RU1293U1 - Multi-feed feeder for the manufacture of continuous fiber from rock melt - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A multi-filler feeder for the manufacture of continuous fiber from a melt of rocks, comprising a housing, a die plate connected to it with dies, and current leads placed on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the die plate, characterized in that it is provided with a convex perforated heating screen mounted above the die plate with the greatest removal of its longitudinal axis of symmetry and the smallest distance to the die most distant from this axis so that in the cross section of the feeder the distance between the lower The surface of the screen and the upper plane of the die plate is 1/15 - 1 of the distance between the extreme dies. 2. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the convex perforated heating screen is connected to current leads. 3. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the convex perforated heating screen is made in its cross section in the form of ^.

Description

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Multi-feed feeder for the manufacture of continuous fiber from rock melt

The utility model relates to devices for the production of fibers from mineral melts, namely: multifilament feeders, for the manufacture of continuous fiber from molten rocks, such as basalt.

Certain difficulties arising in the production of continuous fibers from rock melt are associated primarily with the specific features of these high-temperature materials - a narrow melting and crystallization interval, high viscosity. A steep viscosity curve depending on temperature and high wettability of platinum alloys used for the manufacture of feeders. These properties of the melts are responsible for a narrow range of operating temperatures for fiber production.

It is well known that in order to obtain high-quality continuous fiber, a homogeneous melt homogeneous in temperature is required.

The trend in the design of multi-filler feeders is currently aimed at eliminating the uneven cooling of its die plate along the plane, which proceeds from the premise that a uniform melt is supplied to the die plate. According to some experts, the elimination of the temperature heterogeneity of the melt in the working zone in the local sections of the die plate should be solved by eliminating the temperature heterogeneity of the die plate itself, without direct

The well-known design of multifilter eta | 1yKhrTNogo 2rO-die-j

feeder, as part of the smelter cbcYua-DOGya Т1олучъНИЯ.

commercial fiber, including a housing, spinneret p-plate with spinnerets;

and current leads, (authors Guzhavin A.V. and Gorodetskaya S.V. Received -

continuous fiber from basalt. Sat Volok-ietade-, ia (.terial.,,:

basalts of Ukraine, ed. Technique, 1971, p. 45).

An attempt to produce continuous fiber from basalt using a known technical solution was unsuccessful. The process of stretching the fiber lasted only a few tens of seconds. In other cases, the basalt melt either crystallized in the feeder dies or flowed out of them with a jet. When basalt flowed out, strong swimming of the die plate was observed.

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It was not possible to achieve stable fiber production over all areas of the die plate, according to the opinion of experts recognized today, due to the uneven distribution of temperature across the die plate. Indeed, a uniformly thin spinneret plate non-uniformly cooling in the cross section, from the periphery to the center, under conditions of local temperature inhomogeneity of the viscous basalt melt entering it, does not provide a stable process for obtaining a uniform fiber.

The well-known design of the multi-filter feeder worked in conditions. When the temperature heterogeneity of the basalt melt entering the mine is due to the uneven distribution of cold basalt along its surface, loaded in the center of the die feeder. Due to the high viscosity and low thermal conductivity, which is locally nonuniform in temperature, the melt pump with a pronounced temperature dependence of viscosity, falling on an unevenly cooled spinneret plate reacts to its temperature inhomogeneity by the breakage of the produced fibers.

Also known is the design of a multifilter feeder, which is part of a specially designed 100-spinneret vessel for producing continuous basalt fiber. The feeder has a housing, a die plate with dies, current leads. The thickness of the spinneret plate is doubled compared to standard designs, (ed. Guzhavin AB and Gorodetskaya SV, Production of continuous fiber from basalt, Sat. Fibrous - .d. From basalton of Ukraine, published by Technika, 1971, p. . 46-47).

A disadvantage of the known feeder is also the equal thickness of the die plate. Despite the uniform loading of basalt along the length of the die feeder, (filamentary plate), and the uniform distribution of melt temperatures in this direction, as well as the strict maintenance of the set temperature of the filler plate with an accuracy of ± 5 ° C, the temperature inhomogeneity along the width of the die plate is uncontrollable temperature heterogeneity of the melt of a sufficiently high viscosity, as a result of which an excessively large debit of the melt from the dies occurs along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the fidier oh plate or crystallization of the melt in the peripheral spinnerets width spinneret plate.

