RU2287259C2 - Method for development of forest stock plots adjoining conservation zones of air electric power lines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry, in particular, exploitation of forests arranged in conservation zones of linear objects such as air electric power lines.

SUBSTANCE: method involves forming, on the basis of forest management material, units arranged in conservation zones of air lines for separation thereof into individual forestry group with forest management and exploitation mode taking into account "Rules for protecting of electric mains having voltage above 1,000 V"; working out, on the basis of ocular-measurement shooting, estimation characteristic of units; working out, on the basis of said characteristic, system of measures for forming of forest kind composition, age and spatial structure of forest crop, said measures including cleaning cuttings, reforming of forest crops, planting of young trees, with cleaning cuttings, landscape cuttings and reforming cuttings being designed for creating spatial structure of forest crops enabling conservation and adequate exploitation conditions for air lines. In the process of forming plots, logging and process corridors are provided in the direction of air line rides, and haulage roads are laid out on lands free of forests. In determination of forest kind composition, age and spatial structure of forest crops, forest stock protection category should be taken into account. Landscape cuttings are effectuated in park forests for forming of spatial plantation structure providing distances from tree crowns to wires and towers safe for air line exploitation conditions. In forests referring to first group of different protection category, plantation on forest border along air line rides is reconstructed so as to alter forest crop structure by introducing tree kinds with retarded growth, increased snow and wind breakage resistance and eliminating groups of trees tending to fall onto wires and towers of air lines. Additional haulage roads are laid out on forest stock plots free of forests, where highway and railway network is available along with air lines.

EFFECT: increased safety of exploitation of air lines, reduced damage to forest ecological component in first group forests of various protection categories.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of forestry and will find application in the operation of forests located in the protected areas of linear objects, such as overhead power lines (VL).

The known ″ Method for determining the design width of the clearing for overhead lines ″ (RF Application No. 94024414, A 01 G 23/00, BI No. 8, 1996). This method includes measuring the distance between the extreme wires of the overhead line and the ground, measuring the height of trees that threaten to fall on the wires of the overhead line, calculating the distance from the tree to the projection of the extreme wire on the ground, and also sighting along the overhead lines on both sides of the forest api with a width not less than the height of the trees threatening to fall to extreme wires. At these apiaries, the height and quality indications of the trees are measured, and then the average and maximum heights are calculated before and after the projected felling for the adjacent apiaries of the forest, and the distance to the projection of the extreme wire of the overhead lines is calculated from the design height of the tree stand formed after the design of the felled trees apiary forest.

This method provides reliable protection of overhead lines from falling trees on wires and supports. However, its application is associated with the need to transfer large areas of forest land to non-forest, which requires large additional monetary costs to compensate for damage to the environment. In addition, significant costs are required for monitoring and selective cutting. In forests of equal age adjacent to the clearings of the overhead lines, sooner or later the main part of the stand will reach heights that threaten the safe operation of overhead lines. This will require the conversion of forest land into non-forest land and the conduct of clear-cutting. In the forests of the first protection group, the conduct of such logging is strictly limited. It should be noted that the first protection group includes forests located close to settlements.

The closest analogue to the proposed method is ″ Method of development of forest fund plots ″, including the formation of a site by combining allotments on the basis of common use and the implementation of forestry and reforestation measures in these areas (US Pat. No. 2175830, A 01 G 23/00, BI No. 32 , 2001).

The application of this method allows to increase the efficiency of the use of the forest fund through the integrated conduct of harvesting and reforestation.

