RU2371300C1 - Device for rolling with adjustable load - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to metal plastic working, in particular to processing with surface plastic deformation. Device comprises body and at least three holders with deforming elements, which are hingedly joined to body, and loading devices. Each deforming element is hingedly fixed in loading device arranged in the form of lever, with provision of loading by means of cylindrical helical compression spring, which acts at one end of lever, and rested against adjusting nut. Adjusting nut is screwed into bracket, which is rigidly fixed in body. With its other end lever is hingedly joined in body and cheek with the help of axis, attached to body at the distance controlled with spacer bushes. At the same a thrust screw is screwed into each bracket for adjustment to processed diametre and required tension.

EFFECT: simplified design of device, its increased reliability and efficiency of processing, and also high accuracy of processing.

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Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the processing of surface plastic deformation (PPD) of cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw surfaces with adjustable load on each deforming element of the tool.

Known three-roller device for rolling in non-rigid shafts, consisting of a holder with rollers, pivotally connected to the housing, which is mounted on the support of the machine [1].

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited application, narrow specialization (only for cylindrical surfaces) and low productivity, while to obtain high quality it is necessary to create large working forces, and this requires the use of rollers with a large radius of the profile, which negatively affects the overall dimensions and not always feasible. Moreover, the device does not have the ability to control the location of the deforming elements relative to each other in the longitudinal direction, as well as to control the load on each deforming element separately.

The objective of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the tool by providing rolling treatment of cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw outer surfaces, as well as reducing costs, increasing productivity and improving manufacturing quality.

The problem is solved by using the proposed device for rolling cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw outer surfaces of shafts with adjustable load, comprising a housing and holders of at least three with deforming elements, pivotally connected to the housing, and each deforming element is equipped with a loading device made in the form lever, with a deforming element pivotally mounted in it, while loading is carried out by a cylindrical compression screw spring, each which rests on one end of the lever and abuts against an adjusting nut that is screwed into the bracket, rigidly fixed to the housing, and the other end of the lever is pivotally mounted using the axis in the housing and cheek attached to the housing at a distance controlled by spacer sleeves, and the adjustment to the machined the diameter and the necessary tightness are made by a stop screw, which is screwed into its bracket.

The essence of the device is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the rolling of the screw of a screw pump of the proposed device, General view; figure 2 - design of the device, a transverse partial section; figure 3 is a longitudinal section aa in figure 2; figure 4 is a variant of the location of the deforming rollers of the same profile with the same loading force and shifted in the longitudinal direction relative to each other; figure 5 is a variant of the location of the deforming rollers of the same profile with different load forces and shifted in the longitudinal direction relative to each other; Fig.6 is a variant of the location of the deforming rollers with a different profile and with the same loading force, shifted in the longitudinal direction relative to each other.

The proposed device relates to a multi-element deforming tool with an adjustable load on the deforming elements - rollers and is used for surface plastic deformation (PPD) - rolling and hardening of the cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw outer surfaces of the shafts 1, which inform the rotational movement V _s relative to its own longitudinal axis and longitudinal feed S _pr device 2.

The device 2 includes a housing consisting of a vertical rack and a horizontal base, combined in a L-shaped form. The rack of the case has a Central hole for free passage through it of the workpiece. To the rack of the case with screws 3, a cheek 4 is attached at a distance controlled by spacer sleeves 5.

Between the cheek 4 and the rack of the housing are deforming elements, for example, in the form of rollers 6, in an amount of at least three. The deforming elements 6 are pivotally connected to the rack of the housing and each of them is equipped with a loading device.

The loading device is made in the form of a lever 7, in the middle part of which a deforming element 6 is pivotally mounted on the axis 8. The deformation element 6 is loaded with a cylindrical compression screw spring 9 acting on one end of the lever 7. The spring 9 is mounted between the lever 7 and the adjustment a nut 10, which is screwed into the bracket 11, rigidly mounted on the rack of the housing. To prevent longitudinal deflection of the spring 9, a rod 12 is pivotally mounted inside it.

At the other end, the lever 7 is pivotally mounted using the axis 13 in the rack of the body and cheek 4.

The setting of the deforming element 6 to the diameter to be machined and the necessary interference is carried out by a stop screw 14, which is screwed into its bracket 15, which is rigidly fixed to the housing rack.

The operation of the device is as follows.

When finishing surface plastic deformation by rolling in a billet of a shaft 1 with a variable cross-section (for example, a screw of a screw pump having a profile and dimensions D, D ₁ , t shown in FIG. 1), the device is fixed by the proposed device in the cartridge 16 of the spindle 17 of the headstock 18 , the device is brought in and the free end of the screw blank is introduced into the rack hole and the center 19 of the tailstock 20 is pressed in. The rotary movement V _s is reported to the workpiece being machined. The speed of rotation of the workpiece is set depending on the required performance, design features of the workpiece and equipment. Typically, the speed is 30 ... 150 m / min.

The device is informed of a longitudinal feed S _pr in one direction of not more than 0.1 ... 3.0 mm / rev. The optimal supply S _pr ° is determined by the formula:

S _pr ° = kS _e

where k is the number of deforming elements;

S _e - feed on one deforming element, is adopted for rollers no more - 0.02 ... 0.10 mm / rev

When switching to processing of another shaft size in the device, it is sufficient to replace the deforming elements.

Thanks to the possibilities of regulating the location of deforming elements relative to each other in the longitudinal direction implemented in the proposed device, as well as adjusting the load on each arm with the deforming element separately, the technological capabilities of the PPD have expanded. The following setup options are of interest.

