rotating magnetic field.

The rotor consists of moving poles in an amount equal to the number of pairs of stator poles. The moving poles consist of cores and windings or are permanent magnets moving along the inner surface of the housing in the form of a circle or a closed convex curved line. The rotor magnetic circuit is stationary, its function is performed by the motor housing. The rotor poles are mounted on wheels and move independently of each other. All poles of the rotor have the same weight, size and number of turns of the winding. For uniform distribution of the rotor poles along the magnetic circuit in the absence of voltage on the stator and rotor windings, for example, soft compression springs are used. The sliding electrical contact of the windings of the poles of the rotor with an external source of electrical energy is carried out through the collector or contact rings and collector brushes. There may be several options for their design. For example, the collector can be installed in the motor housing with the possibility of rotation, current-carrying brushes are fixed. In this case, the collector rotation drive can be either a mechanical transmission from the moving poles of the rotor, or an external drive, for example, an electric motor with an adjustable speed. Another design involves the installation of collector plates or slip rings without the possibility of rotation, radially or from the ends of the moving poles of the rotor. In this case, each pole of the rotor has two or more collector brushes moving together with the pole and providing sliding electrical contact of the pole winding with the collector plates or contact rings. Additional slip rings can also be used to form a single rotor winding, connecting the turns of different moving poles in series.

4. Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows an electric motor powered by a three-phase alternating current network. The poles (2) of the stator are electromagnets, the moving poles (7) of the rotor are permanent magnets. On the inner surface of the housing (1), which is also a magnetic circuit, move the moving poles (7) of the rotor. The moving poles (7) of the rotor are supported by the wheels (5) on the housing (1) and the guides (4). The poles (2) of the stator are mounted on the magnetic circuit (8) or form a single whole with it (they are the core). The poles (2) have a different number of turns of the winding (3) so that a larger pole creates a more intense magnetic field. The stator winding is formed of three parts with four poles in each: one large, one small and two medium. When connected to the network, the stator creates a rotating magnetic field, uneven in intensity and angular velocity of rotation, causing the unevenly moving poles (7) of the rotor to move along the inner surface of the housing (1). To ensure uniform distribution of the moving poles (7) over the housing (1) when the power is turned off, the poles are spaced apart by springs (6) operating in compression. Power is supplied to the stator winding (3), so the poles (7) are shown in motion.

Figure 2 shows a DC-powered electric motor, moving poles (7) of the rotor electromagnets, stator poles (2) permanent magnets. On the inner surface of the housing (1), which is also a magnetic circuit, move the moving poles (7) of the rotor. The moving poles (7) of the rotor are supported by the wheels (5) on the housing (1) and the guides (4). The poles (7) of the rotor have a winding (10), the ends of the winding go to the collector brushes (11), which relieve tension from the collector plates (9). To ensure uniform distribution of the moving poles (7) over the housing (1) when the power is turned off, the poles are spaced apart by springs (6) operating in compression. The poles (2) of the stator are mounted on the magnetic circuit (8) or form a single whole with it (a permanent magnet with poles around the perimeter). When applying a constant voltage to the winding (10), the poles (7) begin to unevenly move along the inner surface of the housing (1), starting from the poles (2) of the fixed stator. Timely switching of electric circuits is provided by a fixed collector with plates (9).

Figure 3 shows an electric motor powered by a three-phase alternating current network, a three-phase alternating voltage is applied to the stator windings of the stator, and a constant voltage is supplied to the rotor windings of the poles. On the inner surface of the housing (1), which is also a magnetic circuit, move the moving poles (7) of the rotor. The moving poles (7) of the rotor are supported by the wheels (5) on the housing (1) and the guides (4). The poles (7) of the rotor have a winding (10), the ends of the winding go to the collector brushes (11), which remove the constant voltage from the contact rings (12). To ensure uniform distribution of the moving poles (7) over the housing (1) when the power is turned off, the poles are spaced apart by springs (6) operating in compression. The poles (2) of the stator are installed on the magnetic circuit (8) or form a whole with it (they are the core). When applying a constant voltage to the rotor winding (10) and an alternating voltage to the stator winding (3), the poles (7) begin to unevenly move along the inner surface of the housing (1), carried away by the rotating stator magnetic field.

5. The implementation of the invention.

The implementation of the invention has several basic options, depending on the type of current and the required power of the electric motor. The main components of the electric motor are a housing, a stator, a rotor.

