RU2374101C2 - Device for emergency brake application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automotive industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automotive industry, particularly to equipment increasing vehicle safety in emergency braking. Proposed device represents enclosed vessel arranged symmetric about vehicle lengthwise axis, vessel holes made in its front are stopped by membrane and protective decorative film. Aforesaid vessel is filled with non-freezing non-combustible neutral fluid. Vessel houses pyrocartridge with electric primer and fluid availability pickup connected to microprocessor. Range metre, accelerometre and pressure gauge arranged in braking pedal are also connected to microprocessor. Range metre is fitted to have its optical axis aligned with vehicle gravity center motion direction.

EFFECT: higher safety.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and the operation of road transport, in particular to equipment that improves the safety of vehicles.

With the increase in the number of cars in simultaneous movement and at high speeds on highways, the number of dangerous catastrophic situations increases. In situations where the inevitability of a collision or collision is inevitable, it is very important to ensure effective braking. Modern emergency brake systems on modern cars using ABS, devices with braking speed sensors and brake booster provide a sufficiently high degree of safety through the use of automation. These systems make it possible to eliminate wheel locks and even out braking moments acting on the right and left wheels to eliminate skidding. The brake booster used in modern cars has increased the safety of the driver and passengers by reducing the time it takes to start energetic impact on the brake system due to microprocessor processing, which receives information from speed sensors and instantly creates maximum braking torque, while maintaining stability and controllability of the car in an extreme situation braking. However, the different state of the road surface depending on weather conditions sometimes nullifies all the achievements of such automation.

So spoilers and rear wings used on cars, which improve the aerodynamics of the car and create additional force, pressing the car to the road at high speeds, do not work at low speeds.

As a prototype, it is advisable to consider an automatic emergency braking assistance system based on ABS, installed on modern cars and trucks and included in a more complex emergency braking system.

In most cases of emergency braking, the braking distance exceeds that necessary for safe braking. However, in experimental cars designed for sports and other purposes, it is possible to reduce the braking distance by using a brake parachute or by creating reactive traction.

A design of a device for emergency braking of a vehicle is proposed, which creates additional braking torque due to the use of a liquid-gas jet directed against the movement and placed in various parts of the vehicle, such as a bumper, spoiler, rear wing, footrests, roof support pipes or additional bumpers (the so-called "kenguryatniki").

Such an emergency braking system should be included as an integral part of the ABS-based emergency braking assistance system, since it effectively works in the final stage of braking, when all the possibilities of automatic braking based on ABS are used, and the vehicle’s speed of approaching the obstacle is quite high. In this case, the computer system of the car includes the last reserve of reactive gas braking.

The most acceptable solution is to install an additional emergency braking system on the spoiler or in the rear side racks of the car. This arrangement increases the stability of the car due to the application of braking forces to the rear of the car and the presence of a pressing moment when the jet is ejected at an angle upward against the vehicle. The ejection of gas-liquid jets from the emergency braking device at an upward angle simultaneously eliminates the risk of impact on people who are close to the vehicle at the time of the accident.

The design of the device for emergency braking of a vehicle consists of a closed thick-walled vessel (capacity), in which pyro-cartridges with an electric fuse are activated, triggered by signals from a car computer, according to the emergency braking program. A range finder, a braking speed sensor, airbags and pressure sensors located in the brake pedal are connected to the computer. In the event of an emergency, the emergency braking program, having assessed the situation, simultaneously includes airbags and an electric airbag. The electric igniter ignites the squib, the gases emitted during the combustion of the composition foam the liquid that is in the device’s tank under a certain pressure. When the threshold pressure is reached, holes in the protective film are punched and jets of liquid are ejected outward at high speed, in the direction opposite to the movement, creating a reactive braking moment.

The essence of the proposed device for emergency braking of the vehicle lies in the fact that its design is a closed chamber filled with a non-combustible composition, along the entire length of the vessel there are pressure holes located on the surface of the device and directed towards the vehicle. Inside the device there is a pyro cartridge with an electric valve connected to the control microprocessor, to which a range finder, a braking speed sensor, an accelerometer and pressure sensors installed in the brake pedal are also connected. The igniter of the igniter is triggered according to the program stored in the microprocessor's memory, depending on the current information coming from the range finder, the braking speed sensor, accelerometer and pressure sensor. The pyrotechnic cartridges installed on the device for emergency braking of the vehicle operate both in manual and automatic mode. In the initial state, the holes in the bumper are covered with a decorative protective film. When igniting the squib, instantly generating gases create high pressure in the interior of the device for emergency braking of the vehicle. Under their influence, holes in the decorative protective film are instantly opened, and powerful jets of non-combustible liquid are thrown forward. The resulting reactive moment creates an additional inhibitory effect on the car, reducing its braking distance. In catastrophic cases of collision with obstacles or collisions at high speed, a fire often occurs as a result of a fuel spill. If at the same time the driver remains in a capable state, then he is unlikely to be able to quickly use a fire extinguisher, which should be in every car or other vehicle. Such a device for emergency braking of a vehicle is at the same time also a fire fighting device, when it is filled with a quenching liquid, which is thrown towards the collision of the vehicle with an obstacle. In the event of a collision with an obstacle without the participation of the driver, fire and fire are prevented due to the instantaneous actuation of the igniter and the intensive discharge of the quenching fluid into the collision zone.

