RU2373160C1 - Device for producing fibre from molten rocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: device has a housing, formed by end and lateral walls, and a bottom with draw holes. The device is fitted with current leads, connected to end walls. Inside the housing above the bottom, a lower perforated heating screen with end and lateral walls is rigidly mounted, where the said screen is also rigidly fixed to the bottom using a stiffening bar, and a middle recessed perforated heating screen, rigidly fixed to end and lateral walls, on which two upper perforated heating screens are mounted along lateral walls, where the said upper screens are rigidly fixed to end walls and to the middle recessed screen. Each of the upper screens is formed by two rigidly joined perforated heating plates of unequal width with formation, together with the middle recessed screen, additional zones with a quadrilateral cross section for heating cold streams of melt. Plates of larger width are inclined to the plane of the middle screen at an angle α=42°, and plates of smaller width are inclined to the plane of the middle screen at an angle β=85°. On the axis of the housing between the middle screen and the bottom a perforated reference heater is longitudinally mounted, rigidly attached to end walls, bottom and middle screen. The reference heater is strengthened with three pairs of stiffening bars. The diametre of holes in the plates of larger width is 1.35 times the diametre of holes in plates of smaller width.

EFFECT: increased stability of process of making fibre and efficiency.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing fiber from mineral melts, namely from a melt of rocks, such as basalt.

The difficulties arising in the production of continuous fibers from rock melt are associated with the specific features of these high-temperature materials, consisting in a narrow range of melting and crystallization, leading to a narrow range of operating temperatures for fiber production.

To obtain high-quality continuous fiber, it is necessary to obtain a homogeneous melt homogeneous in temperature, which is achieved in various ways.

Known die feeder for producing continuous fiber from inorganic melts, including a housing formed by the end and side walls, current leads connected to the end walls, a die plate in its bottom with its fastening means on which a perforated heater is rigidly fixed, as well as upper and lower heating perforated screens (certificate for utility model No. 10714, IPC С03В 37/09, pr. 10.03.99).

This feeder allows to achieve a certain temperature equalization between the screens, but it does not provide complete preliminary preparation of the melt with a large temperature gradient for the necessary homogenization with the subsequent transfer of the melt to the production zone.

Known die feeder, comprising a housing formed by the side and end walls, a die bottom, current leads, perforated heating screens placed inside the housing: lower, middle, and upper heating screen, the upper part of which is sinusoidal in shape, and stiffeners rigidly attached to the upper and medium heating screens, as well as stiffeners, rigidly attached to the lower heating screen and the bottom of the die (p. RF №2315723, IPC S03B 37/09, op. 27.01.2008).

This design of the spinneret feeder is applicable only to feeders with a bottom in the form of a single cavity with a number of spinnerets of less than 800 and does not provide a complete preliminary flow for homogenization in spinneret feeders with a number of spinnerets of more than 800 due to the fact that the melt is weakly separated in the receiving zone by flows ( hot and cold). The single-cavity version of the spinneret feeder does not allow technologically conducting the process of drawing the thread with the number of spinnerets over 800.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a device for producing fibers from oxide thermoplastic materials, comprising a housing formed by side and end walls, a die plate fixed to the bottom of the housing, current leads connected to end walls, perforated lower, middle, deepened and upper heating screens, of which the upper perforated heating screen is made in a W-shaped inverted form, rigidly connected to the end walls of the housing and placed above the middle m with a heating screen at a height equal to 1.5-2.0 of the distance between the middle and lower heating screens (certificate for subway number 12555, IPC S03B 37/09, pr. 09/14/1999).

As practice has shown, the W-shaped inverted form of the upper perforated heating screen with a given ratio of the distances to the average heating screen does not provide complete preheating of the incoming melt with a large temperature gradient, and this does not allow to achieve complete homogenization of the melt in the middle zone at a significantly higher flow rate melt in the production zone at the speed of drawing the thread with a capacity of about 30 kg / h, which leads to increased breakage and a decrease in performance.

Therefore, to stabilize the process, it is necessary to increase the exposure time required for heating and homogenizing the melt in this zone, which also leads to a decrease in the productivity of the process.

Solving the problem of stable operation of the device at higher drawing speeds allows the proposed technical solution to be implemented by ensuring the melt enters the device in the required volume and temperature mode, providing optimal conditions for its further homogenization and a stable production process with high productivity.