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Feeders are also known, the design of which is aimed at eliminating uneven heating along its length. Different temperatures at the ends and in the center of the die plate of the feeder arise due to the placement of cooled current leads at its ends.

Thus, a multi-filler feeder for producing fiber from inorganic melts is known, including a plate with dies connected to the wings and current leads. (A.S. USSR N 1573006, POPs 37/06, 3.02.02.88, op, 06.22.90., Bull. N 23).

Also known is a spinneret feeder comprising a housing that acts as a spinneret plate, under which spinneret nozzles are located, with wings and current leads. To eliminate temperature heterogeneity along the length of the hull, wings made with cuts perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hull have cuts of different lengths determined by the above formula. (A.S. USSR N 623836, POPs 37/02, c. 19.10.76, dated 15.09.78., Bull. N 34)

A feeder for producing melts from thermoplastic materials and metals is also known, in which, to ensure temperature uniformity along the length of the housing, it is equipped with conductive elements installed in the side walls of the housing connected by removable conductive jumpers through which a part of the current passing through the Housing is branched and density The temperature in the zone of its overheating decreases, which leads to equalization of the melt temperature along the length of the body.

These known devices provide uniform temperature distribution along the length of the die plate. However, the peripheral sections along the width of the die plate are heated much less than the central ones. This leads to breakage of the fibers if they are excessively cooled due to the increased crystallization ability of the basalt melt, or the dies melt when the plate is heated to produce fiber, due to a sharp increase in the melt viscosity with slight overheating, as well as increased wetting ability of the basalt melt feeder material.

The temperature inhomogeneity of the rock melt entering the die plate is enhanced by various temperature conditions along the width of the die plate.

- Known multi-filler feeder - a device for producing fiber from a thermoplastic material, consisting of a housing with a spinneret plate and a current lead (AS USSR N 908753, POPs 37/09, 3. 08.07.80, on, 02.28.82., Bull . N 8). The feeder is also equipped with a current lead, a current lead, which directly supplies current to the die plate over its entire width. This allows a more uniform heating of the die field in width.

Also known is a non-filter feeder for producing fibers from a thermoplastic material, (A.S. USSR N 704917, POPs 37/09, June 23, 78, on December 25, 79, bull. No. 47), including a housing with end walls , a spinneret plate and a current lead assembly made of vertical and horizontal scarves. The current supply is connected to the spinneret plate over its entire width and ensures uniform temperature distribution over the width of the spinneret plate.

A multi-filler feeder is also known, including a die plate with dies, including current leads with current leads, in which, to ensure the isothermal of the die plate, the current lead is made in the form of a corner, one of the shelves of which is installed horizontally with respect to the lower edge of the end wall of the device for uniform current bias to the die plate along its width (A.S. USSR N 1655922, POPs 37/09, c. 20.06.89, op, 06.15.91., bull. N 22).

However, the presented well-known feeders having a uniform temperature across the width of the spinneret plate do not provide a technologically stable process for producing fiber from a rock melt having specific properties. This is due to the fact that when using opaque basalt, in contrast to transparent glasses, the melt is heated by transferring heat by radiation from the walls of the feeder through the glass mass, in the case of basalt, the heat transfer from the die plate and the walls of the vessel is significantly reduced. The thermal balance of the feeder is disturbed. Even with uniform heating of the walls of the feeder and the die plate across the width, the basalt melt does not meet the possibility of producing high-quality fibers, if its specificity is not taken into account. So, upon receipt of a temperature-inhomogeneous, with zones of increased viscosity of the melt K of the surface even evenly across the width of the heated die plate, averaging over the temperature adjacent to it

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- the volume of the melt does not occur. Unable to warm up evenly due to its low thermal conductivity, the basalt melt immediately flows onto the die plate, due to the high ability of the plate material to be wettable by the melt, which does not ensure process stability.

Also known is the design of a multi-filler feeder, which solves the problem of eliminating the temperature heterogeneity of the melt throughout the spinneret plate (AS USSR N 791669, POPs 37/09, 3. 07.04.78, 00, 30.01.80., Bull. N 48) . The feeder includes a spinneret assembly made in the form of vertical tubes in a structural system of the feeder, representing parallel electrical resistance. In the case of overheating of any die, its electrical resistance increases and less current passes through it, due to which this die is heated less compared to other dies. Such automatic self-alignment of the die temperature leads to temperature uniformity of the entire die field of the feeder.

