RU2371002C1 - Method of processing plant raw material for fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of fodders for bees. Method consists in the following: as hydrolysis catalyst 0.5-1.0% solution of sulfuric acid is used, hydrolysis is performed in conditions of barothermal processing at temperature 180-200°C under pressure 15-20 atmospheres during 4-5 hours with continuous stirring with further neutralisation of obtained mixture with lime and separation into liquid and hard constituents, liquid constituent is dried until sugar-glucose is isolated.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase output of easily-digested carbohydrates.

5 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and more specifically to the production of feed for agricultural insects (bees).

A known method of treating straw with acids, followed by steaming, which includes chopping, loading straw into a tank, where it is mixed with water and concentrated hydrochloric acid, then steam is fed into the tank through a steam line, heating the contents for 2.5-3 hours. The known method leads to the enrichment of straw with sugars. However, the sugar yield in the straw is insignificant, only 2.8-3.7% (see Dudkin M.S. et al. Efficiency of feeding hydrolyzed roughage combined with urea to dairy cows. - "Livestock", M., 1960, No. 11, p.31-34).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the claimed method and selected as a prototype is a method of processing plant materials into feed, including catalytic hydrolysis, carried out under barothermic conditions. In this case, a 0.75-1.25% sodium chloride solution is used as a catalyst, and barothermic treatment is carried out at a temperature of 140-170 ° for 1.0-1.5 hours (see copyright certificate SU 1482646 according to class A23K 1/12, “ The method of processing straw for feed ", declared. 22.01.87, publ. 30.05.89).

However, the known processing method requires significant energy costs for its implementation and does not provide the required yield of sugars.

The objective of the invention is to increase the yield of easily digestible carbohydrates, in particular glucose.

The technical result to solve this problem is to increase the efficiency of the process by accelerating the process of hydrolysis of plant materials.

The problem is achieved in that in the known method of processing vegetable raw materials into feed, including catalytic hydrolysis carried out under barothermic conditions, according to the invention, a 0.5-1.0% sulfuric acid solution is used as a hydrolysis catalyst, and barothermic treatment is carried out at a temperature 180-200 ° C under a pressure of 15-20 atmospheres for 4-5 hours with continuous stirring, followed by neutralization of the mixture with lime and separation into liquid and solid components, then liquid The aerating mixtures are dried in a dehumidifier until crystalline glucose is isolated.

Barothermal treatment can be carried out in a chemical reactor.

Excess lime can be removed by a stream of carbon dioxide, which is passed through the resulting mixture.

As plant materials, cellulose-containing plant waste can be used: hay, straw, sawdust, foliage, branches, bark of deciduous trees.

The separation of the mixture into liquid and solid components can be carried out by filtration.

The liquid component of the mixture can be drained in a dehumidifier.

Studies on patent and scientific and technical sources of information indicate that the proposed method for processing vegetable raw materials for feed is unknown and does not follow explicitly from the studied prior art, i.e. meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The proposed method can be implemented at any enterprise specializing in this industry, because this requires well-known materials and standard equipment, widely produced by domestic and foreign industry.

Thus, the claimed method of processing vegetable raw materials for feed meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The use of a 0.5-1.0% solution of sulfuric acid as a hydrolysis catalyst can improve the efficiency of the hydrolysis process and thereby increase the efficiency of the process as a whole.

Conducting barothermal treatment at a temperature of 180-200 ° C under a pressure of 15-20 atmospheres again contributes to an increase in the efficiency of hydrolysis and, accordingly, increases the efficiency of the processing process, which can significantly increase the yield of sugars in plant materials.

Carrying out the neutralization of the mixture with lime allows you to maintain high nutritional properties of the processed plant materials with minimal costs for the process of neutralization.

The separation of the mixture obtained after barothermal treatment into liquid and solid components allows you to separate the garbage and thereby improve the quality of the resulting feed.

Isolation of sugar-glucose in crystalline form by draining the liquid component of the resulting mixture in a dehumidifier allows you to get a high-quality product - feed for bees.

Conducting barothermic treatment in a chemical reactor can improve working conditions and increase process productivity.

Removing excess lime with a stream of carbon dioxide allows you to clean the mixture and increase its nutritional properties at minimal cost.

The use of cellulose-containing plant waste in the form of hay, straw, sawdust from deciduous trees, foliage, branches, bark of deciduous trees as plant raw materials allows us to expand the application of the proposed processing method and use it year-round.

Thus, the set of essential features of the proposed method for processing vegetable raw materials into feed allows to achieve the claimed technical result, namely, increasing the efficiency of the processing process by accelerating the hydrolysis of vegetable raw materials, and, therefore, to solve the problem - increasing the yield of easily digestible carbohydrates, in particular sugar glucose.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

The use of straw as a plant material

Take 300 kg of straw, which is poured with a 0.5% sulfuric acid solution in an amount of 100 l, after which the mixture is poured into a SRIV-0.63 reactor (manufactured at the Krasny Oktyabr plant, Shakhty), which is processed at a temperature 180 ° C under a pressure of 15 atmospheres for 4 hours with continuous stirring. The resulting mixture is poured into the vat, where lime is introduced to neutralize the resulting mixture, aged, then poured into the vat, where excess lime is removed by a stream of carbon dioxide, which is passed through the resulting mixture. Then, the garbage is separated by filtration, and the remaining mass is fed to a dehumidifier, where sugar-glucose is isolated in crystalline form, which goes to feed the bees, the remaining residue is used to feed the animals. The yield of sugar-glucose is about 62%, with a negligible content of harmful substances about 0.01%.

Example 2

The use of hay as a plant material

Hay is taken, poured with a 0.7% sulfuric acid solution, then the mixture is poured into a reactor, where it is processed at a temperature of 190 ° C under a pressure of 17 atm for 4 hours. Further, the process is carried out analogously to example 1. In this case, the sugar yield is 60%, and harmful impurities are 0.02%.

Example 3

The use of sawdust obtained by processing birch as a raw material

Sawdust is taken, poured with 1% sulfuric acid solution, then the mixture is placed in a reactor, where it is processed at a temperature of 200 ° C under a pressure of 20 atm. Further, the process is carried out analogously to examples 1,2. The sugar yield is 61%, and harmful impurities are about 0.03%.

The experimental results are shown in the table.

No. p / p % solution of H ₂ SO ₄ Humidity% t ° C P atm Time watch Glucose% Content harmful in% one 0.5 90.5 180 fifteen four 62 0.010 2 0.7 91 190 17 four 60 0,020 3 1,0 92 200 twenty four 61 0,030

Claims (5)

1. A method of processing plant materials for feed, including catalytic hydrolysis carried out under barothermic conditions, characterized in that a 0.5-1.0% solution of sulfuric acid is used as a hydrolysis catalyst, and barothermic treatment is carried out at a temperature of 180-200 ° With a pressure of 15-20 atmospheres for 4-5 hours with continuous stirring, followed by neutralization of the resulting mixture with lime and separation into liquid and solid components, then the liquid component of the mixture is dried in a drying unit until Sugar glucose in crystalline form. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the barothermic treatment is carried out in a chemical reactor. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the excess lime is removed by a stream of carbon dioxide, which is passed through the resulting mixture. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cellulose-containing plant waste is used as plant material: hay, straw, sawdust, foliage, branches, bark of deciduous trees. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of the mixture obtained after barothermal treatment into liquid and solid components is carried out by the filtration method.