RU2370951C2 - Complex of automatic control and check of fish young in open sea spaces or other open water basins or water bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: complex consists of pontoon with holes, fish wells for the location of the fish young, poles for hanging up fish wells. Fish wells are equipped with mechanisms of lifting and lowering. Hanged on pole fish well consists of cap, net-like envelope and bath. Complex contains thermometre, barometre and screen, absorbibg elrectromagnetic radiation. Lower end of optic-fibrous cable connecting fish well with control panel is dropped into fish well through the cap. Upper end of the cable goes through hollow axis of lifting mechanism and is optically superposed with light-optical unit, containing focusing lenses, semi-transparent mirror, photomatrix, devices of illumination and heating, ocular for visual observation. Devices of light-optical unit are installed on poles for fish well hanging up and are switched to microchip located in panel of parametre control and check. Microchip contains programs of fish well functioning. Control and check panels contain channels of electromagnetic communication for exchange of current and controlling information through switchboard with central computer installed on pontoon. Gathering of information from separate fish wells is performed through Blue tooth or Wi-Fi channels by means of central computer with its further retransmission to parent enterprise. Control of environment parametres inside fish well is performed by means of energy-independent thermometre and barometre, located in zone of photomatrix visibility, with further program processing of images of thermometre and barometre scales. Space location of larvae inside fish well is detected by program method by processing of image of internal fish well space and used to correct the depth of fish well submersion. Depth of fish well submersion is detected by sensor installed on the drum of lifting mechanism. Gas cylinder with electromagnetic valve is placed on pontoon. Under pontoon gas-analyser and aerator are installed. Gas cylinder is connected with aerator by means of hoses, and gas-analyser and electromagnetic valve are switched to central computer. Under each hole installed are ring brushes for cleaning surface of fish wells from microorganisms while lifting and lowering fish wells. Pontoon is equipped with system of intruder alarm with video-observation, motion sensors, sound alarm, installed on the mast and switched to central computer. System of intruder alarm and central computer contain as set of radio-receiving and radio-transmitting devices for communication with parent enterprise.

EFFECT: claimed construction allows to create optimal habitat conditions in starting period of fish young development until fish maturing, increase viability of grown fish material due to development in natural habitat.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fisheries, in particular to the reproduction of fish resources.

Every year, the selection of fish resources from the oceans by all countries of the world community is increasing, which now leads to a sharp reduction in fish resources, and the only reasonable way is to increase the capacity of fish-breeding enterprises in all countries engaged in its capture. International agreements and conventions distribute between countries certain tasks for the reproduction of fish fry. In this regard, the cultivation of healthy, resilient juveniles is an urgent task both for world suppliers of fish products and for domestic fish-breeding plants.

The need for the development of aquaculture in our country is obvious, since the biological resources of the ocean are limited, and the prospects for aquaculture are huge. Many industrialized countries have made fantastic strides in the reproduction of fish resources. The leading role belongs to the Norwegian salmon aquaculture. Breeding of valuable marine commercial fish, such as cod, is a logical step in the progress of world mariculture.

The developed countries of the world, such as Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, the USA, Canada, as well as the sea territories - the Shetland and Faroe Islands, have allocated significant capital for the organization of enterprises that reproduce fish resources. For example, Norway by 2015 expects to grow 300 thousand tons of cod. The pace of development of Russian fisheries should not lag behind the aforementioned leading countries of the world.

Currently, valuable fish species are grown from larvae in specially equipped pools or bathtubs of a small volume of 80-100 liters at the rate of 2-3 larvae per liter of water. These pools or baths have a depth of 1-1.5 meters. Forced water is exchanged in the baths at the rate of replacement up to five volumes per day. Seawater, if ocean fish is raised, is taken from the coastal zone where the hatchery is located. With the help of pumps, sea water is pumped into a particular tank. In this buffer tank, seawater is heated to a predetermined temperature, saturated with oxygen, and at the same time, it is freed from unwanted microorganisms using a filter system, and then it is distributed across the collector between pools or baths.