The problem is solved as follows. In a device for producing fiber from a rock melt, including a housing formed by the end and side walls, a die bottom, current leads connected to the end walls, a lower and a middle recessed perforated heating screens placed on the middle and a perforated upper heating screen mounted on a middle recessed perforated heating screen, according to the claimed technical solution, the upper perforated heating screen is divided into two perforated heaters screen mounted at a distance from each other along the side walls and rigidly attached to the end walls and the middle recessed perforated heating screen, and along the axis of the housing between the middle recessed perforated heating screen and the bottom of the bottom there is a longitudinal support heater, rigidly fixed with end walls, spinneret bottom and middle recessed perforated heating screen.

Moreover, each upper screen is formed by at least two perforated heating plates rigidly connected to each other of larger and smaller widths, inclined to the plane of the middle in-depth perforated heating screen at angles: plates of a larger width are at an angle, α = 35 ° -45 °, and plates smaller width - at an angle β = 80 ° -85 °, forming at least a quadrangle with a middle deepened perforated heating screen in cross section.

Moreover, the longitudinal reference heater is perforated.

In addition, the longitudinal support heater is provided with at least one pair of vertical stiffeners installed on both sides thereof.

In addition, in the upper heating screens, the diameter of the holes in the plates of greater width, which are placed on the side of the cold wall flow of the melt, is (1.35-1.40) the diameter of the holes in the plates of smaller width.

Separation of the upper perforated heating screen into two screens installed at a distance from each other along the side walls and rigidly attached to the end walls and the middle recessed perforated heating screen allows us to separate the warmer flows in the receiving zone, which are centered, from the colder, wall, which fall into areas bounded by heating screens. In these zones, which have a cross section in the form of at least a quadrangle, the cold melt is located for a longer time separately from the warm flows, which allows the melt to be fed into the homogenization zone almost homogeneous with the rest of the mass entering the homogenization zone in the center, ensuring a stable production process.

In order for the required amount of melt to arrive on the spinneret plate, certain ratios of the parameters of the relative positions of the heating screens and their elements must be observed. The values of the angle of inclination of the plates of the upper perforated heating screens and the dimensions of their widths are established experimentally and are optimal. It has been established that the plate with a larger width, installed at an angle to the vertical plane of 45 ° -55 ° (which corresponds to the angle α = 35 ° - 45 °, which maximizes the preheating of the cold melt stream, has the maximum reflectivity to the incoming cold melt stream) followed by its more complete heating, thereby ensuring maximum productivity of the device.When the angle α is less than 35 °, there will not be sufficient preheating of the cold melt layer due to pain the scattering of radiant heat, and when the angle α exceeds 45 °, the inner zone of the cross section narrows, and the effect of the heating zone decreases, thereby reducing process stability and productivity.

When the angle of inclination β of the plates of a smaller width of the upper screens to the plane of the middle screen is less than 80 ° or more than 85 °, the volume of zones formed by the upper perforated heating screens and the middle deep perforated heating screen will not correspond to the conditions of melt heating and preparation under which the cold melt will homogeneous.

The installation along the axis of the housing between the middle in-depth perforated heating screen and the die bottom of the perforated support heater helps to maintain the temperature regime of the entire incoming melt in the homogenization zone and sufficient hydrostatic pressure, which, of course, ensures a stable production process and high productivity. In addition, this heater also serves as a support for the medium deep perforated heating screen to prevent its deformation during long-term operation at high temperatures, while also ensuring a stable production process and an increase in service life.

Equipping the perforated support heater with at least one pair of vertical stiffeners installed on both sides of the heater gives the support heater greater rigidity, increasing the reliability of the feeder during its long-term operation and ensuring stable operation.

The dimensions of the diameters of the holes in the plates forming the upper screens are selected experimentally. The implementation in the plates of greater width, located on the side of the cold melt stream, of holes with a diameter equal to 1.35-1.40 of the diameter of the holes in the plates of a smaller width, is necessary and sufficient for the unhindered passage of the viscous cold melt into zones having a cross section in the form of at least least quadrangle for additional warming up.

The presence of essential features distinctive from the prototype allows us to recognize the claimed technical solution as new.

The prior art does not reveal technical solutions that match the distinguishing features of the claimed device, therefore, it meets the criterion of inventive step.

The possibility of implementing the inventive device in industry allows us to recognize its relevant criteria for industrial applicability.

Figure 1 presents a device for producing fiber from a melt of rocks, a General view with a section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1.

