RU2374395C1 - Protective-hermetic manhole (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: first version is characterised by the fact that cover with sleeve is hingedly fixed on external side of coaming. Guides are fixed on lower side, in which rods are movably installed, every of which is hingedly joined to slider. Poppet sleeve is movably installed in each guide to interact with coaming, being hingedly attached to adjacent rod. On opposite sides of sleeve wall there are grooves arranged, in which rods are movably installed. Other versions specify various arrangement of manholes.

EFFECT: improved reliability of their operation under conditions of high sign-changing loads and simplification of their designs.

5 cl, 22 dwg

Description

Technical solutions presented in this description relate mainly to means of protecting rooms or shelters from the damaging effects of the air, in particular to hatches, the main element of which is a cover with means for locking it in the opening of the hatch. Technical solutions can also be used in the field of construction as a means of closing walkways and communications primarily for underground use.

The hatch cover is known from the prior art, comprising an upper plate, a lower locking plate located beneath it, a screw tie connected to the plates, with which the plates are pulled together in the working position of the cover, while the screw of the screw tie is hollow and is located in the hole of the main plate, with which it is rigidly connected, the screed nut is connected to the locking plate and installed in the opening of the locking plate with the possibility of its movement in the axial direction of screwing onto the screw and screwing from the screw, rotation around the screw and fixing in the hole and the locking plate in the idle position of the screw tie, the upper end of the nut being made to fix it from axial movement in the hole of the locking plate in the idle position of the screw tie, and the lower part of the nut has a turn-key tool for turning the nut around the axis of the tie (RU 70905 U1, E02D 29/12, 02/20/2008).

A locking device for the manhole cover is known, comprising a base fixed in the manhole cover, a beam fixed to it, levers pivotally connected to the driving nut by means of rods, and a locking screw threadedly connected to the running nut, the locking device of the manhole cover comprises a beam that is articulated with a running nut, levers are installed on the traverse with connecting fingers, by means of rods connected to the beam, and the locking screw has a head for a special key (RU 60547 U1, E02D 29/14, 01/27/2007).

Known hatch for a cable well, which contains a base mounted on the neck of the cable well, on the base are the upper and lower covers, the latter is equipped with a locking device, and the base of the hatch is equipped with means for its rigid connection with the neck of the concrete well, and the bottom cover is installed with the possibility of rigid fixing its position at the base, and the upper and lower covers are interconnected by a locking device (UA 9466 U, E02D 29/12, 09/15/2005).

Known manhole manhole, including a support ring, a lid and a locking device, and in order to increase the reliability of locking the hatch and improve traffic safety, the lid is made with a cylindrical hole located in its center and equipped with two tides located on its lower surface perpendicular to the plane of the lid support through horizontal holes, as well as stops made in the form of truncated hollow cones with guides on their lateral surface, and horizontal traction with cross-braces and a spring-loaded vertical rod attached to it from above, passing through an opening in the lid, the stops with the base of a smaller diameter attached to the tides with the possibility of angular movement in the plane of the tides, and the horizontal rod is placed between the stops with the possibility of movement in the guides (SU 1392209 A1, E02D 29/14, 04/30/1988).

The locking system of the hatch is also known from the prior art, including a lock with a liner removably mounted in the housing of the cylindrical part integrated in the coating, preventing access to the head made in the form of a cylindrical operating axis, and the locking system of the hatch comprises a valve formed by rods that are installed with the ability to move in the corresponding grooves made in the base frame to ensure locking of the hatch, the coating is fixed to the frame with fixing screws and is made with the possibility of skipping the shut-off a key into the head to rotate the axis and move the rods to the open or closed position and input or output them from the grooves of the frame (FR 2892752 A1, E02D 29/14, 05/04/2007).

A hatch locking device is known comprising a disk mounted on a manhole cover, a locking screw with a head for a special key, a travel nut and associated locking levers adjustable in length, moreover, two pairs of guide posts with a number of coaxial holes are fixed on the disk, in which a rearranged hole is fixed along the depth of the traverse locking, a locking screw with its smooth end is installed in the sleeve of the central hole of the traverse, a running nut made in the form of a cross with a rocker covering it on the side fingers, with mounted on the thread of the locking screw, the locking levers are mounted to rotate on the axes mounted on the ends of the yoke, and with the possibility of contact with stops fixed to the yoke at a distance from its ends, while at the ends of the locking levers are installed length-adjustable hooks in contact during locking with the walls of the well or the lower surface of the base plate of the hatch, and the other ends are connected by means of rods and axles to the beam of the running nut (RU 2265698 C1, E02D 29/12, 2005.12.10).

Known hatch of an underground or ground structure, which includes a plate with external and internal surfaces, and the plate has a through axial hole, and on the inner surface of the plate coaxial to the hole is fixed lock case, inside of which there is a base plate with a lock of the rotary sleeve, one end of which is on the side the plate is made to interact with the rotary key, and a rotary plate is attached to the opposite end of the rotary sleeve, with which at least two shorts are pivotally connected pins, whose bodies pass through a groove in the lock case, made with the possibility of reciprocating movement during rotation of the rotary sleeve (UA 12017 U, E02D 29/14, 01/15/2006).