The same process is repeated if we are talking about the cultivation of juvenile river fish species.

Under natural conditions, juvenile cod lives at depths of 0-13 meters, where the hydrostatic pressure of the water is normal for its existence and development. Reproduction of the real conditions of pelagic fish larvae at hatcheries is very expensive and requires high technical equipment of the latter. However, the technical equipment of existing fish hatcheries does not allow such costly activities to be carried out, although we have proposed a technical solution to this problem in this area. See application for invention No. 200614223 under the name "Complex for growing fish fry."

According to studies conducted by biologists of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, in the early stages of development, spinal deformities (bending) occur in the early stages of development at the 18-40 days of cod juveniles due to the swimming bladder constantly overfilled with gases, as the body of the larva experiences insufficient water pressure due to the shallow depth of the bathtubs. The larva waste for this reason in fish hatcheries reaches 50-80%, which causes significant damage to the reproduction and commercial rearing of fish. To build pools with reproduction of normal deep pressure is beyond the power of medium-sized fisheries, and therefore, based on the current level of reproduction of juvenile fish, I propose another solution to this biological problem caused by human economic activity.

I know methods and devices for breeding fish juveniles in laboratory and industrial conditions, as well as scientific developments protected by dissertations and patents of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign countries. The author took into account articles from foreign and domestic periodical scientific publications and established that according to the IPC class A01K 61/00 A01K 63/00 A01K 63/04 A01K 63/06 A01K 67/00, analogues of the present invention are patents No. 1804295, No. 1805845, No. 1837758, No. 2079214, No. 2096953, No. 21266623, No. 2262843, No. 93016191 on installations and methods for growing fish fry.

The closest prototype of growing fry is the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2126623 "Station automatic control and management of the technological process of reproduction and rearing of fish." This station significantly expands the possibilities of automatic control of fish juvenile rearing with minimal control by the staff, and the staff is able to automatically adjust all indicators of the biotechnological process of rearing juvenile fish taking into account changing weather and microbiological conditions.

However, the following technical disadvantages are inherent in this fish juvenile breeding station:

- requires a fish tank or bathtub filled with specially prepared water,

- water treatment system in circulation mode,

- equipment for maintaining the temperature of the water supplied to the pool, for example, a heat exchanger installed in the waste water stream of a thermal power plant or heated with electric heaters.

Water contaminated with fish waste products is regularly pumped out of the pool or bath using a pump, passing through a water treatment system for further use. In addition, the outfitting of obsolete electrical equipment with electric devices requires constant monitoring of the state of the young’s habitat by maintenance personnel.

All of us known installations or systems for growing fish share common flaws:

- expensive equipment with complex material and technical maintenance,

- a large loss of fish fry up to 70% of the total mass of fish fry,

- losses due to excessive ozonation of water or artificiality of this water, not found in the natural environment,

- the difficulty of providing live, complete food.

The main conclusion: the predisposition of fish juveniles to diseases due to non-optimal growing conditions associated with the inability to reproduce natural habitats, as well as an increased density of planting juveniles, designed for natural decline.

The existing modern equipment and methods for rearing juveniles do not take into account the important natural factor that forms the normal development of the juvenile organism, the natural hydrostatic pressure at the depths where juveniles live during their natural development over many millions of years of evolution from the early period of the life cycle to the formation of adult fish.

It should be noted that some fish hatcheries build vertical cages with a height of up to 10 meters. This design does not serve the purpose of obtaining normal hydrostatic pressure, but has other goals - to increase the growth of juveniles and get a compact fish hatchery. But at the same time, normal conditions for the development of juveniles are achieved. However, such vertical bath designs require significant material costs and cause additional technological and production difficulties for staff.