A device for producing fiber from a melt of rocks includes a housing formed by end 1 and side 2 walls, a spinneret bottom 3 with spinnerets. The housing is surrounded by a refractory mass (not shown). To heat the structural elements and the melt, the device is equipped with current leads 4 connected to the end walls 1. Inside the casing above the die bottom 3, a lower perforated heating screen 5 is fixed, which is rigidly fastened to the side 2 and end 1 walls of the case, and also with the die bottom 3 with ribs stiffness 6. Inside the casing there is also installed a middle deepened perforated heating screen 7, and two upper perforated heating screens 8 are installed on it. The upper screens 8 are installed at a distance of a friend from each other along the side walls 2 of the device. The middle in-depth perforated heating screen 7 is rigidly fixed with end 1 and side 2 walls of the housing. Each of the upper perforated heating screens 8 is formed by two perforated heating plates 9 and 10 rigidly connected to each other of unequal width with the formation, together with the middle deepened perforated heating screen 7 of additional zones having a quadrangular cross section for heating cold wall melt flows. The plates 10 having a large width are inclined to the plane of the middle in-depth screen 7 at an angle α = 42 °, and the plates 9 having a smaller width are inclined to the plane of the middle in-depth screen 7 at an angle β = 85 °. A perforated support heater 11 is mounted longitudinally along the housing axis between the middle perforated heating screen 7 and the die bottom 3, rigidly fixed to the end walls 1, the die bottom 3 and the middle deepened perforated heating screen 7. The support heater 11 is reinforced with three pairs of stiffeners 12, which are made in the form of corners. The die plate 3 is supported on a cooled support (not shown). The diameter of the holes in the plates 10 is 1.35 of the diameter of the holes in the plates 9.

The device operates as follows.

The molten rock flows from the furnace feeder shaft into the heated casing to the upper heating shields 8 and the middle recessed screen 7. The warm melt flows in the middle of the stream pass between the upper heating shields 8 to the middle recessed heating screen 7. The cold wall melt flows into the areas having a cross-sectional shape of a quadrangle, formed by the upper screens 8 and the middle recessed screen 7, which for a longer time overcome these areas of the screens, and due to at the exit from them become almost homogeneous, the same as the rest of the melt mass passing through the central part of the device. Then, the flow, passing the middle heating screen 7, enters the homogenization zone, where the melt is aligned almost over the entire cross section in temperature and, therefore, in viscosity, creating the necessary hydrostatic pressure, with subsequent passage through the lower heating screen 5, enters homogeneous into the production zone and on the spinneret bottom 3 with the necessary viscosity, temperature and hydrostatic pressure, ensuring the stability of the drawing process and high productivity. As a result of a three-stage treatment, the basalt melt enters the fiber formation zone, having the same temperature and viscosity. The resulting fiber is twisted into a thread and fed to a winding device (not shown).

The table below gives an example of the performance of the proposed device for producing fiber from a melt of rocks, namely from basalt.

Technical advantages of the claimed device are identified in comparison with the known technical solutions of the same problem, indicating the availability of their specific data, including the closest analogue.

The table shows that the presence of new structural elements, the new implementation of the individual existing elements in the inventive device provides a higher result in the stability of the drawing process, productivity and service life.

Claims (4)

1. A device for producing fiber from a melt of rocks, including a housing formed by the end and side walls, a die bottom, current leads connected to the end walls, the lower and middle in-depth perforated heating screens placed on the middle and the upper perforated heating screen mounted on the middle in-depth perforated heating screen characterized in that the upper perforated heating screen is divided into two perforated heating screens, setting at a distance from each other along the side walls and rigidly attached to the end walls and the middle recessed perforated heating screen, and along the body axis between the middle recessed perforated heating screen and the die bottom, a longitudinal support heater is rigidly fixed to the end walls, the die bottom and the middle a deep perforated heating screen, wherein each upper perforated heating screen is formed by at least two rigidly connected between each other with perforated heating plates of a larger and smaller width, inclined to the plane of the middle deepened perforated heating screen at angles: a plate of a larger width - at an angle α = 35-45 °, and a plate of a smaller width - at an angle β = 80-85 °. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal reference heater is perforated. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal reference heater is equipped with at least one pair of vertical stiffeners installed on both sides of it. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper heating screens the diameter of the holes in the plate with a larger width is (1.35-1.40) the diameter of the holes in the plate with a smaller width.

Images