RU2371908C2 - Method to form and maintain glades under air power lines in protection forests - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry.

SUBSTANCE: according to the offered method within the forest areas allotted for the construction of the air power lines there must be the evaluation of the composition of lignosa and shrub, and also the reclamation condition of the soil cover. When developing the project of the construction of the air power lines there must be the project of equipment of the forest areas allotted for the construction of the air power lines. There a clearing of the forest areas allotted for the construction of the air power lines and mounting power lines. Simultaneously with the mounting of the air power lines there are works intended to equip the forest areas allotted for the construction of the air power lines. Fast-growing breed of trees are cut down, sapling of slow-growing breeds are saved. High trees of slow-growing breeds able to form multitops, the shaft is cut at the 1.5-2 m height. Clearings are seeded with the seeds of medicinal herbs and bedded out with planting stocks of bushy breed trees and shrubs taking into account reclamation condition of the soil cover.

EFFECT: method allows to maintain the ecologic component of the forest and to increase its recreational capacity.

Description

The invention relates to the field of forest management and can find application in the construction and operation of overhead power lines (VL), as well as other linear objects on clearings in protective forests. Such forests include forests of forest zones of cities.

An increase in the standard of living of the population of megacities is associated with an increase in the consumption of energy resources and the provision of a stable supply of energy to consumers, in particular electric energy. This requires the construction of additional overhead power lines.

There is a known method for keeping VL clearing, according to which a clearing in the area reserved for laying VL is freed from tree-shrub vegetation and regularly cleared (Forest Encyclopedia, Volume 2, p. 282, M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1986).

With this method of keeping clearing, in connection with the felling of trees and shrubs, there is a negative impact on the ecological component of forests, which is very important for forests of the forest park zone. Damage to forest ecology is compensated to forest owners by power engineers and is included in the cost of electricity. However, this does not provide a solution to the issue of restoration of the ecological component of forests.

There is a method of forming and maintaining glades under overhead power lines in protective forests, including clearing forest areas allocated for the construction of an overhead power line, installing power lines, planting shrub saplings (RU 2233072 C2, A01G 23/00, 07/27/2004). This method is adopted as a prototype.

The use of this method of keeping clearings allows us to solve the problem of the safe operation of overhead lines, since it limits the height of tree-shrub vegetation on the clearings to 4 meters. However, the method does not ensure the restoration of the ecological component of the forest in full and significantly impoverishes the landscape of the forest park zone.

The technical result of the invention is to ensure during the construction and operation of overhead lines the conservation of the ecological component of the forest while increasing its recreational capabilities.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of forming and maintaining clearing under the overhead power lines in protective forests, including clearing forest areas allocated for the construction of an overhead power line, installation of power lines, planting shrub saplings, according to the invention, on forest areas designated for the construction of an overhead line power transmission, assess the composition of trees and shrubs and the reclamation state of the soil cover, when developing a construction project overhead power transmission lines make up a project for arranging forest areas allocated for the construction of an overhead power transmission line, and simultaneously with the construction of an overhead power transmission line, they carry out work on the arrangement of forest areas designated for the construction of overhead power transmission lines, cut down trees of fast-growing species and preserve young trees of slowly growing species, tall trees of slowly growing species, capable of forming a multi-surface, the trunk is cut down at a height of 1.5-2 m, and at lyanah seeded, with the reclamation condition of soil, seeds, herbs and stunted seedlings planted trees and shrubs.

A new technical result of the proposed method is that the construction of the overhead power line along with its construction or overhaul allows the construction of an overhead power line with virtually no clearing and, accordingly, without negative impact of the construction of overhead lines on the ecological component of the forest while increasing recreational opportunities of the forest adjacent to the overhead power line, which increases its cad strovuyu assessment simultaneously excluded the cost of maintaining the glades in a safe condition for overhead lines.

The proposed method for the formation and maintenance of protection zones of overhead power lines is implemented in the following sequence.

At the stage of designing an overhead power transmission line in protective forests on the forest plots designated for the construction of an overhead power transmission line, a forestry assessment of tree-shrub vegetation and ameliorative condition of the soil cover is carried out. At the same time, the species composition of woody-shrubby vegetation is evaluated primarily by the growth rate, the ability to form multi-tops and decorativeness. When assessing the reclamation state of the soil cover, moisture availability, nutrient content, and soil acidity are estimated. When developing a project for laying a route along the territory of protective forests, projects are being made to equip sections of the forest designated for the construction of an overhead power line and a clearing.

Construction work begins with the laying of the road and the removal of trees and shrubs of rocks of rapid growth. When carrying out construction work related to the installation of OHL towers and wire suspension, young trees and shrubs of rocks of slow growth (spruce, fir, pine, cedar, oak) and shrubs (rose hips, viburnum, buckthorn, rosemary, etc.) are preserved. In tall trees of these species, trunks are cut down at a height of 1.5-2 m. In the glades formed when trees of rapid growth trees are removed, the seeds of medicinal herbs are sown. In this case, the composition of herbs is selected taking into account the reclamation state of the soil cover. In dry areas with light soils, seeds of drought-resistant plants are sown: oregano, thyme, St. John's wort, clover, fireweed, etc. Here are planted seedlings of rosehip bushes, aralia, elderberry. In low and damp places sown seeds of valerian, galangal, elecampane, calamus, meadowsweet and other hygrophilous plants. At such places seedlings of viburnum, buckthorn and sea buckthorn are also planted. In areas with acidic soils, lime is added. To increase soil fertility in the sown areas, complex mineral fertilizers are applied.

Thus, the construction of an overhead power transmission line and their subsequent operation will be carried out essentially without cutting down the clearing of tree-shrubbery vegetation and its subsequent maintenance in a non-forest state and, accordingly, without negative impact of the construction of overhead lines on the environmental component of the forest areas allocated for this construction. At the same time, an additional recreation area is formed for residents of the metropolis in the forest with air saturated with the healing aroma of medicinal herbs and access to the forests adjacent to the overhead power line.

Claims (1)

The method of forming and maintaining clearing under the overhead power lines in protective forests, including clearing forest areas allocated for the construction of the overhead power line, installing power lines, planting shrub saplings, characterized in that the sections of the forest designated for the construction of the overhead power line are evaluated the composition of woody-shrubby vegetation and the reclamation state of the soil cover when developing a project for the construction of an electric power line distributors draw up a project for the arrangement of forest plots designated for the construction of an overhead power transmission line, and simultaneously with the construction of an overhead power transmission line, they carry out work on the arrangement of forest plots designated for the construction of an overhead power transmission line, cut down trees of fast-growing species and preserve young trees of slowly growing species near tall trees slowly growing rocks capable of forming multi-tops, the trunk is cut down at a height of 1.5-2 m, and sown in glades, taking into account the soil condition, seeds of medicinal herbs and planted seedlings of undersized species of trees and shrubs.