A locking device for a manhole cover is known, consisting of a locking screw with a head for a special key and a driving nut with levers, moreover, a disk is inserted into the device fixed to the manhole cover, on which a sleeve and three brackets are installed with levers mounted on them, movable by length axes in the brackets, the locking screw enters the lid socket with the upper part, the lower part of the screw enters the sleeve with free rotation, and on the locking screw there is a running nut with slots into which are inserted and secured on the axes the ends of the levers, in the upper part of the locking screw a groove is made in which a sealing ring is installed (RU 2188291 C2, E02D 29/12, 08/27/2002).

Known locking mechanism formed from a lock, locking plug, spring, tong-type gripper located along the inner surface of the coating bearing, wherein the lock is made in the form of a shoulder with a pair of rotary shafts, in addition, the lock, lock gripper, and spring support are located in the device diagonally downward, while the locking plug contains a blocking part, and the spool shaft is located vertically and made with the possibility of its movement in the recess of the guide located in near the rotary shafts (JP 2007327217 A, E02D 29/14, 12.20.2007).

In relation to the technical solutions presented in this description, the known technical solutions have relatively complex designs, and in the case of using each technical solution to create a series of hatches, characterized by tightness and security parameters, corresponding to operating conditions in high alternating loads from shock air waves , well-known hatches do not meet the requirements of these parameters in the difficult conditions of their work. These working conditions, in particular, include a sharp increase in the pressure of compressed air compressing the manhole cover from its outer side, a sharp drop in this pressure and a sharp decrease in pressure to create a vacuum in the external environment, which leads to tearing loads experienced by manhole covers, their constipation and locking mechanisms.

The technical result of the design options of protective and hermetic hatches is to increase the reliability of their work in conditions of high alternating loads by increasing the tightness and security of the hatches. Another result of technical solutions is the simplification of their designs.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the protective and hermetic hatch (the first option) contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid with a seal is pivotally fixed, while on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which a slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which there is a screw located and fixed in the glass, on the cover on its lower side there are fixed guides in which rods are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, and in each guide movably mounted tailstock cooperating with coaming and pivotally connected with a connecting rod and a wall of the nozzle on opposite sides of the grooves are made in which is movably disposed thrust.

The protective and hermetic hatch (second option) contains coaming, on the outside of which a cover with a seal is pivotally fixed, while on the bottom side of the cover there is a glass in which a slide with a screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which there is a screw located and fixed in the glass , guides are fixed on the lid from its lower side, in which levers are mounted movably with the possibility of preloading to the coaming, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide in the glass wall, on its opposite sides The grooves are made in which the indicated levers are movably located, the glass at its lower end is made with a plate rigidly attached to it, which is connected by springs to the levers, each of which has a stepped shape with a curved lower stage, which is located in an adjacent guide groove and contacts with it with its curved surface, at the end of each guide from its lower side there is a threaded hole in which there is an adjustment screw in contact with the curved surface of the lower stage, moreover, the coaming includes a plate and a shell rigidly connected to it, the plate has an annular projection pyramidal in cross section on the outside, with an inner inclined side of which the ring end face of the lid contacts in a closed position.

A protective and hermetic hatch (third option), contains coaming, on the outside of which a cover with a seal is pivotally fixed, while on the bottom side of the cover there is a glass in which a slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located and fixed in the glass screw, guides are fixed on the lid from its lower side, in which levers are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, in the glass wall, on its opposite sides, grooves are made in which levers are clearly located, the cup on its lower end is made with a plate, which is connected by springs to the levers, each of which has a step shape, a threaded hole is made in the end of each guide from its lower side, in which there is an adjustment screw in contact with the lower surface of the lower stage of the lever, the surface of the lower stage of each lever is made rectilinear, the end of each lever is made in the form of a truncated cone, located with the possibility of preloading it to the coaming, ogre fixed to the shell pushers, and on the cover on the brackets are fixed screws that abut against the coaming plate.

The protective and hermetic hatch (fourth variant) contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid with a seal is pivotally fixed, and on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which the slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located the screw fixed and fixed in the glass , guides are fixed on the lid from its lower side, in which rods are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, in the glass wall, on its opposite sides, grooves are made in which rods are movably positioned, a pinol is movably mounted in each rail, which is pivotally connected to an adjacent rod, coaming and the cover are made in a plan view in the form of a square, on the diagonal axes of which there are guides, rods and pins, the slider has slots in which the ends of the rods are located , the lid has rigidly connected upper sheet and lower sheet, between which a heater is located, a stopper is attached to the lower sheet, which is pivotally connected to the lower sheet of the cover, and the hatch is equipped with a lid mounted on coaming with the signaling unit in the casing, which has a shelf for supporting the stopper with the lid open, the coaming along its outer external contour has beveled down faces and, in this case, the coaming has a cavity filled with insulation.