The response time of the squibs is determined by the microprocessor according to the information received from the range finder, the braking speed sensor, the pressure sensor and accelerometer sensors. The emergency braking program embedded in the microprocessor determines the moment of optimal activation of the igniter for the most effective mode of additional braking, thereby reducing the consequences of an emergency. There is a mode of both manual and automatic and remote inclusion of these funds.

Thus, the device for emergency braking of a vehicle is designed to prevent a collision with an obstacle, a person or an animal by reducing the braking distance. The effect of such a device for emergency braking of a vehicle is to prevent contact with the object or to reduce the destructive effect in the event of a collision due to the additional repayment of the approach speed, as well as the additional ability to extinguish or prevent fire of vehicles during a collision of vehicles.

Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 presents a diagram of such a device for emergency braking of a vehicle and design options, where

1. Spoiler or wing.

2. The camera.

3. The fluid.

4. The squib.

5. Electric fuse.

6. Reduction holes.

7. Protective film.

8. The microprocessor.

9. Rangefinder.

10. Accelerometer.

11. The pressure sensor.

12. Fluid sensor.

13. The pedal.

14. Airbags.

15. Remote control receiver.

16. The remote control.

17. Reflector.

18. The bumper.

19. The bandwagon.

20. Blue tooth or Wi-Fi.

21. The support pipe.

22. The brake speed sensor.

23. The device of the reversal of the rangefinder.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a device for emergency braking of a vehicle in statics, where a spoiler or wing (1), a chamber (2) filled with a non-combustible and non-freezing fluid (3), a squib (4) with an electric valve (5). On the front side of the device, reduction holes (6) are made, covered with a decorative protective film (7). The electric valve (5) is connected to the output of the microprocessor (8), which controls the moment of operation of the electric valve (7). A braking speed sensor (22), a pressure sensor (11) located in the brake pedal (13), and a fluid sensor (12) located in the chamber (2) are also connected to the microprocessor (8). The microprocessor (8) is also connected to the rangefinder (9), the device for turning the rangefinder (23) and the accelerometer (10).

A device for emergency braking of a vehicle operates as follows. In the initial state, the microprocessor (8) is in the on state and constantly receives information from the range finder (9), oriented along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and rotated towards the car’s turn in the curved sections of the highway, combined with the headlight turnaround device. The driver at the time of the expected danger transfers the microprocessor to automatic control of the brake system. With manual control, the driver himself determines the need and the moment the electric valve is turned on (5). In automatic mode, the electric valve (5) is activated according to the emergency braking program embedded in the microprocessor (8), taking into account the continuously received information from the range finder (9), the braking speed sensor (22) and the pressure sensor (11). At the time of collision with an obstacle, in the event of a failure of the microprocessor or the switching elements of the device for emergency braking of the vehicle, the activation of the electric fuse (5) will occur according to information taken only from the accelerometer (10), if the threshold overload is exceeded.

The inclusion of the electric fuse (5) is carried out with the necessary lead and calculation for the maximum inhibitory effect. When igniting the squib (5), the instantly forming gases create high pressure in the internal space. Under high pressure, the fluid inside the vehicle's emergency braking device instantly opens the pressure reducing holes (6) in the decorative protective film (7), and powerful jets of non-combustible liquid (3) are thrown forward in the direction of the vehicle. An electric valve installed in the cavity of the device for emergency braking of the vehicle is fixed in it with the help of a locking device (19), eliminating the breakthrough of gases to the outside.

The igniter of the device for emergency braking of the vehicle is connected to a microprocessor (8), which receives information from the accelerometer (10), the brake speed sensor and the range finder (9). According to this information, the microprocessor (8) determines the moment of optimal activation of the igniter (4) for effective braking, reducing the consequences of an emergency. The range finder (9), mounted on the rotary device (23), as a rule, is combined with the headlights heading device in the direction of the car’s movement, which makes it possible to more accurately keep the approaching obstacle in focus, which increases the reliability of the entire emergency braking system of the car. A variant of the range finder with a circular view and maintaining the orientation of the optical axis of the range finder in the direction of movement of the vehicle's center of gravity.

The accelerometer (10) of the vehicle’s emergency braking device is configured to accelerate significantly higher than that which occurs during the harshest operation of the vehicle to prevent false triggering of the system, and computer programs for controlling the vehicle’s emergency braking should have increased noise immunity to external and internal, destabilizing factors.

Pyro cartridge with electric valves can be designed for different energy returns, which allows you to design systems with more effective braking and fire properties for various types of vehicles.

