RU2373699C2 - Maternity box for cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: box features a front wall, a feeding trough, an automatic water bowl or a vacuum hose for the milking unit, as well as a semi-box for keeping a new-born calf. The box walls are low and dismountable; the box is equipped with hinged side stoppers of the stall and the semi-box. The semi-box has a support bracket for a removable automatic holder of the suckle feeder.

EFFECT: reduced labour costs, increased cow productivity.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for keeping animals.

A well-known maternity box (stall) for cows, including lateral high solid fencing, floor, feeder, automatic watering and vacuum pipe [1, p.134-135]. Also known is a box for keeping a cow with a calf, characterized by trellised fencing [2]. The disadvantage of these devices is the impossibility of normalized (dosed) sucking colostrum by the calf, the possibility of injuring the calf by a cow, the chaotic contamination of the box floor with excrement and the high labor costs of cleaning the box, as well as the possibility of the calf swallowing litter stems and feces, which can lead to fatal dyspepsia.

A maternity box with continuous high walls is also known, inside which a folding wall cage for a calf is installed, consisting of two sidewalls and a bottom pivotally attached to the walls of the box [3], and a box for keeping cows and newborn calves with continuous high walls, in which a calf cage with side rails made in the form of multiple parallelograms or sashes, and a front wall with a gate [4]. The purpose of these modifications of the maternity boxes is to conduct dosed sucking of the colostrum by the calf at the mother and to protect the calf from injury.

The disadvantages of the above modifications of the maternity boxes is that the cows in the box are kept untied for the entire period of detention, randomly pollute the floor, and then themselves, with excrement, which requires large labor costs for cleaning the floor and animals. Due to the high labor costs for cleaning, the maternity boxes are rarely preserved, where cow mowing is carried out directly in the stalls, on a leash. The possibility of a calf dyspepsia is not excluded due to contamination of the cell floor with excrement. The construction of calf cages with folding walls and a floor or with hinged or sash walls with a wicket is quite expensive. Stall enclosures should be equipped so that the cow located in it does not detect a significant change in the situation and visually contacts the animals of the prenatal section [5, p. 78]. In the presence of high and especially solid walls of the boxes, giving birth to a cow is rather difficult.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce labor costs and increase animal productivity.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the maternity box for cows contains a front wall, a feeder, an automatic drinker or a vacuum pipe for the milking machine and a half box for keeping a newborn calf, while the box fencing is low and collapsible, the box is equipped with hinged side stops for the stall and half box, and the half box is installed a bracket for a removable automatic holder for the nipple drinker, and also there is an occipital stop at the feeder, staples and leash with swivels for a cow and calf and manure bins with re with bangs under their feet.

The box includes low collapsible side and rear fencing 1, a plank front wall 2, a feeding trough 3 with an occipital stop 4 and a clip 5 for tethering, a drinker 6, a socket 7 or a vacuum pipe 8 for the milking machine, a hinged side limiter for the stall 9, a manure grate 10 and a half box 11, for keeping a newborn calf on a length-adjustable leash 12 with a carabiner 13 and a swivel 14. The box also includes a hinged side stop 15, a solid floor 16 under the front and trellised 17 under the hind legs and an arm 18 with grooves under the "dovetail" of the automatic holder 19 of the nipple drinker 20. Fences 1, made of, for example, poles, are inserted into the brackets 21 of the corner posts 22, made, for example, of a square pipe.

For the entry of personnel and the cow into the box, the poles of the fence 1 are removed from the brackets 21, from the convenient side. Before calving, the cow is kept in a box without a leash, with 2 lateral stops 9 and 15 turned to the front wall 2. If necessary and to facilitate obstetric care, the box guard 1 is disassembled. After calving, the cow itself licks the calf, under the supervision and with some help of the staff. Then the afterburner is cleaned, the box floor is cleaned, the side stops 9 and 15 are rotated and fixed in hinges 23 and 24 in the normal position, and the cow and calf are tied in their places, which ensures minimal labor for cleaning animal excrement.