The protective and hermetic hatch (fifth variant) contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid is pivotally fixed, while on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which the slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located the screw fixed and fixed in the glass, on guides are fixed to the lid on its lower side, in which rods are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, in the glass wall, on its opposite sides, grooves are made in which are movably located traction, each traction is made adjustable in length from two parts connected by a threaded sleeve, the guide of each traction is fixed to the end of the hollow strut, rigidly mounted on a round spherical cover, each part of the traction is pivotally connected to the pinole, the hinged connection of the cover to the comins includes brackets that are the top view is curved to the center of the hatch, coaming in its cross section has a flat surface inclined to the center of the hatch, perimeter closed, located in the plane of the cone, the apex of which is vertically located along the central axis of the hatch, corresponding to such an arrangement of the indicated inclined surface, there is an end closed surface of the hatch cover, which is tightly adjacent to the indicated inclined flat surface of the coaming in the operating position of the hatch, while the coaming includes a ring and a ring rigidly attached to its lower side, the ring in its transverse the cross section has the shape of a triangle with an inclined downward outer surface.

Figure 1 shows the first version of the hatch in cross section.

Figure 2 - hatch in the open position.

Figure 3 is a view A in figure 1.

Figure 4 is a loop in section.

Figure 5 shows a second variant of the hatch.

In Fig.6 is a view of B in Fig.5.

In Fig.7 is a section bb in Fig.6.

On Fig - hatch in the open position.

In Fig.9 shows a third variant of the hatch (first performance).

Figure 10 - the third version of the hatch (second execution).

In Fig.11 is a view of G in Fig.9.

12 shows a fourth embodiment of the hatch.

In Fig.13 is a view D in Fig.12 (the helm is removed).

On Fig - view E in Fig.

On Fig - section FJ in Fig.13.

In Fig.16 - section II in Fig.13.

On Fig - section KK in Fig.13.

On Fig - section LL in Fig. 12.

In Fig.19 - the hatch with the lid open.

On Fig shows a fifth variant of the hatch.

In Fig.21 is a view of M in Fig.20.

On Fig - arrangement of the cover and coaming.

The first variant of the hatch (Figs. 1–4) contains coaming 1 (Fig. 1), which is a supporting welded (or cast) frame, with a loop 2 fixed to the outer side of the coaming, by means of which a flat cover 3 is hingedly connected to the coaming. the groove of the lid is fixed to a rubber seal 4 located between the lid and coaming. A glass 5 is fixed on the lower side of the lid 3, in which the slider 6 is movably located, having an internal screw thread (not shown). In engagement with the screw thread of the slider is screw 7, one faceted shank 8 of which is located on the outside of the cover 3 outside, and the other faceted shank 9 of the screw is located outside of the cup 5 on the bottom side of the cover.

Guides 10 are fixed on the lid from its lower side, in which rods 11 are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slider 6 by the finger 12. In each guide 10, the pin 13 is movably mounted, which is connected to the adjacent rod 10. This connection is made by means of a second finger 12, similar to the first finger mentioned.

The limit switch 14 is fixed on the coaming 1 (for the execution of the electric sunroof). The switch 14 is located in the recess 15 of the coaming, formed by an angular element 16, rigidly attached to the coaming from its lower side.

The coamings are fixed in the wall 17 (FIG. 2) of the manhole or well 18 by means of anchors 19, to which the coamings are rigidly connected. On the outside of the cover 3 is fixed to the handle 20.

The loop 2 (Fig. 3) includes lugs 21 fixed on the coaming 1 with holes in them and brackets 22 with holes fixed on the cover 3. In the holes of the eyes and brackets there is one axis 23 (Fig. 3) in case a torsion bar is not provided in the hatch structure, or two axles 23 (Fig. 4), which are interconnected by a torsion bar 24, including, for example, parallel elastic plates , the ends of which are connected with the axles 23. The axis 23 (figure 3) or torsion 24 (figure 4) are closed by a casing 25 (figure 3). Axis 23 can be hollow and serve as bushings with the ends of the torsion bar located in them. In the wall of the glass 5, on its opposite sides, grooves 26 are made in which the rods 11 are movably arranged.

The second variant of the hatch (Figs. 5-8) contains coaming 1 (Fig. 5), which is a welded (or cast) support frame, while a loop 2 is fixed on the outside of the coaming, by means of which the cover 3 is convex outwardly hinged to the coaming. In the groove of the cap ring, a rubber seal 4 is secured between the cap and coaming. A glass 5 is fixed on the lower side of the lid 3, in which a slider 6 having an internal screw thread is movably located. A screw 7 is engaged with a screw thread of the slider 6, one faceted shank 8 of which is located in the upper part of the cover 3, and the second faceted shank 9 is located in the inner contour of the coaming 3 from its lower side.

