RU2202882C2 - Method for double suckling raising of young animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, stock raising. SUBSTANCE: method involves keeping calves of up to 5-day age in full suckling raising mode with cows-mothers, with following keeping of 5-6 month age calves in double suckling mode under nursing cows. EFFECT: increased young animal retention and increased average daily weight gain. 4 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to livestock.

 A known method of raising calves in the prophylactic period (ed. St. USSR 1491425, class A 01 K 67/02, 1987). Within 12 hours after birth, free feeding by their mothers is carried out, then in the next three days the calves are periodically allowed to other cows, the time after calving does not exceed 12 hours. On the fourth day, the calves are transferred to a dispensary and fed with colostrum and milk.

 The disadvantage of this method is that when growing calves used short-term suction. Following manual suction, milking contributes to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of the calves, since the bacterial contamination of milk obtained directly from the cow's udder is much lower compared to similar milk samples from the nipple drinkers from the same animals.

 Closest to the proposed method is a method of raising calves under a cow-nurse (Susoev E., Kudinov V. Cultivation of calves under a cow-nurse. // Dairy and beef cattle. 2001. - 3. - S. 8 and 9). Grown cows are carried out directly in the stalls. For 10 days the calves are sucked under the mothers, they are tied on a leash to the fence of the stall. After 10 days, the calves are weaned from their mothers and sent to the calf for rearing under nursing cows. Young growth is contained in group cells.

 The main disadvantage of this method is the content of calves in group cells, which leads to the appearance of suckling calves.

 The invention is aimed at eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages of the known, and from its use the following result can be obtained: increasing the safety of calves; increase in average daily growth of young animals; a number of labor processes are excluded (milking of cows, processing and preparation of milk and its distribution).

 This is achieved due to the fact that the calves up to five days of age are kept on a full suction with mother cows, then on a paired suction with nursing cows. The training of calves for nursing cows is carried out in specialized boxes. From a month of age, young animals with nursing cows are transferred to free-range keeping, grazed at the beginning of the grazing season.

 The method is as follows. Two days before calving, pregnant cows are transferred to a specialized box, which consists of a section for keeping a nursing cow (3 x 3 m) and two adjoining cages (1 x 3 m) for individual keeping of calves. The section and cells are equipped with feeders and drinking bowls. Doors to individual cages open inward so that the calves do not have the possibility of an independent exit. The floors in the box for the maintenance of the nurse are concrete, the cages are wooden, straw or sawdust is used as the litter.

 In the first five days of life, that is, the entire colostrum period, the calves are kept on a suction under the mother cows, on the sixth of them couples homogeneous by sex are formed and left with the cow-nurse. At the same time, less productive cows are used as nurses, and the best are transferred to the dairy herd. Calves along with the cow-nurse are kept in specialized boxes until one month of age: cows in sections on a leash, calves in individual cages. This content contributes to the natural extinction of their increased excitability during suction and prevents the appearance of calf suckers in the herd.

 In the first 15 days, young animals are admitted to the nursing cows 4-5 times a day, and then 3 times. After a month, calves and nursing cows are transferred to a joint free-range keeping in the general section. A section is arranged in the section, fenced off by poles at a height of 70-75 centimeters from the floor. This eliminates the possibility of cows moving to calves and does not interfere with the access of calves to nursing cows.

 With the beginning of the grazing season, young animals with nursing cows are grazed on natural pastures. Young animals are grown on paired suction under the nurse-cows up to 5-6 months of age.

 The advantage of the suction method of cultivation is that young animals receive benign milk of the right temperature, not contaminated with microbes and having high immune properties; excludes a number of labor-intensive processes.

 The proposed method for growing calves on a paired suction under nursing cows helps to increase the safety of calves, increase the energy of growth and development, the exclusion of a number of labor-intensive processes.

 Example.

 In the educational experimental farm of the Penza State Agricultural Academy, two groups of calves were formed on the basis of analogues: the experimental and control. An experimental group of calves was raised on a paired suction under a cow-nurse until the age of 6 months, the control with manual drinking. The results are presented in the table.

Claims (4)

 1. A method of growing young animals on a suction under the nurse-cows, characterized in that until five days of age the calves are kept on a full suction with the mother-cows, then they form pairs that are homogeneous by sex and are grown on a paired suction under the nurse-cows.  2. The method of growing young animals according to claim 1, characterized in that less productive cows are used as nursing cows.  3. The method of growing young animals according to claim 1, characterized in that the training of calves for nursing cows is carried out in specialized boxes for a month, after which they are transferred to free-range keeping.  4. The method of growing young animals according to claim 1, characterized in that at the beginning of the grazing season, young animals, along with nursing cows, are grazed on pastures.

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