The aim of the invention is to create optimal environmental conditions in the initial period of development of fish juveniles before the maturation of the fish, in the time range of 30-40 days. Thereby, an increase in the vitality of cultivated fish planting material is achieved due to the development in the natural aquatic environment. At the same time, losses during the cultivation of fry are minimized, and the costs of maintaining cages where fish fry are grown are minimized.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the complex consists of a pontoon with racks and supporting tables, cage suspensions, cages for placing juveniles, devices for raising and lowering cages, control panels and control. The cage is made in the form of a closed mesh volume (ball, cylinder, parallelepiped) suspended on a cable of a lifting mechanism. Inside the cage, in the lower part of which there is a bath, there is an absorbing screen, a thermometer and a barometer, and the upper part of the cage is made in the form of a cap where the lower end of the fiber-optic cable is omitted. The fiber optic cable is located on the drum of the lifting mechanism, and the upper end of the cable passes through the axis of the lifting mechanism and is optically combined with light sources, an eyepiece and a photomatrix. Lighting, heating and visual viewing of the interior space of the cage is carried out through a fiber optic cable, while a fiber optic cable is used to raise and lower the cage.

Control panels of the internal environment of the cage contain microchips with programs for the functioning of cages and are placed on racks near the holes.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the loss of farmed fish juveniles due to placement in a real habitat with the possibility of simultaneously adjusting the biological environmental parameters, such as temperature, hydrostatic pressure, illumination, both due to programmed effects, and if necessary due to human intervention to eliminate unwanted microorganisms using ozonation and ultraviolet irradiation of a limited area under the raft. The presence of juvenile commercial or other fish during the initial development in the natural habitat reduces the stress on juvenile fish. Improving the efficiency of biotechnology for fish farming in the present invention is achieved by automating the control and management process using modern element base (microprocessors and digital communications using a variety of electromagnetic ranges).

The complex for the cultivation of fish juveniles is a pontoon (1), anchored near the seashore or reservoir in communication with the sea. On the pontoon (1) a series of holes (holes) are made for the possibility of lowering the cages into the water to a predetermined depth. Near each hole there is a rack with a lifting device, a rotary support table, a control panel and control the parameters of the internal environment of the charge. With the help of a common control panel with a microprocessor, the general control and integration of the development processes of juveniles in all plantation cages is carried out, followed by relaying information through the communication channel to the parent enterprise.

"The complex automatic control and management of the cultivation of fish juveniles in open sea spaces or in other open water basins or ponds" is depicted in figure 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, where:

1. Pontoon.

2. The stand.

3. Support table.

4. The lifting mechanism.

5. Zadok.

6. The cover.

7. The grid.

8. The bath.

9. Cap.

10. Fiber optic cable.

11. The lower end of the fiber optic cable

12. The upper end of the fiber optic cable.

13. Translucent mirror.

14. The backlight.

15. The heating element.

16. The temperature sensor.

17. Gas analyzer.

18. Focusing optics.

19. The drum of the lifting mechanism.

20. Remote control and control.

21. The microchip.

22. The axis of the lifting mechanism.

23. The hole.

24. Light-optical block.

25. Ear.

26. Eyepiece.

27. The reflector.

28. Hatch.

29. Hose.

30. The larva.

31. Gas bottle.

32. The electromagnetic valve.

33. Photomatrix.

34. Infrared emitter.

35. The central processor.

36. Communication unit.

37. Ultraviolet lamp.

38. Protective curtain.

39. Block layer-by-layer measurement of water temperature.

40. Brush.

41. Security alarm unit.

42. The camcorder.

43. The motion sensor.

44. Eye of the operator.

45. Power supplies.

46. Aerator.

47. The sensor immersion depth of the charge.

48. Thermometer.

49. Barometer.

50. The absorbing screen.

51. The mast.

52. Antenna.

53. The switch.

54. Sound alarm.

Figure 1 and 2 shows a diagram of a complex of automatic control and management of the cultivation of fish juveniles in open sea spaces or in other open water pools or ponds. The complex consists of a pontoon (1) with holes (23) with sliding covers (6) and with uprights (2). A support rotary table (3) and a lifting mechanism (4) are installed on the stand (2). On the fiber optic cable (10) a cage (5) is suspended, made of a fine-mesh network (7). On top of the cage (5) is the ear (25) for hanging the cage on a stand (2). The cage (5) in the lower part has a bath (8), and in the upper part the cap (9). Inside the cage (5) there is: an absorbing screen (50), a thermometer (48) and a barometer (49).