Guides 10 or stops are fixed on the lid from its lower side, in which the levers 27 are movably mounted. Each lever 27 is pivotally connected to the slider 6 by a finger 12. At the middle, each lever 27 is connected to the glass, in particular, to the lower, laterally arranged relative to the glass 5, the plate 28, which is rigidly attached to the glass 5. The specified connection of each lever 27 with the glass is carried out by means of a spring 29 so that the lever 27 is constantly attracted by the spring to the lower side of the hatch.

In the wall of the glass 5, on its opposite sides, grooves 26 are made in which the left and right levers 27 are movably located. Each lever has a crescent-shaped step with a lower step 30 having a lower curved downward curved surface that contacts the guide screw 10. Step 30 is located in the groove 31 of the guide 10.

Coaming 1 (Fig. 8) is fixed in the wall 17 of the manhole or well 18. On the outside of the lid, a handle 20 is fixed (Fig. 6). Coaming 1 includes a plate 32 (Fig. 5) and a shell 33 rigidly connected to it, to which (in the operating position of the hatch) anchors 34 are attached, located along the perimeter of the shell from its outer side.

A threaded hole is made in the end face of each guide 10 on its lower side, in which an adjusting screw 35 is located in contact with the lower curved surface 36 of the lower stage 30 of the lever 27. The curvature of the surface 36 may have a variable radius in the longitudinal direction of the lever 27.

The loop 2 (Fig.6) includes eyes 21 fixed on the coaming 1, in which holes are made, and brackets 22 fixed on the cover 3, in which holes are also made. In the holes of the eyes and brackets there is one axis 23 or two axles 23 (as shown in figure 4 of the first hatch variant), while in the case of two axles 23 they are interconnected by a torsion bar 24, including, for example, parallel elastic plates, ends which are connected to the axles 23. The axis 23 (or torsion 24) is closed by a casing 25 (Fig.6).

The plate has on its outer side a pyramidal cross-section of the annular protrusion 37 (Fig. 8), with the inner inclined side of which the ring end face of the lid 3 contacts in the closed position (Fig. 5). The specified contact is made over the entire surface of the end face of the lid due to the parallel arrangement of the end face of the lid and the inclined side of the annular protrusion 37.

A helm 38 is connected to the faceted shank 9 of the screw 7. On the top of the cover 3, which is convex to the outside, there is a cap 39 pivotally connected to it, which covers the shank 8 and the upper part 40 of the glass 5, while the bearing is located in the socket of the upper part 40 of the glass 5 which mounted the upper end of the screw 7 with the possibility of rotation around its own axis.

In addition to the listed differences of the second variant of the hatch from its first variant, two torsion bars 24 can be used in the second embodiment (Fig. 7). In this case, the torsion bars 24 are located on the sides of the axis 23, and the torsion bars 24 are rigidly connected to the coaming plate 32 by means of clips 41 fixedly mounted on the plate 32. The connection of the coaming plate 32 with its shell 33 is reinforced rigidly rigidly connected to them by brackets 42 (Fig. 5).

The third version of the hatch (Fig.9-11) includes two versions, each of which contains the main elements of the second variant of the hatch and the main connections between the elements of the second variant, while in the versions of the third variant, each lever 27 (Fig.9, 10) is made in in the form of a truncated cone 42, stops 43 are fixed on the shell 33, an installation screw 44 is located in the holder 41 (Fig. 11), a special screw 45 is installed in the eyelet 21. In another eye 21, a latch 46 with a handle 47 is installed. The working element 48 of the latch is arranged to interact with the bracket 22.

In both versions of the third option (Fig.9, 10) there are bolts 50 fixed on the cover 3 on the brackets 49, abutting against the coaming plate 32.

The hatch of the third variant in each of its versions is equipped with an electromagnetic lock 51 (Fig. 11), which is installed in the cavity of the domed tetrahedral cover 3 on the glass 5. The electromagnetic locks 51 in the first and second versions of the hatch have various designs that differ in the principle of operation, the way they are installed on glass and dimensions. The dome cover 3 is made with ribs 52 stiffness. In the upper part 40 of the glass 5, a recess 53 is made for lubrication.

The fourth version of the hatch (Fig-19) contains all the basic elements of the previous options and all the main connections between the main elements of these options. In particular, the fourth version of the hatch comprises coaming 1 (Fig. 12), which is a welded (or cast) supporting frame, and a loop 2 is fixed on the outer side of the coaming, by means of which a flat cover 3 is hingedly connected to the coaming. a seal 4 located between the lid and coaming. A glass 5 is fixed on the lower side of the lid 3, in which a slider 6 having an internal screw thread is movably located. In engagement with the screw thread of the slider is screw 7, one faceted shank 8 of which is located on the outside of the cover 3 outside, and the other faceted shank 9 of the screw is located outside of the cup 5 on the bottom side of the cover.

On the cover 3 (Fig. 15), guides 10 are fixed from its lower side, in which rods 11 are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slider 6 by a finger 12. In each guide 10, a pin 13 is mounted movably, which is pivotally connected to the adjacent rod 10 This articulation is made by means of another finger 12.

