RU2371650C1 - Device for grain drying - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for grain drying includes cylindrical casing, whose external surface is covered with the layer of heat-insulating material, heating elements, placed on external surface of casing under the layer of heat-insulating material between loading bunker and delivery opening, loading bunker, delivery opening, coaxially installed inside casing with possibility of rotation transporting working element, air duct and ventilator. Transporting working element is made in form of worm whose flights are made perforated with perforation diametre not exceeding minimal grain size. Casing is made composite, constituent parts of casing being separated with each other by means of rings made from heat-insulating material. Air duct is connected with internal cavity of casing, is located between loading bunker and delivery opening at equal distance from them and is installed perpendicular to casing. In air duct between casing and ventilator heating element is installed. Casing is installed on supports with possibility to change angle of its inclination relative to horizontal line and fixation in set position, and after ventilator installed is branch pipe with possibility to place filter inside it.

EFFECT: increase of treated grain quality, efficiency and versatility of device, reduction of energy consumption and emissions of harmful substances into environment.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for drying grain.

A device for drying grain [1] is known, comprising a cylindrical casing, the outer surface of which is covered with a layer of heat insulating material, a loading hopper, an unloading window, a cup concentrically mounted on the side of the unloading window with perforations located between the loading hopper and the unloading window, coaxially mounted inside the casing with the possibility of rotation in the gap between the casing and the glass transporting the working body of the spring type, having a rectangular cross section, heating elements, as well as cooling troystvo comprising a fan and a duct connected to the interior of the housing for unloading window.

The known device has disadvantages, which include increased energy costs, inefficiency of the cooling device, uneven heating of the grain, as well as the absence in the design of elements that reduce the emission of harmful substances into the environment during the drying process.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and versatility of the device, reducing energy costs, improving the quality of the processed grain, as well as reducing emissions of harmful substances into the environment.

This goal is achieved in that the device for drying grain contains a cylindrical casing, the outer surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material. Heating elements are placed on the outer surface of the casing under a layer of heat-insulating material between the feed hopper and the discharge window. Coaxially inside the casing with the possibility of rotation is installed a transporting working body. There is an air duct and fan. The transporting working body is made in the form of a screw, the turns of which are perforated with a perforation diameter not exceeding the minimum grain size. The casing is made integral, and the components of the casing are separated by rings made of heat-insulating material. The air duct is connected to the inner cavity of the casing, located between the feed hopper and the discharge window at the same distance from them, and is installed perpendicular to the casing. In the duct between the casing and the fan, a heating element is installed. The casing is mounted on supports, with the possibility of changing the angle of its inclination relative to the horizontal and fixing in a predetermined position, and a pipe is installed behind the fan with the possibility of placing a filter in it.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device, and figure 2 is a section along aa.

The device for drying grain consists of a cylindrical casing 1, the outer surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material 2, a loading hopper 3, an unloading window 4, coaxially mounted inside the casing 1 with the possibility of rotation of the transporting working body 5, made in the form of a screw with perforated coils, duct 6 mounted perpendicular to the casing 1 and connected to the inner cavity of the casing 1 between the feed hopper 3 and the discharge window 4 at the same distance from them, as well as the screw supports 7. Casing 1 is made integral, and its components are divided among themselves by rings 8 made of heat-insulating material. Each component of the casing 1 is equipped with an individual heating element 9. The diameter of the perforation 10 of the screw 5 does not exceed the minimum grain size. A heating element 11 is placed in the air duct 6, behind which a fan 12 and a pipe 13 are mounted with the possibility of placing a filter 14 in it. The transporting working member 5 receives a drive from the electric motor 15 by means of a transmission 16. The end surfaces of the casing have openings 17.

The device operates as follows. Turn on the heating elements 9. After reaching the required temperature of the casing, the grain is fed into the loading hopper 3, from where it enters the working area of the transporting working body 5 and moves to the unloading window 4. At the same time, the fan 12 and the heating element 11 installed in the duct 6 are turned on. with the heated surface of the casing 1 and with the heated air received through the duct 6 and the heating element 11, the grain also heats up, loses excess moisture, which is blown out in the form of steam through a perforator ju working body 10 and then through the feed hopper 3, the discharge window 4, and also the holes in the ends of the casing 17. Dry grain is removed from the device through the discharge window 4.

When using grain of another culture, the heating temperature of each of the sections of the casing 1 is changed using individual heating elements 9, the rotation frequency of the working body 5 is changed, and the angle of inclination of the cylindrical casing 1 is also changed depending on the required drying or heat treatment conditions.

The execution of the dryer casing with a composite, with the separation of the parts by rings made of heat-insulating material, as well as the regulation of the heating temperature of each of the sections of the casing by installing separate heating elements, ensures maximum drying uniformity in the volume of the material being moved, as well as a decrease in the drying energy consumption.

The implementation of the transporting working body in the form of a screw increases the versatility and reliability of the device, since it can work with grain of any agricultural crops.

The installation of an air duct between the loading hopper and the discharge window, the manufacture of perforated screw coils, and the presence of holes in the end surfaces of the casing allow a more efficient and intensive air exchange process, which improves the efficiency of the device by improving the conditions for air flow through the grain layer and the intensity of grain blowing . As a result, the quality of the dried grain is improved and the energy costs of evaporating moisture are reduced.

The presence of a heating element in the duct also contributes to the intensification of the drying process, since in this case it occurs under the influence of both hot air and the heated surface of the casing.

The presence of a filter in the duct reduces the emission of harmful substances into the environment, thereby increasing the environmental friendliness of the drying process. Providing individual control of the heating temperature of each of the sections of the casing due to the installation of individual heating elements, as well as the ability to decommission the middle element in the steady-state drying mode, allow for more uniform heating of the grain mass in the entire moving layer and reduce energy costs for drying.

The implementation of supports with the ability to change the angle of inclination of the casing relative to the horizontal and fixation in a predetermined position provides the possibility of better and more efficient processing of grain material due to the high turnover of grains around its axis and change of its drying time when moving inside the unit. This design feature ensures the efficient use of the unit for drying grains of various crops with different friction coefficients, which increases the versatility of the grain dryer.

Information sources

1. Device for drying grain. - Patent RU No. 2263862. - Publ. Bull. No.31 November 10, 2005

Claims (1)

A device for drying grain containing a cylindrical casing, the outer surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material, heating elements placed on the outer surface of the casing under a layer of heat-insulating material between the loading hopper and the discharge window, the loading hopper, the discharge window, coaxially mounted inside the housing for rotation working body, duct and fan, characterized in that the transporting working body is made in the form of a screw, the turns of which are made perforated with a perforation diameter not exceeding the minimum grain size, the casing is made integral, the components of the casing being separated by rings made of heat-insulating material, the duct is connected to the internal cavity of the casing, located between the loading hopper and the discharge window at the same distance from them and installed perpendicular to the casing, a heating element is installed in the duct between the casing and the fan, the casing is mounted on supports with the possibility of changing its angle of inclination relative to the horizontal and fixing in a predetermined position, and behind the fan a pipe is installed with the possibility of placing a filter in it.

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