An optical fiber cable (10) was used as a cable for suspension of a cage (5), for lifting and lowering. Due to the implementation of the cage with a small negative buoyancy, the load on the cable can be reduced to any value that does not cause its deformation.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the lower end of the fiber optic cable (11) is fixed at the top of the cage (5), and the upper end of the fiber optic cable (12) is wound on the drum of the lifting mechanism (19) and passes through the axis of the lifting mechanism (22) , which eliminates its deformation during rotation of the drum, and its end is optically combined with a light-optical unit (24) containing focusing optics (18), a translucent mirror (13), a backlight (14), an ultraviolet lamp (37), an infrared emitter (34 ), photomatrix (33) and eyepiece (26) for visual observation of ry hydrochloric fry which is in cages disposed at 90 degrees to the optical axis of the fiber optic cable (10) at an angle of 45 degrees is arranged a semitransparent mirror (13) splits light fluxes. An ultraviolet lamp (37), an infrared emitter (34) and a backlight (14) are located at the focus of the reflector (27).

Control and control panels (20) with a microchip (21), combined with a lifting mechanism and a light-optic unit (24), are placed on each rack (2).

A mast (51) is installed on the pontoon with an audible alarm (54) placed on it, an electronic alarm system (41), a motion sensor (43), a communication unit (36) and an antenna (52). The pontoon is equipped with a waterproof protective curtain (38).

On the pontoon (1), a layer-by-layer temperature measurement unit (39) is installed with a set of temperature sensors (16) placed with a given depth step.

As shown in FIG. 5, the gas composition of the water under the raft is controlled by a gas analyzer (17) and can be adjusted by supplying oxygen from the gas cylinder (31) through a hose (29) to the aerator (46). The electromagnetic valve (32) and the heating element (15) connected to the central processor (35) are controlled using its commands.

Figure 2 and 4 is a schematic illustration of the cage. The cage contains an absorbing screen (50), a thermometer (48) and a barometer (49) and is connected to the control panel (20) only via an optical fiber cable (10).

The use of fiber optic cable rather than electrical wiring is preferable due to its high reliability, lack of electrical elements and wire connections in high humidity conditions.

All control and monitoring panels (20) of cages (5) are connected to the central computer (35) by communication units (36) via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi channels.

The work "The complex of automatic control and management of the cultivation of fish juveniles in open sea spaces or in other open water basins or ponds" can be considered in figures 1, 2 and 4.

In the initial state, the cage (5) is located at the top and is mounted on a rotary ring support table (3). Through the hatch (28) of the cage (5), the bath (8) is filled with sea water and larvae (30) are transplanted into it. The sunroof (28) closes, the cage (5) is hung on the fiber optic cable (10) wound on the drum of the lifting mechanism (19) located on the support column (2), the rotary ring support table (3) is pushed to the side and the cage (5) upon command from the control and monitoring panel (20), it is immersed in water through the hole of the hole (23). Then the cage (5) is fixed at a given depth, and control is transferred to automatic mode, under the control of the program located in the microchip (21). Using the switch (53) located in the central computer (35), the control panels for monitoring and monitoring all holes are cyclically polled. The central computer (35) conducts general control and integration of the development processes of juveniles in cages.

In the hole (23) or below it is an annular brush (40) for cleaning and removing microorganisms deposited on the outer walls of the cage (5). When raising and lowering the cage (5), the bristles of the brush (40) clean the net surface of the cage from microorganisms.