On the coaming 1 from its lower side, a limit switch 14 is fixed (for the execution of the electric sunroof). The switch 14 is located in the recess 15 of the coaming 1. The recess is formed by the angular element 16 of the coaming and the anchor 19 rigidly attached to it, made in this embodiment of the fourth version of the hatch in the form of a frame welded from the channel, which is connected to the underside of the coaming.

The coamings are fixed in the wall 17 (FIG. 2) of the manhole or well 18 by means of channels 19, to which coamings are rigidly connected by welding. On the outside of the cover 3, two handles are fixed 20. This hatch is large and designed to protect against the effects of large loads.

The loop 2 (Fig. 12) includes lugs 21 fixed on the coaming 1 with holes in them and brackets 22 with holes fixed on the cover 3. In the holes of the eyes and brackets of the fourth variant of the hatch, one axis 23 can be located, as shown in figure 3, or two axles 23, as shown in figure 4, which are interconnected by a torsion bar 24, including, for example, parallel elastic plates, the ends of which are connected to the axes 23. Preferably, the hatch loop in its fourth embodiment includes axes 23 (Fig.17), which are made hollow in the form of bushings. These hollow axes 23 are rigidly connected to the ends of the torsion 24. In this embodiment, two torsion bars can also be used, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

In the wall of the glass 5, on its opposite sides, grooves 26 are made in which the rods 11 are movably arranged.

In addition to the above elements and the connections between them, which are common features with the signs of previous options for the hatch, its fourth version has the following significant differences from previous versions. Coaming 1 and cover 3 are made in a square top view (Fig.13, 14), on the diagonal axes of which are guides 10, rods 11 and pins 13 (Fig.15).

The upper part 40 of the cup 5 is closed by a lid 54, a faceted shank 8 of the screw 7 is located in the sleeve 55, under which the gland 56 is located, in the end of the shank 8 there is an axial hole for lubrication in communication with the outlet for the passage of lubricant to the screw-slide screw pair. The axial hole of the shank 8 is closed by a plug 57 having a hole and an oiler covering this hole, and a space for lubrication is formed between the plug 57 and the sleeve 55.

For smooth rotation of the rods 11 in the slider 6 there are slots 58, the end surface of each of which is made along the radius of the body of revolution. Each channel of the guide 10 has in its lower part a beveled down surface (not shown). Each pinole 13 is made with a bevel, the coaming in the area of this bevel has a miter surface that interacts with the bevel of the pinole. The response beveled surface is made on the lower side of the stop rigidly attached to the lower side of the coaming. The latter has a stepped shape in cross section.

This hatch is equipped with an alarm unit 59 installed near the coaming under the cover 3. The alarm unit 59 is connected by an electric cable 60 to the alarm system, is rigidly fixed to the coaming and closed by a casing 61 having a shelf 62 (Fig. 16, 19).

The cover 3 (Fig. 15) has a rigidly connected upper sheet 63 and a lower sheet 64, between which a heater 65 is located. A stopper 66 is attached to the lower sheet 64 (Fig. 16), which is pivotally connected to the bottom sheet 64 of the cover with a finger 67. With the lid open (Fig. 19), the stopper 66 abuts against the shelf 62 in the event of an unexpected rotation of the lid towards the coaming. The latter along its outer external contour has facets 68 sloping downward (Fig. 15), while the coaming has a cavity filled with insulation 65 along the specified contour. In the working position, the cover has a handle 69 (Fig. 19) mounted on the faceted shank 8 of screw 7 . In the idle, closed position of the cover, the handle is removed from the shank and the shank is closed by a plug 57 (Fig. 15).

Clamps 70 are fixed on the channel 19 (Fig. 12, 18), in which the electric cable 60 is located and fixed. The helm 38 is fixed on the faceted shank 9 of the screw 7. The lower and upper cover sheets are interconnected by corners 71 (Fig. 15) located along the contour of the cover. The beveled surface of the coaming that interacts with the bevel of the pinole 13 is formed on the lower side of the abutment, which is rigidly attached to the upper sheet of the coaming.

The fifth version of the hatch (Fig.20-22) contains all the basic elements and the main connections between these elements, which are described in the descriptions of the previous options. In particular, the fifth version of the hatch contains coaming 1 (Fig. 20), which is a welded (or cast) supporting frame, and a loop 2 is fixed on the outer side of the coaming, by means of which the cover 3 is convex outwardly hinged to the coaming. The hatch has or can have a seal 4 located between the cover and coaming. A glass 5 is fixed on the lower side of the lid 3, in which a slider 6 having an internal screw thread is movably located. In engagement with the screw thread of the slider is screw 7, one faceted shank 8 of which is located in the upper part 40 of the glass, and the other faceted shank 9 of the screw is located outside the glass 5 on the lower side of the lid.

Guides 10 are fixed on the lid from its lower side, in which rods 11 are movably mounted. Each rod 11 is pivotally connected to the slider 6 by the finger 12. In each guide 10, the pin 13 is movably mounted, which is pivotally connected to the adjacent rod 11. This connection is made by means of a finger 12.