However, with the possible presence of slurries, strands, local volumes of low viscosity in the incoming melt, the feeder design, which provides only direct melt to the nozzles, without additional preheating to eliminate possible inhomogeneities, does not allow the process of producing fibers of the same diameter without it clippings.

Also known is a die feeder, comprising a housing and a die plate, made in the form of connected vertically arranged tubes, current leads (AS USSR N 876569, POPs 37/09, 3. 08.01.80, op, 10.30.81., Bull. N 40). The connection diagram of the tubes in the Design diagram of the die feeder through the use of a mixed electrical connection of the tubes ensures the temperature uniformity of the die field over its entire area. However, upon receipt of the fiber from the melt of rocks and the possible presence of viscous inhomogeneities or mechanical inclusions in the melt, they get stuck in the openings of the dies, which cannot be prevented due to the design of the feeder, designed for direct supply of the melt to the dies, due to which fiber breakage is observed.

Also known is a multi-feeder feeder for the manufacture of continuous fiber from a rock melt, including a housing, a die plate connected to it, and current leads placed along the longitudinal axis of the oiometry of the die plate. To equalize the temperature of the melt entering the dies, it is made with a longitudinal axial section in the form of a symmetrical pentagon and longitudinal grooves located above the dies of each row (A.S. USSR N 1449549, POPs 37/09, з 02.07.86, on 01.01.89., Bulletin N 1). However, the rhythmic arrangement of the longitudinal grooves for the melt heated by the feeder to enter into them, without taking into account the direction of cooling of the die plate from its periphery to the longitudinal axis of symmetry and the equal thickness across the die plate of sections free from longitudinal grooves, do not allow aligning the temperature of the melt with the die width plates. In addition, longitudinal grooves designed to equalize the temperature of each row of dies individually, when a viscous, locally temperature-inhomogeneous melt of rocks enters them does not align, but increases the temperature dispersion in the cross section of the die plate and feeder. The design of the feeder, designed for direct supply of melt to the production of fiber, in the case of the presence of slurries, strands, non-industrial inclusions and local volumes of increased viscosity that can clog the dies, does not exclude the shutdown of the process. To eliminate non-melts of high-temperature melt in one zone of the die plate, significant overheating of the die plate is required, which in this design is possible only over its entire width, which leads to a sharp decrease in the viscosity of the melt in another zone and uncontrolled outflow of melt jets through the nozzles.

The known design does not provide a stable process for the production of fibers from high-temperature thermoplastic materials with a narrow temperature range for fiber production - rock melts. More intense heat transfer from sections of the spinneret plate farthest from its longitudinal axis of symmetry does not allow it to be isothermal in cross section. This leads to an increase in fiber breakage, both in the spinnerets farthest from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the spinneret plate due to supercooling of the melt, and in the central spinnerets due to its overheating. The well-known design of this closest analogue / g / U - CP,

ha does not ensure the stability of the production of continuous fiber from a melt of rocks. This is due to an attempt to ensure uniformity of the production material of the ways to equalize the temperatures of the melt entering the feeder dies.

The problem to which the claimed utility model is directed is to create a multifilter feeder for stable production of fiber from rock melt by uneven heating of the melt relative to the plane of the spinneret plate along its width.

This task is achieved in that the multi-filler feeder for the manufacture of continuous fiber from rock melts, including a housing, a die plate connected to it with dies and current leads arranged along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the die plate, is characterized in that it is provided with a convex perforated heating screen, mounted above the spinneret plate with the greatest distance from its longitudinal axis of symmetry and the smallest distance to the spinnest spacers farthest from this axis, so that, in cross section runner, the distance between the lower surface of the screen and the upper plane of the spinneret plate is l / 15vl distance between the extreme spinnerets. In this case, the convex perforated heating screen can be connected to current leads. In addition, a convex perforated heating screen may be made in cross section in the form of an inverted V. There may be other convex forms of execution of this screen.

Supply of the proposed multifilter feeder with a convex heating screen mounted above the spinneret plate with the greatest distance from its longitudinal axis of symmetry and the smallest distance to the spinnest spacers that are farthest from this axis, and with a strictly defined distance between the lower surface of the screen and the upper plane of the spinneret plate, defined in cross section feeder, contributes to the uneven heating of the melt entering the dies, with respect to the plane of the die plate along its width.