The disadvantages of this method of development of forest fund plots are insufficient efficiency to ensure the safe operation of overhead lines and the limited use of various protection categories in forests of the first group, as well as damage to the ecological component of the forest.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the safety of overhead lines while reducing damage to the ecological component of the forest in the forests of the first group of various protection categories.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of development of forest fund plots, including the formation of plots by combining allotments on the basis of common uses and laying skidding and technological corridors, according to the invention, plots are formed by combining allotments located in the protected areas of overhead power transmission lines, in these areas eye-measuring forest taxation, on the basis of which the formation of its species composition, age and spatial structure with There are requirements for the preservation of overhead power lines, while skidding and technological corridors are arranged in the direction of clearings of overhead power lines, and logging roads lay overhead non-forest lands of overhead power lines, and landscape felling is carried out in the forests of the forest park zone with the formation of a spatial structure of plantations that provides safe for operating conditions of overhead power lines distances from the crowns of trees to wires and poles, and in the forests, Along with the first group of different protection categories, they reconstruct the stands on the edges along the glades of overhead power lines with a change in the structure of the stand with the introduction of slow-growing wood species that are resistant to snow and wind, and eliminate groups of trees that threaten to fall on wires and supports of overhead power lines, at the same time, additional forest roads are being laid on forest fund plots with a network of roads and railways on the non-forest lands of these roads.

Thus, the formation of sites by combining sections belonging to OHL protection zones, the formation of the forest species, its age and spatial structure, taking into account the conditions of OHL preservation in combination with the use of non-forest land of OHL for laying logging roads, can increase the safety of OHL operation while reducing the area of clearcuts and thereby reduce the damage to the ecological component of the forest.

The proposed method for the development of forest fund plots is implemented in the following sequence: based on forest inventory materials, sections located in the OHL protection zones are formed into a separate economic unit with a forestry and forest management regime that takes into account the requirements of the “Rules for the Protection of Electric Networks with Voltage Over 1000 Volts ″. On the basis of eye-measuring surveys, a taxation characteristic of the stands is made, on the basis of which a system of measures is developed to form the species composition, age and spatial structure of the stand, including thinning, re-planting, planting of young trees. Thinning, landscape and redevelopment cuttings are made taking into account the creation of the spatial structure of the stand, ensuring the safety and normal operating conditions of overhead lines. During the formation of sections, skidding and technological corridors are arranged in the direction of clearings of overhead lines, on non-forest lands of which forest roads are laid. When determining the species composition, age and spatial structure of forest stands, the category of protection of the forest fund is taken into account. In the forests of the forest-park zone, landscape felling is carried out with the formation of the spatial structure of the stands, which ensures safe distances for the operation of overhead power lines from tree crowns to wires and supports. In these forests, directional stand formation with improved decorativeness is produced. In forests belonging to the first group of various protection categories, reconstruction of stands on the edges along the glades of overhead power lines with a change in the structure of the stand with the introduction of slow-growing trees that are resistant to snow and wind, and eliminate groups of trees that threaten to fall on the wires and supports air power lines. In forest areas with a network of roads and railways on non-forest lands of these roads, additional logging roads are laid, in the direction of which logging and technological corridors are also laid. Due to this, most of the forest roads are laid without cutting and uprooting of the forest.

Thus, the use of the proposed method for the development of forest fund plots provides an increase in the safety of overhead lines while reducing the ecological component of the forest in forests of the first group of various protection categories.

Claims (3)

1. The method of development of forest fund plots adjacent to the protected areas of overhead power transmission lines, including the formation of plots by combining allotments on the basis of common uses and laying skidding and technological corridors, characterized in that the plots form a combination of allotments located in the protected areas of overhead power transmission lines, eye-measuring forest taxation is carried out in these areas, on the basis of which the formation of its species composition, age and spatial taking into account the safety requirements of overhead power lines, while logging and technological corridors are arranged in the direction of clearings of overhead power lines, and forest roads lay along non-forest lands of overhead power lines, while landscape felling is carried out in the forests of the forest-park zone with the formation of the spatial structure of stands, providing distances from tree crowns to wires and supports that are safe for operating conditions of overhead power transmission lines. 2. The method according to 1, characterized in that in the forests belonging to the first group of various protection categories, reconstruction of stands on the edges along the clears of overhead power lines with a change in the structure of the stand with the introduction of slow-growing trees resistant to snow cover, windfall, and eliminate groups of trees that threaten to fall on wires and pylons of overhead power lines. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in areas where, along with overhead power lines, there is a network of roads and railways, additional forest roads are laid on non-forest lands of these roads.