On the coaming 1 from its lower side, a limit switch 14 is located, located in the recess 15, formed by an angular element 16, rigidly attached to the coaming shell 33 from its lower side.

The fifth variant of the hatch differs from other variants in that lanyards or threaded bushings 73 are introduced into its design, through each of which the threaded ends of parts 74 and 75 of each rod 11 are connected. In fact, each rod 1 is made adjustable along its length. Guide 10 of each rod is mounted on a hollow pillar rigidly fixed on the inside of the manhole cover. Each part 74 of the rod 11 with a finger 12 is pivotally connected to the quill 13 having a beveled surface that interacts with the beveled surface of the abutment 72, which is rigidly connected to the coaming 1. In addition, the fifth version of the hatch in the top view has a round cover, the brackets 22 of which are curved in the indicated form to the center of the hatch (Fig.21). At the same time, the coaming in its cross section has an inclined flat surface 76 (Fig. 22) inclined to the center of the hatch, located in the plane of the cone, the apex of which is located on the vertical central axis 77 of the hatch. Corresponding to such an arrangement of the inclined flat surface 76, there is an end closed surface 78 of the hatch cover 3, which is adjacent to the coaming surface 76 in the operating position of the hatch.

Coaming 1 in the fifth embodiment of the hatch includes a ring 79 (Fig. 22) having a cross-section in the form of a triangle with one truncated apex, in the plane of which the said inclined flat surface 76 is located. A ring 33 is attached to the ring 79 (Fig. 20). The ring 79 has a downwardly inclined outer surface 80. The hatch has an electromagnetic lock 81 fixed to the glass 5, a hinged cap 82 pivotally mounted on the outside of the lid and a latch 83 fixed to the coaming (Fig. 21).

The first and fourth options work on the same principle. When the screw 7 rotates to the right or left (FIGS. 1, 12) with the steering wheel 38 or the handle 69, the slider 6 and the rod 11 moves up or down in the glass 5, while the rod 11 rotates on the fingers 12 connecting the rod 11 with the pins 13, and the pins from the influence of the rods on them, they move in the guides 10. Since the guides 10 are made in such a way that they allow the ends of the rods 11 to move down to a predetermined extent, when the hatch is closed, the rods and pins move away from the screw 7 and the pins 13 enter the coaming recesses, interact with the lower surfaces of the recesses coaming and lock the cover 3 in the opening of the coaming. In the fourth variant of the hatch (Fig. 15), the pins 13 interact with the coaming stops 72, in the first version of the hatch (Fig. 1) the pins interact with the lower surfaces of the recesses of the coaming 1, as shown in the drawing.

Opening the hatch covers in the reverse order, and if, when closing the hatch, torsion 24 of loop 2 (Figs. 4, 13) is twisted by the efforts of the operator’s legs, including the operator’s body weight, then when the lid is opened, the torsion is untwisted, which facilitates opening the lid by hand.

It is provided by the constructions of the first and fourth variants of the hatch that when locking the cover 3, the pin 13 in its final position acts on the limit switch 14 (1, 15) and a signal that the cover is closed is sent to the control panel.

The location of the faceted shanks 8 and 9, respectively, inside the well 18 and on the outside of the cover 3 (Fig. 1) makes it possible to lock the cover from the inside of the shelter and from its outside.

The insulation of the fourth variant of the hatch located between the sheets of the lid provides the possibility of a long stay of personnel in shelter in the cold season, while the hatch of the fourth variant has increased stability and reliability. Limit switches 14 of this hatch are installed opposite each pin 13 (Fig. 15), and they signal that each pin is in the closed working position to the signaling unit 59, which gives a positive signal to the control panel about the hatch in the working position. If one of the pins is not in the working position, this means that the hatch is not tight enough and the signal is sent to the control panel by the safety node.

The technical result, improving the reliability of operation of hatches under high alternating loads and simplifying the design, is achieved by eliminating the possibility of arbitrary movement of pins during operation of the hatch in cases of permissible bending of the cover from the perception of external load, as well as by reducing the elements of the hatches. This increases the tightness and security of the hatches due to the design features of the covers and their fastening in the opening of the coaming, while the covers and their fasteners are designed for various operating conditions of the hatches, including the specified conditions of compression of the cover and its separation from the coaming.

The second and third options for the hatch work as follows. When the screw 7 rotates to the right or left (FIGS. 5, 9) by the steering wheel 38, the slider 6 and the levers 27 move in the grooves 26 of the cup 5 up or down, while the springs 29 are stretched and the levers 27 are rotated on the fingers 12. Since the guides 10 are made in this way that they allow the ends of the levers to move upward within the given limits, then when closing the hatch, the levers 27 rotate in the indicated direction, interact with the lower surfaces of the coaming recesses (Figs. 5, 9) and lock the lid 3 in the opening of the coaming 1.

Opening the hatch covers in the reverse order, and if, when closing the hatch, the torsion 24 of loop 2 (Figs. 7, 17) is twisted, then when the lid is opened, the torsion is untwisted, which facilitates opening the lid.

