RU2368782C1 - Impact device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for treatment of materials by impact action ensured by power of compressed gas and can be used, particularly in mining for destruction of geological material and milling of oversize. Device contains casing with internal cylinder, with installed in it piston with operating tool, source of compressed gas communicated to over-piston cylinder capacity, piston unit holding in initial position and by facility of damping. Into device it is introduced from two and more identical pistons with operating tool, located each in its working cylinder, and is outfitted by collector, located between source of compressed gas and over-piston volume of cylinders and communicated channel with source of compressed gas and channels with simultaneous discharge capacity with each over-piston volume, volume of collector chamber is selected from the condition of smooth feeding of gas to pistons. Additionally enabling of each piston is implemented ensured by opening of native closure systems, and number of units of keeping and facilities of damping corresponds amount of piston.

EFFECT: reliability enhancement of splitting of bulky extensive objects with forecasted direction of object destruction, providing of required effort necessary for split each particular object.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for processing materials by impact due to the energy of compressed gas and can be used, in particular, in the mining industry for the destruction of rocks and crushing oversized.

A device for the destruction of monolithic objects (see patent for utility model RU 54094 U1, publ. 06/10/2006, Bull. No. 16, IPC E21C 37/04) containing an explosive chamber with an exhaust channel and a shutter in the cavity of which a gas-generating charge is placed A barrel mounted in a borehole communicating with an explosive chamber, a baffle with an axial hole and a locking device.

The principle of operation of the device is based on the fact that the blast chamber with an attached barrel is inserted into the hole (or well) until it stops, after which the barrel is fixed along the side walls of the hole (well). An explosive charge with an electric detonator is placed on the inner surface of the explosive chamber, from which wires are removed to undermine it.

After undermining the explosive charge, the products of the explosion, passing through holes in the barrel into the hole, destroy rock or concrete.

The disadvantage of this device is the need for preliminary drilling of rock or concrete.

A known percussion device adopted for the prototype (see patent for invention RU 2060151 C1, publ. 05/20/1996, Bull. No. 14, IPC B25D 9/14, E21C 3/24), containing a cylindrical body closed at both ends, installed it contains a piston with a two-sided rod, the ends of which are placed in the openings of the end walls of the housing, a tool interacting with the material to be processed, rigidly connected to the rod, a piston holding unit in the initial state, and damping means formed by the bypass housing and made on the ends of the rod ka exhaust grooves. The device also contains a source of compressed gas, for example, a charging chamber with an explosive charge detonated when the device is triggered, or another source of compressed gas associated with the over-piston body volume through a special hole.

The disadvantage of this device is the point impact of the percussion instrument on the destructible block at one point of contact of the tool with the block, which limits the size of the destructible block and does not allow a split with the predicted direction of destruction of the block, for example, a split along the line.

The technical problem to be solved consists in forming the effect of the device on the block simultaneously at several points located, for example, along a straight line.

The technical results of the claimed invention is to increase the reliability of splitting large-sized extended objects with a predicted direction of destruction of the object, providing the required effort required to split each specific object.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the percussion device comprising a housing with an inner cylinder, with a piston installed in it with a working tool, a source of compressed gas in communication with the piston volume of the cylinder, a piston holding unit in the initial position, and damping means are introduced from two and more identical pistons with a working tool, each located in its own working cylinder, the device is equipped with a manifold located between the source of compressed gas and the piston volume of the cylinders and communicated a channel with a source of compressed gas and channels with the same throughput with each over-piston volume, the volume of the collector chamber is selected from the condition of smooth gas supply to the pistons, while each piston is activated by opening its own locking devices, and the number of retention units and damping means corresponds to the number pistons.

The introduction into the device of two or more identical pistons with a working tool, each placed in its own working cylinder, with the number of retention nodes and damping means corresponding to the number of introduced pistons, allows reliably splitting large-sized extended objects with a predicted direction of destruction of the object and providing the required force required for splitting each specific object. The introduction of a collector connected using the claimed features, and the choice of the volume of its chamber provide pressure equalization for uniform distribution of compressed gas through the channels of each of the pistons. The correspondence of the number of locking devices to the number of pistons allows you to use the number of pistons necessary for splitting each specific object with the provision of the required force and places of impact on the object.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of one of the working cylinders of the proposed device with a working tool along with a cross section of the collector, the source of compressed gas and the locking device.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of a variant of the proposed device with four working cylinders in the area of the location of the above-piston objects, together with a cross section of the source of compressed gas, the collector chamber, channels and locking devices.

Figure 3 shows the locking device located on each channel supplying gas to the above-piston space in the closed position.

Figure 4 shows the locking device shown in Figure 3 in the "open" position.

The device of a specific implementation contains a source of compressed gas made in the form of an explosive chamber 1, with a gas-generating charge, for example, explosive 11, located in the cavity 9 of the explosive chamber 1, equipped with a shutter 14 with an opening 15 for wiring blasting elements BB 12, a collector 2, containing a collector chamber 8 with channels 7 for supplying gas to the above-piston volumes 5 of the working cylinders 3 and channel 10 for supplying high pressure gas from the explosive chamber, and the channels 7 are equipped with locking devices 6 with bypass openings 13.

The device operates as follows.

In the cavity 9 of the explosive chamber 1 is placed a gas-generating charge 11 with elements taken out outside the chamber to undermine it. The device is placed above the destructible object 16, while the initial distance H between the working tool 4 and the destructible object 16 is selected from the condition of the optimal combination of the mass of the working tool, the characteristics of the destructible object and the speed of impact of the working tool with the object.

The number of working cylinders 3 used to split each specific object 16 can vary from 2 or more working cylinders 3 contained in the installation (in the illustrated embodiment, 4). The inclusion in the work of each working cylinder 3 is made by opening the locking device 6 of this cylinder before each specific operation of the device.

After activating the gas-generating charge 11 (detonating explosives), gases from the cavity 9 of the explosive chamber 1 pass through the channel 10 connecting the cavities of the explosive chamber and the collector into the chamber 8 of the collector 2, and then through the channels 7 of the collector 2 and the holes 13 of the locking device 6 of the involved working cylinders pass into the over-piston cavities 5 of the working cylinders 3 and accelerates the working tools 4 of these working cylinders to the required speeds, as a result of which the working tools, striking the destructible object 16, split the latter, and the line cola approximately coincides with the line connecting the points of impact of working tools on the destructible object. Experiments were carried out on the inventive device with two working cylinders for splitting a granite block. The split line coincided with the line of impact of working tools on the object.

The application of the proposed device allows for the splitting of large-sized rock blocks and concrete structures using gases in high-pressure vessels, including with the help of industrial explosive products, powder charges and other gas sources that are detonated in special explosive chambers, moreover, working cylinders allows you to vary the number of working tools acting on the destructible object, depending on its size, strength and the need to provide Nia split line in a given direction.

Claims (1)

A shock device comprising a housing with an inner cylinder, with a piston installed in it with a working tool, a source of compressed gas in communication with the cylinder’s above-piston volume, a piston holding unit in the initial position, and damping means, characterized in that two or more are inserted into the device identical pistons with a working tool, each placed in its own working cylinder, and equipped with a manifold located between the source of compressed gas and the piston volume of the cylinders and the communicated channel with the source m of compressed gas and channels with the same throughput with each over-piston volume, the volume of the collector chamber is selected from the condition of smooth gas supply to the pistons, while each piston is activated by opening its own locking devices, and the number of retention units and damping means corresponds to the number of pistons.

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