All holes (23) are equipped with rotary covers (6) that cover the holes when taking measures to correct the gas composition of the aqueous medium or microbiological treatment of water located under the pontoon using gas reagents.

The state of the microenvironment inside the cage (5) is monitored by visual information obtained via an optical fiber cable. The position of the cage (5) in depth is determined using the sensor of immersion depth of the cage (47) located on the lifting mechanism (4), and the cage (5) is fixed at a certain depth according to the microchip program (21) and is adjusted taking into account the behavior of the larvae by analysis of the image obtained by the optical fiber cable (10).

In the manual control mode, the operator performs visual control of the behavior of the larvae by viewing the cage through the eyepiece (26) and capturing the image using an optical photomatrix (33) in the microchip memory (21).

The absorbing screen (50) allows you to create a local “comfortable” zone for the larvae and, at the same time, when performing it in the form of a natural relief, allows the juveniles to adapt to existence in natural conditions.

If necessary, lighting or heating the cage, the backlight lamp (14) is turned on and the light beam passing through the fiber optic cable enters the cage and heats the surface of the absorbing screen (50). Highlighting the interior of the cage attracts microorganisms and plankton into the cage, which are a breeding ground for the larvae, increasing the food base of the larvae. For plankton to enter the cage, the size of the cage cells is selected experimentally. A more powerful heating of the “comfortable” zone can also be done using an infrared emitter (34) through a fiber optic cable (10). In the same way, the biological effect on the microflora of the cage is produced by illuminating with an ultraviolet lamp (37).

Water heated by an absorbing screen (50) rises up and is partially retained in the upper part of the hood, creating a “comfortable” zone for the larvae at lowering water temperatures. The cap (9) is made of a material with low thermal conductivity to reduce heat loss. Energy costs for heating are small, because to create a "comfortable zone" you need to create a small temperature difference, measured in several degrees.

The power of all equipment placed on the raft can be made due to low consumption both from autonomous power sources (45) and by cable from the electric network located on the shore. As a rule, such plantations are located in bays, protected from waves, near the coast.

The gas composition of the water under the raft, limited by a circular protective curtain (38), is controlled by a gas analyzer (17) and can be adjusted by supplying oxygen from a gas cylinder (31) through a hose (29) to the aerator (46). An electronically controlled valve (32) is connected to the central processor (35) and is controlled by its commands.

In cages, juvenile development occurs in spaces protected from attacks by various small and large marine predators, which weakens their natural responses to danger. Therefore, the protective net of the cage (7) can be made of materials having transparency and a coefficient of light refraction close to water. That will create a visual appearance of the external space for the young and ensure the formation of its normal behavioral responses to an aggressive external environment. To provide reliable protection from large marine predators, if necessary, an additional external circuit is introduced, made of a metal mesh with a large cell.

The absorbing screen (50), on which the light fluxes coming from the backlight and infrared emitter are focused, absorbs electromagnetic energy and creates a “comfortable” zone with a higher temperature in the cage. The screen can simultaneously be made with volumetric cells for the natural shelter of juveniles.

The external surface of the cage (5) is cleaned of microorganisms and algae deposited on the grid regularly with a ring brush (40), through which the cage passes during ascent and descent.

An impenetrable protective curtain (38) was placed along the contour of the pontoon to protect the cage placement zone from drifting debris. The zone limited by the curtain allows you to create a water volume under the pontoon with a high content of certain substances or gases used in the microbiological protection of juveniles.

The gas composition of water under the pontoon is regulated using a feedback loop consisting of a gas analyzer (17) located in the upper layer under the pontoon (1) connected to the central computer (35), which is connected to the solenoid valve (32) of the gas cylinder (31) ) installed permanently on the pontoon.

During a long initial period, the development of juveniles from larvae takes place in an environment where they are protected from natural enemies. In order to ensure eye contact of juveniles with predators, the net shell of the cage is made of a material that is close in optical properties to water, which is a positive factor for increasing survival after discharge of fry into open water bodies.