In order to ensure that the lid 3 is pressed evenly against the coaming 1, the gaps in the grooves 31 (FIGS. 5, 9) are adjusted between the levers 27, the guides 10 and the lower surface of the coaming, with which the levers 27 are in contact. The adjustment is carried out by screws 35.

In the second embodiment, the end face of the lid 3, when it is closed, is adjacent to the inclined side of the annular protrusion 37 of the coaming (FIGS. 5, 8), since in this embodiment the hatch has a thicker sheet.

In the third embodiment of the hatch (Fig. 9), the cover 3 is adjacent to the coaming protrusion 37 by a frame 84 (Fig. 9), which is welded to a thin sheet of the cover 3. The frame 84 has a beveled surface that fits snugly against the inclined side of the annular protrusion 37.

This embodiment of the joints of the covers 3 with coaming 1 allows you to produce hatches with different environmental resistances, which, on the one hand, meets the condition of increasing security, tightness and reliability of the hatches, and on the other hand, makes it possible to simplify their design and reduce masses. In this case, the strength of the thin cap is increased due to the stiffening ribs 52 of the cap (Fig. 11). The use of adjustable rotary levers 27 allows you to create large downforce on the cover from the action of the helm 38 and, as a result, allows you to use hatches with great protective ability and increased reliability of its operation.

During operation of the third version of the hatch, the stops 43 (Fig. 9) limit the movement of the levers in a vertical plane, and the electromagnetic lock 51 locks the hatch in its working position and sends a positive signal to the control point that the lid is closed. In order to prevent rotation of the cover 3 by the handle 47 of the latch 6, the working element 48 of the latch is inserted into the socket of the lever 22. Such blocking can be carried out remotely.

With the allotted electromagnetic lock 51 open the cover 3 from its outer side as follows. First, open the cap 39, then the head of the handle (not shown) is mounted on a faceted shank 8 and the screw 7 is rotated in the corresponding direction. In this case, the levers 27 are rotated on the fingers 12 and disengaged from the coaming 1. The working element 48 is pushed to the side by the handle 47. Then, the cover 3 is lifted by the handle 20. At the same time, the torsions 24 are untwisted and facilitate lifting of the cover.

With insufficient force to detach the lid from the coaming, rotate the bolts 50 in the corresponding direction, which abut against the coaming plate 32 and tear off the lid.

The fifth version of the hatch works similarly to the first version of the hatch, while in the fifth version of the hatch synchronization of the preload of the pins 13 (Fig. 20) to the coaming 1 is ensured in order to ensure uniformity of the force of pressing the cover 3 to the coaming along its perimeter and, accordingly, increase the tightness of the hatch. In order to ensure synchronization of the movement of the pins, their course is regulated, for which the turnbuckles or threaded sleeves 73 are rotated to the respective sides, the parts 74 and 75 of the rods 11 are brought together or removed from each other, the rods 11 are extended or shortened and, accordingly, the pins are reduced or increased 13. At the same time, the gaps between the pines and the coaming surfaces with which the pins are in contact are regulated. Thus, by adjusting the gaps, the synchronization of the interaction of the working surfaces of the pins with the working surfaces of the coaming is established, which ensures the specified tightness and security of the hatch. The specified adjustment is carried out both in the factory and in the operating environment.

In the fifth embodiment of the hatch, its levers 22 curved towards the center simplify the design of the hinge 2 of the hatch by reducing the lengths of these levers. Significant from the point of view of simplifying the design is the use of adjustable rods 11, due to which it is possible to produce large-sized hatches with technological errors, compensated by the adjustment of the above clearances.

After closing the lid 3, it is locked by an electromagnetic lock 81 and a signal that the lid is closed is sent to the control point. Then the lid on the outside is locked by a latch 83 (Fig.21), which blocks the lever 22 of the loop 2.

In this version of the hatch, its coamings are practically flush with the outer supporting surface of the opening of the structure in which the hatch is mounted, which increases its security and reliability. In this case, the closed surface 78 of the end face of the lid (Fig. 22), when closed, is tightly pressed against the inclined surface 76 of the coaming 1. Due to the elasticity of the structural elements of the hatch, these surfaces are worked in, which together with the periodic adjustment of the gaps significantly increases the tightness of the contact surface 76 of the coaming with the surface 78 covers. The remaining gaps are eliminated by the seal 4 (Fig.20). Opening the hatch cover 3 from its outer side is carried out as described in the second and third variants of the hatch.

The technical result, improving the reliability of the hatches under high alternating loads and simplifying the design, is achieved in the fifth version of the hatch with the above design features, as well as due to the location of the locking mechanism of the lid in its inner hemispherical cavity. This design also eliminates the spontaneous movement of the pins during operation of the hatch in cases of permissible bending of the lid with the perception of a large external load.