1. Three deforming elements - rollers of the same profile (r ₁ = r ₂ = r ₃ ) are installed in the same transverse plane (see Fig. 2, 3) and the same load is communicated to all rollers (P ₁ = P ₂ = P ₃ ).

2. Three deforming elements - rollers of the same profile (r ₁ = r ₂ = r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (see figure 4), i.e. the rollers are longitudinally shifted relative to each other, and the same load is imparted to all the rollers (P ₁ = P ₂ = P ₃ ).

3. Three deforming elements - rollers of the same profile (r ₁ = r ₂ = r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (see figure 5), ie the rollers are longitudinally shifted relative to each other, and the rollers are loaded with different forces (P ₁ ≠ P ₂ ≠ P ₃ ; for example, P ₁ <P ₂ <P ₃ ).

4. Three deforming elements - rollers of different profiles (r ₁ ≠ r ₂ ≠ r ₃ ; for example,

r ₁ <r ₂ <r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (see Fig.6), i.e. the rollers are longitudinally shifted relative to each other, and the same load is imparted to all the rollers (P ₁ = P ₂ = P ₃ ).

5. Three deforming elements - rollers of different profiles (r ₁ ≠ r ₂ ≠ r ₃ ; for example,

r ₁ <r ₂ <r ₃ ) are installed in different transverse planes (not shown), i.e. the rollers are shifted longitudinally relative to each other, and different rollers are given a different load (P ₁ ≠ P ₂ ≠ P ₃ ; P ₁ <P ₂ <P ₃ ).

Changing the position of the deforming elements - rollers relative to each other in the longitudinal direction allows you to increase the processing productivity of the workpieces, and a different degree of loading of the deforming elements allows you to change, reduce the height of the microroughness of the processed surface. By changing these parameters of the device, the required parameters of the processed surface are achieved.

Example. The left screw N41.1016.01.001 of the screw oil pump ЭВН5-25-1500, which had the following dimensions, was processed by rolling in: the total length was 1282 mm, the length of the screw part was 1208 mm, and the cross-section diameter of the screw was D ₁ = 27 ^-0.05 mm , D = 30.3 mm, eccentricity e ₁ = 1.65 mm, e = 3.3 mm, pitch t = 28 ^{± 0.01} mm, roughness R _a = 0.4 μm; single-helical screw surface, left direction; material - steel 18HGT GOST 4543-74, hardness HB 207 ... 228, weight - 5.8 kg. Preliminary processing by turning and finishing processing by rolling was carried out on a mod screw-cutting lathe. 16K20, the peripheral speed of the workpiece - v _s = 84.78 m / min (1.41 m / s), n _s = 1000 rpm, the longitudinal feed S _pr ° was determined by the formula S _pr ° = kS _e mm / rev and took S _pr ° = 3 · 0.03 = 0.39 mm / rev, where k = 3 is the number of rollers in the device, the diameter of the working part of the rollers is 7.94 mm. The breaking-in force was about ≈1700 N, the depth of the riveted layer was in the range 0.15 ... 0.20 mm; the value by which the size has changed after running-in - 0.01 ... 0.02 mm; Sulfofresol (5% emulsion) served as a lubricant-cooling fluid during the run-in.

The required roughness and accuracy of the helical surface was achieved after T _m = 3.15 min (against T _m ^bases = 16.80 min according to the basic version with traditional grinding using a grinding head, followed by polishing with an abrasive tape LVT 2200 × 55 Э4, 5- 8-10 GOST 12439-79 on a 1K62 lathe at Livhydromash JSC). The control was carried out by an indicator bracket with an indicator ICh 10 B class 1 GOST 577-68. The cumulative error between any non-adjacent steps was not more than 0.1 mm, the clearance during the control by the straightedge of the protrusions forming in diameter was not more than 0.07 mm, which is permissible according to the technical specifications.

The advantages of the proposed multi-element device are:

- the possibility of rolling in non-rigid shafts with an increase in machining accuracy (by 10 ... 20%) due to a design that allows independent loading of each deforming element (shape deviation no more than 10 ... 30 microns);

- ensuring a constant contact force with different profiles of deforming elements;

- reduces the error of the previous processing;

- multi-element device allows for multi-pass processing, due to which a higher quality of processing is achieved;

- allows you to unload the machine components from a one-sided application of force and handle non-rigid shafts;

- the formation of a certain macro- and microgeometric shape of the treated surface, a decrease in the roughness parameter — smoothing of the surface, a change in the structure of the material — surface hardening, and the creation of a certain stress state — all this favorably affects the wear resistance.

The proposed device is simple in design and reliable in operation, and the method of rolling cylindrical, eccentric, cam, screw surfaces of the device is simple to implement. The layer structures obtained on the surface of the hardened billet have increased hardness and, accordingly, wear resistance and resistance to fatigue failure.

Using the proposed device allows to increase processing productivity by 1.5 ... 2.0 times and to ensure high accuracy.

Information sources

1. Reference technologist-machine builder. In 2 vols. T.2 / Ed. A.G. Kosilova and R.K. Meshcheryakova. - 4th ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1985. P.387, Fig. 6 - prototype.

Claims (1)

A device for run-in with adjustable load, comprising a housing and at least three holders with deforming elements pivotally connected to the housing, characterized in that it is equipped with loading devices, each deforming element is pivotally mounted in a loading device made in the form of a lever, providing loading by means of a cylindrical compression screw spring acting on one end of the lever and abutted in an adjusting nut, which is screwed into the bracket, rigidly fixed to the housing, and At the end, the lever is pivotally mounted using the axis in the housing and on the cheek attached to the housing at a distance controlled by spacer sleeves, and a stop screw is screwed into each bracket to adjust the machined diameter and the required tightness.

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