In the central part of the housing with the possibility of rotation up to an angle of 360 ° inclusive and with a drive of such rotation, a stator is installed, as a rule, it is an electromagnet with a core, a winding and poles located around the circumference. The stator poles have different sizes and the number of turns of the winding so that the larger pole creates a more intense magnetic field. The poles are evenly spaced along the stator perimeter from the largest to the smallest, with a gradual decrease in their size, while the largest and smallest poles are, as a rule, at diametrically opposite points of the perimeter. The voltage supplied to the stator winding can be constant or variable. At a constant voltage, the stator poles form an uneven stationary magnetic field, and at an alternating voltage, the stator poles form an uneven rotating magnetic field.

Outside the stator, on the inner surface of the housing, a rotor is installed, which is a movable permanent or electric magnets on wheels, moving along rails and resting on the housing. For uniform distribution of the poles along the magnetic circuit relative to each other, in the absence of voltage on the stator and rotor windings, soft springs are used that connect the poles into a single package. Another option for uniform distribution involves gluing the sides of the moving poles with an elastic elastic material, such as rubber, the thickness of the two stickers should not exceed the minimum distance between the moving poles in motion. This option can be supplemented with inextensible threads connecting the movable poles to each other, while the length of the thread between adjacent poles should be slightly larger than the maximum distance between the moving poles in motion. A uniform distribution of the poles along the magnetic circuit with the power off is necessary so that when power is supplied to the electric motor, each movable rotor pole immediately takes its “place” relative to the stator poles. Each movable pole, if it is an electromagnet, has two or more collector brushes that relieve voltage on the winding from the collector plates or slip rings or connect the winding to ballasts. The rotor magnetic circuit serves as the body of the electric motor.

The operation of the DC motor will be considered in figure 2. A fixed or rotatable stator creates a fixed, uneven magnetic field. The poles (2) of the stator are permanent magnets. The polarity of the poles (2) and poles (7) alternates, the number of pairs of rotor poles is equal to the number of stator pole pairs. A fixed voltage is applied to the fixed contact plates (9) of the collector. The voltage on the winding (10) of the moving poles is removed from the collector plates (9) by the current collection brushes (11). Fixed collector with plates (9) provides timely reconnection of electrical circuits. Moving along the inner surface of the casing, having the shape of a circle, with an increased linear speed in a certain section of the trajectory, the poles create unbalanced centrifugal forces, the resultant of which is the linear traction force applied to the casing of the electric motor.

The operation of the electric motor on alternating current, we consider in figure 3. A fixed or rotatable stator creates a rotating uneven magnetic field. The stator poles (2) are electromagnets. The moving poles (7) are also electromagnets. Movable collector brushes (11) create a sliding electrical contact between the stationary contact rings (12) and the winding (10). In this case, three options are possible:

- the contact rings (12) through the collector brushes (11) close the winding (10) of the moving poles (7) of the rotor or each winding (10) of the moving pole (7) is closed to itself (squirrel-cage rotor);

- the winding (10) of the moving poles (7) of the rotor is displayed on ballasts, for example a rheostat (phase rotor). When operating at three-phase voltage and twelve poles, there will be three contact rings (12), and pairs of collector brushes (11) on the moving poles (7) will slide along two of the three contact rings (12) so that the three phase parts of the rotor winding are connected on the rotor itself in the star (three branches of four connected in parallel windings of the moving poles);

- a constant voltage is applied to the contact rings (12), which the collector brushes (11) transmit to the winding (10).

The polarity of the moving poles (7), as well as the poles (2) of the stator, alternates. Moving along the inner surface of the casing, having the shape of a circle, with an increased linear speed in a certain section of the trajectory, the poles create unbalanced centrifugal forces, the resultant of which is the linear traction force applied to the casing of the electric motor.

Claims (1)

An electric motor for converting electric energy into linear traction force, consisting of a housing, a stator and a rotor, characterized in that the inertial masses are the moving poles of the rotor, consisting of a core and a winding, mounted in the housing of the electric motor, which is a magnetic circuit, with the possibility of movement along the inner walls of the housing having a cross-section in the form of a circle or a closed convex curve lines having the same mass and equal number of turns of a winding having a sliding electrical contour CT with a direct current source or ballasts, equipped with a device for uniform distribution along the magnetic circuit when the voltage is disconnected from the electric motor, rotating around a stator mounted in the housing stationary or with the possibility of rotation through an angle of up to 360 ° inclusive, having an equal number of pole pairs with a rotor, consisting of a core with poles arranged around a circle or a convex closed curved line with a winding electrically connected to an alternating current source having different plane the cross sectional width and the different number of turns of the winding so that the larger pole creates a more intense magnetic field, located from the largest to the smallest, with a gradual decrease in size, while the largest and smallest poles are, as a rule, at diametrically opposite points .

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