The melt zones, with a smaller distance between the die plate and the screen, heat up more intensively than the zones with the largest distance between them. It should be noted that when the heated material is fed to the surface of the screen, then due to the high

- {0 viscosity of a rock melt, for example basalt, melt mixing on its way from the screen to the die plate practically does not occur. When the heating screen is significantly removed from the die plate, its heat generation is compensated by a decrease in temperature along the height of the melt. Thus, the uneven heating of the die plate, due to the difference in heat transfer in width, is compensated by the uneven heating of the melt entering it.

When the distance between the lower surface of the screen and the upper plane of the die plate is less than 1/15 to the distance between the extreme dies across the die plate, the temperature difference between the melt from the screen and the die plate, changing in the direction across the die plate, becomes insufficient to compensate for its cooling in the transverse direction.

Indeed, setting the screen at a level adjacent to the spinneret plate almost eliminates the difference in the paths of the melt heated from the screen to its central and peripheral zones and does not significantly affect the temperature heterogeneity of the melt across the width of the plate. When the distance between these surfaces facing each other, which in relation to the distance between the Extreme dies across the die plate is more than 1, due to the significant viscosity and low thermal conductivity of the melt, its temperature remains high only in the immediate area of the heating screen and, along the width of the die plate, uneven Its heating and cooling is not adjusted. In this case, the melt locally non-uniform in temperature, falling onto the cooling die plate unevenly across the width, causes the dies to melt in the center of the working zone of the die plate and / or crystallize in peripheral dies. These processes lead to fiber breakage.

The perforated heating screen allows it to perform a filtering function in addition to the heating screen. The screen is also designed to remove from the slurry entering the melt generation, slits, local volumes of high viscosity.

At the same time, the screen is convex, allowing the unmelted inclusions of the melt that stand out on it to slide down along its curved generators from the areas located above the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the die plate to the zones farthest from it.

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Getting into these areas of more intense heating, where the temperature gradient along the melt height has a smaller effect on its heat-generating function of the screen, inclusions melt and flow through the through-holes of the perforated screen to the working zone - the filernon field for formation in the fiber, which allows stabilizing the process of its generation.

In the particular case of a utility model, the execution of the screen is convex, namely in the form of an inverted V, it allows you to create a rigid figure that does not require additional fastening elements, showing the mechanical strength of the screen of this profile during operation, ensuring stable operation of the feeder.

The execution of the screen in the cross section in the form of an inverted V makes it possible to more easily configure the feeder - with the known width of the die plate, or rather the distance between the most wide dies, adjust only by changing the height of the screen above the die plate. The connection of the screen with current leads allows it to be heated intensively and uniformly along its width, which makes it possible to create the same heating conditions on its surface and clearly adjust the temperature gradient of the working zone.

Distinctive features from the prototype are the supply of a multi-feeder feeder with a heating screen having the considered shape and installed in a strictly defined way.

Based on the foregoing, it follows that there is a causal relationship between the totality of all the essential features of the claimed utility model and the achieved technical result - compensation for the uneven cooling of the working zone of the die plate, limited by the extreme dies in width, and the uneven heating of the melt.

Therefore, the claimed technical solution is new.

In the drawings:

To confirm the feasibility of implementing the utility model, we describe the device in a static state, {Fig. 12).

A multi-filler feeder for producing continuous fiber from a melt of rocks, includes a housing 1 with end and side walls, connected to the housing 1 and installed in its bottom die plate 2 with dies 3. The feeder also includes current leads 4 located along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the die plate 2 and connected to the end walls of the housing 1.

The feeder is equipped with a perforated heating, solid screen 5 mounted above the spinneret plate 2 in the bottom zone of the feeder. The screen 5 is made convex, namely in the form of an inverted V with an angle located on the opposite side from the die plate 2. The components of the screen 5 are mounted at an angle to the die plate 2, and the screen 5 is placed above it with the greatest distance from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the die plate 2 and with the smallest distance to the spinnerets farthest from this axis. In this case, the screen 5 is placed so that in the cross section of the feeder the distance between the lower surface of the screen 5 and the upper plane of the die plate 2 is 1 / 15t1 of the distance between the extreme dies across the die plate. The screen 5 is connected by means of the end walls of the housing 1 to the current leads 4 and has electrical contact with them. In this case, the multi-filter feeder is equipped with a plate 6 for its installation in the bottom of the melt supply device.