The calf is tied to a length-adjustable leash 12 with a carabiner 13 and a swivel 14 to a bracket 25 fixed to the bottom of the front wall 2, allowing it to either be dosed colostrum from the udder of the cow or resting on a short leash without danger of injuries from the mother, with the possibility of drinking medicinal decoctions or solutions from the nipple drinker 20 itself, for example, with diarrhea, in between sucking colostrum. It is possible for the calf to feed the colostrum of the mother from an automatic nipple drinker 20 instead of suction, for example, in case of a disease of any portion of the udder of the mother. When the calf releases the nipples 26 of the drinker 20 from the mouth, the drinker 20 itself automatically turns the nipple 26 upward, and the contents of the drinker do not pour out. The nipple drinker 20 is inserted into the removable automatic holder 19, and the holder with the drinker assembly with its “dovetail” is inserted into the grooves of the bracket 18 mounted on the front wall 2, and the presence of personnel is not required to be drunk all the time. To protect the delicate skin on the joints of the calf, the front part 16 of the floor of the half box is made of soft material, for example rubber, and the grill 17 in the back of the half box is made, for example, with a PVC coating. The calf excrement is removed by hydraulic washing through the pipe 27. The lateral limiter of the cow stall 9 is located high enough and does not prevent the calf from approaching the cow's udder. The calf can lick the front wall 2 and the solid floor 16 of the half-box 11, but they must first be cleaned, disinfected and cannot be a source of infection. Joint maintenance of calves with cows is advisable for at least four days, this has a positive effect on the health and productivity of both animals [6].

The cow is attached to the bracket 5 of the feeder with the usual three-pointed chain, the occipital restraint 4 prevents it from entering the feeder 3 with its front legs, with its rear legs it stands on the grate 10 of the manure intake, trampling its excrement under the grate with its feet, and thus remains clean when it rests. Once a day, the staff pulls out a light-welded grate 10 from the installation site and with a hand scraper removes manure from under the grate, for example, into feed passage 28. It is recommended to have 4 maternity boxes in the yard for 200 cows, therefore it is advisable to double them with one feeding trough 3 and automatic drinking 6, the drawing shows. The small height of the fencing 1, at the level of the chest of cows, for example 1 m, allows to reduce the dimensions of the maternity box to 2.2 × 2.4 m (the dimensions of two boxes in the dry group). Immediately after dosed suction, the cow is calfed with a milking machine in a bucket. In case of loose housing, cows are taken away from the maternity box 7-10 days after calving until the swelling subsides and the udder returns to normal when it can be fed like all cows of the breeding group [7, p. 225-226].

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to organize cow ripening and suction maintenance of newborn calves in maternity boxes with a minimum of labor costs, with ensuring the health and future productivity of both animals.

Information sources

1. Kleimenov N.I. and other cattle rearing systems. M., 1989.

2. Bondarev G. et al. On the cultivation of calves in the colostrum. J. "Dairy and beef cattle breeding", 1979, No. 9.

3. V.S. Shipilov, V.G. Zarosa, V.P. Karev. Maternity ward and dispensary on a dairy farm. J. "Livestock", 1986, No. 8.

4 Boxing for keeping cows and newborn calves (its variants). RU 2129778 C1, 6 A01K 1/00, 10/05/1999.

5. S.V. Botvinik et al. Reconstruction of cattle farms. M., 1987.

6. N. Sudarev. Colostrum suckling and optimal calf maintenance with mothers. J. "Dairy and beef cattle breeding", 2002, No. 4.

7. G. A. Bogdanov. Feeding farm animals. M., 1990.

Claims (2)

1. Boxing maternity for cows, containing the front wall, feeder, automatic watering socket or vacuum pipe for the milking machine, and a half box for keeping a newborn calf, characterized in that the box fencing is low and collapsible, the box is equipped with hinged side stops of the stall and half box, and in the half box a bracket for a removable automatic holder of the nipple drinker is installed. 2. Boxing according to claim 1, characterized in that there is an occipital restraint at the feeder, staples and leash with swivels for a cow and calf, and manure inlets with grates under their feet.

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