The same positive factor is the design of the absorption screen (50) in the form of a fragment of a real underwater relief (mink, crevice), which helps fry to hide from predators.

To prevent unauthorized persons or intruders from entering the plantation, the plantation is equipped with a security alarm system. Figure 5 shows a diagram of the security alarm pontoon. The burglar alarm system includes a burglar alarm unit (41) based on motion sensors (43), a video camera (42) with a circular view and an audible alarm (54) installed on the mast and connected to a central computer (35). The alarm system and the central computer contain a set of radio receivers and radio transmitting devices for communication with the parent company.

Such a complex of automatic control and management of the rearing of juvenile fish in open sea spaces or in other open water basins, or reservoirs of juveniles of valuable commercial breeds by transferring larvae to the habitat as close as possible to the natural one for the entire period of larval development allows to reduce the loss of juveniles as at the stage its development in cages, and after the transfer of juveniles to open waters. The use of modern microelectronic base (programmable microchips) and optical fiber technology allows you to maintain all biological and environmental parameters of the aquatic environment of the plantation, including constant automatic correction of all life support parameters with minimal labor costs for staff. Compared with the content of larvae in bathtubs and pools, the loss of juveniles during their rearing is significantly reduced, and juveniles grow up healthy and viable.

Thus, the proposed version of the complex for the cultivation of fish juveniles provides a reduction in capital costs when creating industrial fish breeding complexes, reduces the loss of young fish and increases the profitability of industrial fish breeding complexes.

Claims (6)

1. A complex for breeding juvenile commercial fish in open and closed water spaces, consisting of a pontoon with holes, cages for placing juveniles, racks for hanging cages equipped with lifting and lowering mechanisms, characterized in that the cage suspended on a rack consists of a cap , a mesh shell and a bath, contains a thermometer, a barometer and a screen that absorbs electromagnetic radiation; the lower end of the fiber-optic cable connecting the cage to the control and monitoring panel is lowered into the cage through the cap, and the upper end of the cable passes through the hollow axis of the lifting mechanism and is optically combined with a light-optical unit containing focusing optics, a translucent mirror, photomatrix, backlight devices, and heating, eyepiece for visual observation, and the devices of the light-optical unit are mounted on racks for hanging cages and connected to a microchip located in the control panel and control parameters which implements programs for the operation of the cage, while the control and monitoring panels contain electromagnetic channels for exchanging current and control information through a switch with a central computer installed on the pontoon, and information from individual cages is collected via Blue tooth or Wi-Fi using a central computer with its subsequent relay to the parent company; in addition, environmental parameters inside the cage are controlled by a non-volatile thermometer and a barometer located in the photomatrix visibility zone, followed by software image processing of the thermometer and barometer scales, and the spatial position of the larvae inside the cage is determined by software for processing the image of the internal space of the cage and used to adjust the depth cage immersion with simultaneous determination of the cage immersion depth by means of a sensor mounted on the lifting drum about the mechanism; at the same time, a gas cylinder with an electromagnetic valve is placed on the pontoon, and a gas analyzer and an aerator are installed under the pontoon, the gas cylinder being connected by hoses to the aerator, and the gas analyzer and the electromagnetic valve are connected to the central computer; in addition, ring brushes are installed under each hole to clean the surface of the cages from microorganisms when raising and lowering the cage, and the pontoon is equipped with a security alarm system with video surveillance, motion sensors and sound alarms installed on the mast and connected to a central computer; wherein the alarm system and the central computer contain a set of radio receivers and radio transmitting communication devices with the parent company. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorbing screen is made with imitation of natural shelters for juveniles. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical fiber cable simultaneously serves to raise and lower the charge. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the pontoon has a layer-by-layer temperature measurement unit connected to a central computer. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum cell size of the cage is selected based on the omission of the smallest marine organisms - plankton, protozoan crustaceans inside the cage. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the net shell of the cage is made of a transparent material with a refractive index close to the refractive index of water.

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