As a result of the research, a prototype of a multifilter (200 spunbond) feeder was manufactured and a pilot industrial technology for the production of continuous fiber from basalt was developed.

The device operates as follows:

The molten rock — the basalt of the Mariupol deposit — enters housing 1 of a multi-filler feeder from the melt supply device (feeder) from the smelter, where basalt is melted by flare heating. Basalt melt with a temperature of 1520 ° C enters through a vertical channel of the feeder to a multi-filter feeder, while the height of the basalt melt column

is 0.12 -g 0.2m from the plane of the die plate 2 with dies 3. The melt flow flows around the convex perforated screen 5, is heated by its surface and enters the die plate through its through holes. Due to the difference in the path traveled by different volumes of the melt to the plane of the die plate, it enters it heated differently. The longer distance traveled by the melt heated from the screen to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the die plate causes its greater cooling; when it enters the central zone of the plate, it has a lower temperature. The smallest distance the heated basalt melt extends from the screen to the peripheral sections of the die plate, i.e. to the spinnerets farthest from the longitudinal axis of symmetry, and has less time to cool, therefore, when a spinneret plate enters this region, the basalt melt has a high temperature. As a result of this, the temperature of the melt entering the upper plane of the spinneret plate 2 is not uniform in its width: it is more heated at the edges and colder in the middle.

The heating of the die plate 2 along its width in the absence of a melt is also uneven due to the greater heat transfer from the edges of the die plate, therefore the die plate is more heated in the middle and colder at the edges. With mutual compensation of the considered temperature gradients of the basalt melt and the die plate in the working zone on the lower surface of the die plate, a stable melt temperature is observed across the width of the die plate, and more specifically between its extreme dies, which is 1220 ± 10 ° C.

Through the openings of the dies 3, the basaltic melt enters their lower part, where the fiber is formed into a thread. The thread through the oiling device enters the winding device, where it is wound onto bobbins.

The melt temperature in operating mode is measured by a thermocouple. The temperature control of the die plate 2 and the screen 5 is carried out automatically by changing the supply voltage to the current leads 4.

in table 1 we give examples of the implementation of the proposed device with the claimed range of ratios of the height of the screen above the die plate to the distance between its extreme dies in the cross section of the die plate and feeder (examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), as well as with transcendental values of this ratio (examples 1, 7). In addition, we present data on the result of the multi-filler feeder - prototype under the same conditions as for the claimed one (example 8).

A factor determining the stability of the production of continuous fiber is the breakage of elementary fibers. The breakage of the fibers in the formation zone is affected by the working temperature, as well as the uneven distribution of temperature over the area of the die field. Breakage is determined by the number of breaks per 1 kg. exhausted fiber.

From table 1 it can be seen that the presence of a new structural element in the multifilter feeder - a convex perforated heating screen and its special placement relative to other structural elements of the device can significantly reduce fiber breakage and increase the associated device performance. At the same time, the formation of fiber when using the proposed multifilter feeder is more stable than that of the prototype feeder. Therefore, the proposed technical solution of the multi-filter feeder opens up new prospects for the implementation of a stable production process for the production of continuous fiber from rock melts - a high-temperature material with a narrow range of operating temperatures.

At present, when work is underway on a wide industrial development of products from basalt fibers - ultra-thin heat-insulating and sound-absorbing mats, rolled materials, cords of various diameters, heat-resistant woven and non-woven materials. The production of basalt fibers is of great economic importance. In these conditions, the proposed multi-filter feeder will find wide application as a high-performance design for the production of basalt fibers.

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Claims (3)

1. A multi-filler feeder for the manufacture of continuous fiber from a melt of rocks, comprising a housing, a die plate connected to it with dies, and current leads placed on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the die plate, characterized in that it is provided with a convex perforated heating screen mounted above the die plate with the greatest removal of its longitudinal axis of symmetry and the smallest distance to the die most distant from this axis so that in the cross section of the feeder the distance between the lower The surface of the screen and the upper plane of the die plate is 1/15 - 1 of the distance between the extreme dies. 2. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the convex perforated heating screen is connected to current leads. 3. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the convex perforated heating screen is made in its cross section in the form of ^.