In addition, in the fifth embodiment of the hatch due to the fact that the guides 10 are mounted on hollow pillars 85 (Fig. 20), rigidly attached to the cover 3 from its lower side, it was possible to place the rods 11 at a considerable distance from the cover 3, which in this embodiment of the hatch has a hemispherical cross section. Inside the hemisphere of the lid, it was possible to arrange the mechanism for moving the pins 13 in such a way that it is all located in the contour of the shell 33 with the exception of the helm 38. This made it possible to select such a curvature of the hemisphere of the lid that best meets the condition of its resistance to external loads. At the same time, on the other hand, the specified form of execution of the cover in combination with the features of the layout solution of the hatch of the fifth variant made it possible to minimize the metal consumption of the hatch with the relative simplicity of its design.

Thus, all variants of the protective and airtight hatch presented in this description provide the indicated technical result, and at the same time they represent a series or group of hatches for use in conditions of varying degrees of damage with the same technical result of increasing the reliability of the hatches and simplifying their design.

Claims (5)

1. The hatch is protective and hermetic, characterized in that it contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid with a seal is pivotally fixed, while on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which the slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located and a screw fixed in the glass, guides are fixed on the lid from its lower side, in which rods are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, and a pin is movably mounted in each guide, the interaction Acting with coaming and pivotally connected to an adjacent rod, and in the glass wall on its opposite sides, grooves are made in which the rods are movably located. 2. A protective and hermetic hatch, characterized in that it contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid with a seal is pivotally fixed, while on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which the slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located and a screw fixed in the glass, guides are fixed on the lid on its lower side, in which levers are mounted movably with the possibility of preloading to the coaming, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, in the glass wall against it grooves are made in the opposite sides, in which the said levers are movably located, the glass on its lower end is made with a plate rigidly attached to it, which is connected by springs to the levers, each of which has a step shape with a curved lower step, which is located in the adjacent guide groove and contacts with it with its curved surface, at the end of each guide from its lower side there is a threaded hole in which there is an adjustment screw in contact with the curved surface of the lower stage, with coaming comprising a plate and a shell rigidly connected to it, the plate has an annular projection pyramidal in cross section on the outer side, with an inner inclined side of which the ring end face of the lid contacts in a closed position. 3. The hatch is protective and hermetic, characterized in that it contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid with a seal is pivotally fixed, while on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which the slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located and a screw fixed in the glass, guides are fixed on the lid on its lower side, in which levers are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, grooves are made in the glass wall on its opposite sides, in which the levers are movably located, the glass on its lower end is made with a plate, which is connected by springs to the levers, each of which has a stepped shape, a threaded hole is made in the end of each guide from its lower side, in which there is an adjustment screw in contact with the lower surface the lower stage of the lever, the surface of the lower stage of each lever is made rectilinear, the end of each lever is made in the form of a truncated cone and located with the possibility of pressing it against the coaming, on the side limiters are fixed, and screws resting on the coaming plate are fixed on the cover on the brackets. 4. The hatch is protective and hermetic, characterized in that it contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid with a seal is pivotally fixed, while on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which the slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located and a screw fixed in the glass, guides are fixed on the lid on its lower side, in which rods are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, grooves are made in the glass wall on its opposite sides, of which rods are movably arranged, in each rail a pinol is mounted that is pivotally connected to an adjacent rod, coaming and the cover are made in a plan view in the form of a square, on the diagonal axes of which there are guides, rods and pins, in the slider there are slots at which the ends are located rods, the lid has a rigidly connected upper sheet and lower sheet, between which a heater is located, a stopper is attached to the lower sheet, which is pivotally connected to the lower sheet of the cover, and the hatch is equipped with a coam fixed signaling the lid assembly in a casing having a shelf for supporting it on the stopper when the cover is open, the coaming on the outside of its external contour has chamfered faces downward, and wherein said contour has a coaming cavity filled with insulation. 5. The hatch is protective and hermetic, characterized in that it contains coaming, on the outside of which the lid is pivotally fixed, while on the lower side of the lid there is a glass in which the slide with screw thread is movably located, in engagement with which is located and fixed in a screw, on the lid on its lower side there are fixed guides in which rods are movably mounted, each of which is pivotally connected to the slide, grooves are made in the glass wall on its opposite sides, in which rods are located, each rod is made adjustable in length from two parts connected by a threaded sleeve, the guide of each rod is fixed to the end of the hollow strut, rigidly fixed to a round spherical cover, each part of the rod is pivotally connected to the kicker, the hinged connection of the cover to the coaming includes brackets that in the top view, they are bent to the center of the hatch, coaming in its cross section has a flat surface inclined to the center of the hatch, perimeter closed and located in the plane of the cone, whose apex is lies on the vertical central axis of the hatch, respectively, to such an arrangement of the indicated inclined surface there is an end closed surface of the hatch cover, which is tightly adjacent to the indicated inclined flat surface of the coaming in the working position of the hatch, while the coaming includes a ring and a ring rigidly attached to its lower side, and the ring in its cross section it has the shape of a triangle with an inclined downward outer surface.

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