At the same time, the emergency braking device can act as a fire extinguisher. This mode can be provided in the microprocessor program. In fire extinguishing mode, the device operates as follows: when the igniter is triggered, the fluid pressure (3) in the internal volume of the chamber (2) of the vehicle’s emergency braking device jumps to the value at which the protective film breaks (7). The liquid (3) from the chamber (2) through the pressure reducing holes (6) is thrown out in the form of jets directed against the movement of the car, at the same time creating a braking moment and pressing force.

The device for emergency braking of the vehicle after operation, if it has not been damaged, can be used repeatedly by recharging, as is done with fire extinguishers. There is no need to remove it from the vehicle, which facilitates maintenance. For each individual vehicle, catastrophic events are a rather rare event, and therefore the device for emergency braking of the vehicle, being in constant readiness, will practically not create additional problems for the owner or maintenance personnel and will be checked only at the next technical inspection of the vehicle .

The use of fluid in the device for emergency braking of the vehicle as an intermediate agent is advisable, as it increases the ejected mass, and hence the kinetic energy necessary for braking. The vehicle pressing force of the vehicle emergency braking device currently in use decreases as the vehicle decelerates, and it begins to slide, resulting in an increase in braking distance. In the proposed device for emergency braking of a vehicle, the force pressing the vehicle does not depend on the speed of the vehicle, but only on the power of the charge, its burning time and the slope of the reactive liquid-gas jet vector, which significantly affects the braking distance in the direction of its reduction.

The domestic industry produces squibs of different capacities and characteristics. So, for example, the squib used in aircraft ejection seats, has a caliber from 27.5 to 51 mm. Such a squib can be used in the proposed bumper. The operating temperature range at which it can reliably operate is from -60 to +80 degrees Celsius.

The device for emergency braking of the vehicle of the proposed design can be placed in various parts of the vehicle, see figure 4, such as the bumper, spoiler (wing), footrests, support pipes on the roof or additional bumpers (the so-called "kenguryatniki"), rear racks bodywork, and are useful for preventing accidents during the operation of motor vehicles in situations when the car is stuck at a level crossing. The inclusion of the brake bumper will allow you to throw the car back and clear the railway tracks. But for the safety of the driver, it is possible to remotely turn on the device using the remote control and the receiver via Blue tooth or Wi-Fi channels. In this case, the receiver located on the braking device must be self-powered. Using the Blue tooth or Wi-Fi communication channel with the world processor eliminates wired communication with the emergency braking device, increasing the reliability of the entire vehicle security system in extreme situations.

Separate execution of the right and left parts of the emergency braking device, with their independent control, will allow using a computer program to stop the uncontrolled turn of the vehicle.

In mountainous areas, a brake device for emergency braking of a vehicle will give the driver a chance to stay on the edge of the abyss in a critical situation, and thus prevent a fatal fall from a height. On all-terrain vehicles, the vehicle’s emergency braking device and the hinged pipes can be an additional means of preventing severe consequences in a collision with natural obstacles when overcoming rough terrain. The off-road bumpers made in the form of steel volumetric pipes are optimally adapted to accommodate the device proposed by the author in them. In addition, the tubular footboard (23) of the “SUV”, with independent control, can be used to create a lateral compensating moment, which will more effectively compensate for the effects arising from side impacts. Deployment of the bumper must always be consistent with the moment of deployment of the airbags, and the deployment threshold is selected for overloads that obviously exceed the operational ones.

A timely activated emergency braking device will allow, on the one hand, to reduce the braking distance, and the moment of impact will occur at lower final speeds, which will significantly reduce the traumatic consequences for drivers and passengers. The ability to throw a fire-fighting agent into the collision zone reduces the likelihood of a fire, since the liquid-gas mixture is released forward in the direction of the vehicle and at an angle upwards and will fall into the impact zone.

Bumpers, made in the form of pipes installed as additional accessories (“kenguryatniks”) on many passenger cars - off-road vehicles, can combine the function of an additional device for emergency braking, have autonomous or remote control, contain an accelerometer, a microchip, a pyro cartridge with an electric fan.

Claims (4)

1. Device for emergency braking of the vehicle, placed in the bumper, spoiler, wing, footrests, support pipes on the roof of the vehicle, additional bumpers or rear pillars of the vehicle body, characterized in that it is arranged symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle at least one closed volumetric vessel filled with a non-freezing non-combustible neutral liquid, with openings in the front part closed by a membrane and decorative protective film, and with a pyro cartridge installed inside the vessel with an electric valve and a liquid presence sensor connected to a microprocessor, to which a range finder, accelerometer and pressure sensor are also installed, installed in the vehicle’s brake pedal, while the range finder is installed with the possibility of holding its optical axis in direction of movement of the vehicle's center of gravity. 2. The device for emergency braking of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric fuse and the liquid presence sensor are connected to a remote control receiver connected to the control microprocessor using a remote control device via a Blue-tooth or Wi-Fi channel. 3. The device for emergency braking of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that when the device is installed in a spoiler and / or in the rear pillars of the body, the direction of release of the braking jet from the device is oriented at an angle upward and against the movement of the vehicle. 4. The device for emergency braking of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the range finder is mounted on a rotary device.

Images