RU2370245C2 - Heart valve prosthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of medicine and can be applied in cardiosurgery in operations aimed at replacement of natural heart valves. Prosthesis includes ring-shaped body, limited with upper and lower butt-ends, installed in body with possibility of rotation in order to form clearing section and its blocking locking element made in form of convex-concave cusps, and fold movement limiting elements. In each cusp rectangular slot is made. Fold movement limiting elements are made in form of hook-like protrusions, which have rectangular cross-section for interaction with through slots of folds during their closing or opening. Elements limiting cusp motion are supplied with supports for limitation of fold turning, and in upper butt-end of the body turns are made for interaction with folds when opening or closing and formation of limited reverse blood flow in state of fold closed state.

EFFECT: increase of reliability of fold holding during travel.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to medicine, in particular to cardiovascular surgery, and is intended to replace the affected natural heart valves during cardiac surgery.

State of the art

The most popular design of the prosthetic valve of the heart at the present time remains hull with repeated sashes inside the passage section. Such prostheses have high reliability and provide satisfactory hemodynamics, the corresponding improvements reduce acoustic noise, patient anxiety, increase the duration of smooth operation. Standard prostheses include an annular body. One or more valves are mounted in the body with the possibility of repetition between the open position for passing a direct blood flow and the closed position for blocking the channel and limiting the return blood flow. In addition, the prosthetic valve of the heart contains a connecting mechanism for connecting the valve body to the surrounding tissues of the heart. Basically, this mechanism is made in the form of a cuff, which is sewn to the tissues of the heart and covers the lateral surface of the valve prosthesis body. An important problem is the problem of reliable retention of the valves in the housing. For this, various types of hinges, travel and turn limiters are used.

The prior art solutions that reduce the likelihood of valve failure due to poor fixation of the valves (see, for example, published US application No. 2007193632). In the prosthesis disclosed here, the valves rotate on an axis fixed in the body and intersecting the bore in the center. However, in such a valve hemodynamics is significantly distorted due to the overlap of the center of the bore in the open position of the valve.

A number of designs are known (see US patent 4274437, RF patent 2066984) with the provision of the main zone of the flow area in the center. With this arrangement, it is obvious that the central part of the flow through the valve remains weakly perturbed, and the distortions introduced by the wings are minimal. However, these valves are not used in surgical practice due to the low reliability and high likelihood of sash loss. As it turned out, the development of such limiters of movement of the valves, which would reliably and throughout the life of the valve, held the valves and contributed to the smooth operation of the valve, poses the main difficulties.

Thus, the need for a new design of a heart valve prosthesis is obvious, the reliability of which would be combined with the undistorted hemodynamics of the blood flow.

The closest analogue to the present invention is an artificial heart valve (international publication WO 91/07148), containing an annular body and three wings, placed in it with the possibility of rotation between the upper and lower blood flow restrictors of the valves and the formation of the main zone of the passage through center bounded by round sections of the inner walls of the housing and the downstream edges of the wings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating an artificial heart valve that eliminates the disadvantages of the known analogues, namely, providing high reliability and durability having a main passage area in the center of the heart valve prosthesis.

The technical result achieved using the present invention is to increase the reliability of holding the wings during movement.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the prosthesis of the heart valve, including an annular body limited by upper and lower ends, mounted in the body with the possibility of rotation to form a bore and its overlap, a locking element made in the form of convex-concave sashes, and stroke limiters valves, in each case a rectangular groove is made, the course stoppers of the valves are made in the form of hook-shaped protrusions, which have a rectangular cross-section for interaction with through the cusps during their closing and opening, while the cusps of the valves are equipped with stops to limit the rotation of the cusps, and grooves are made in the upper end of the casing to interact with the cusps when opening and closing and the formation of a limited reverse blood flow in the closed state of the cusps.

The technical effect is enhanced due to the fact that the locking element is made in the form of three wings. The leaf stoppers are made in the form of three hook-shaped protrusions located on the upper end of the housing. Grooves are located under each hook-shaped protrusion of the travel stop.

The case on the outside has an annular groove for attaching the sewing cuff. The body and wings are made of pyrocarbon.

The list of drawings.

The invention will be better understood from the description below with reference to the position of the drawings, where

1 and 2 show a prosthetic heart valve with closed flaps, respectively, a front view and a top view,

Figures 3 and 4 show a prosthetic heart valve with open sashes, a front view and a top view, respectively.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

The heart valve prosthesis comprises an annular body 1 made of pyrocarbon and having three convex-concave flaps 2, also made of pyrocarbon and with the possibility of rotation and the formation of the main passage area in the center, installed in the housing 1. The annular housing 1 is bounded by two upper 4 and bottom 5 ends (direction is determined in accordance with the direct flow of blood through the valve). In each casement 2, a rectangular through groove 6 is made. The stoppers 3 of the leaflet 2 are made in the form of three hook-shaped protrusions 7, which are rectangular in cross section and interact with the through grooves 6 of the respective casements 2 when they are opened and closed. Limiters 3 are located on the upper end 4 of the housing 1 and are equipped with stops 8 to limit the rotation of the valves 2. On the upper 4 end of the housing 1 there are three grooves 9, which serve to interact with the corresponding valve when opening and closing and the formation of a limited reverse blood flow in the closed state of the valve .

The housing 1 on the outside has an annular groove (not shown) for attaching a sewing cuff. Grooves 9 are located under each hook-shaped protrusion of the travel stop.

The prosthesis of the heart valve works as follows.

When the valve prosthesis is opened under the influence of direct blood flow, the leaflets 2 rotate, while they are firmly held by hook-shaped protrusions 7 interacting with the rectangular grooves 6 of each leaf 2. The leaflet 2 rotation limits the stop 8, which interacts with the outer surfaces of the leaflets 2. This rotation occurs until equilibrium state. In this case, the blood flows in the forward direction, the Central part of the opening of the valve body 1 passes freely without distortion. The flaps are located almost vertically and do not create resistance to flow. The stops 8 and the grooves 9 reliably hold the wings in the open position. The execution of the outer surfaces of the valves is convex-concave provides even greater opening of the valve. When the direct flow stops, the flaps 2 begin to rotate and return to their original position until they touch each other. While the outer lower edges of the valves interact with the grooves 9, which are made by each hook-shaped protrusion 7, a limited reverse flow of blood that occurs when the valve is closed, washes the inner part of the hook-shaped protrusions 7 and part of the upper end 4.

The claimed design of an artificial heart valve has the following advantages:

1. Completely eliminates the loss of the valves due to the implementation of the stroke limiters hook-shaped, equipped with stops.

2. Provides high efficiency of the valve cross section, practically without resistance to flow in the open position of the valves.

3. Eliminates the formation of stagnant zones by washing the areas of flow restrictors and stops with direct and reverse blood flow.

4. Significantly reduces the factor of thrombosis.

5. Eliminates the instability of the valve when opening due to the execution of the outer surfaces of the flaps convex-concave.

7. Has high reliability and durability, good compatibility with natural fabrics.

Claims (6)

1. The prosthesis of the heart valve, comprising an annular body, limited by the upper and lower ends, mounted in the body with the possibility of rotation to form a bore and its overlap, a locking element made in the form of convex-concave valves, and the stop valves of the valves, characterized in that in each leaf has a rectangular groove, the leaf stoppers are made in the form of hook-shaped protrusions that have a rectangular cross-section for interacting with the through grooves of the wings when they are closed and openings, while the stoppers of the leaflets are provided with stops to limit the rotation of the leaflets, and grooves are made in the upper end of the body for interaction with the leaflets when opening and closing and the formation of a limited reverse blood flow in the closed state of the leaflets. 2. The prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking element is made in the form of three wings. 3. The prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the leaf stoppers are made in the form of three hook-shaped protrusions located on the upper end of the body. 4. The prosthesis according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the grooves are located under each hook-shaped protrusion of the travel limiter. 5. The prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the body on the outside has an annular groove for attaching the sewing cuff. 6. The prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the body and sash are made of pyrocarbon.

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