RU2368722C2 - Method for increase of road traffic safety and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of motor roads construction and may be used to increase safety of road users. Method for increase of road traffic safety, when technical facilities are installed on roads for orientation of road users. Orientation borders are narrows to the size of one-and-a-half width of wheel. Technical facilities are arranged in the form of parallel installed guide devices for wheels of motor transport with sections of entry-exit, every of which is mounted for passage of its group of machines that has been previously grouped along wheel tyre width. Installation of guide devices is started from the side of sidewalk along axial line of road with interruption in the area of pedestrian roads, and free traffic lane is formed for joint operation of quick response transport and road-patrol service. Several guide devices are arranged on each traffic lane, one for left or right wheels for single unit of transport, lanes are limited from each other for their independent functioning. Zone of roads with guides is equipped with entry sections of drug control.

EFFECT: reduction of road-transport events, exclusion of possibility of speed mode violation, exit to oncoming lane and sidewalks, creation of driver-caused traffic jams, parking of cars on both sides of road during daytime, increased throughput capacity of existing roads.

4 cl, 2 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of road construction and can be used to improve the safety of road users.

A known method of ensuring road safety (HBS), in which they install technical means along the road and warn drivers or display the traffic situation using road signs [1]. The installation of road signs has a weak disciplinary effect on drivers and requires the creation of more effective means to comply with traffic rules.

There is a method of HBS, in which the road is equipped with markings [2]. This method helps the driver choose an acceptable transportation option, but is not very effective due to its quick abrasion, poor visibility at night and invisibility during snowfalls.

The closest way to the proposed invention is a method of visual orientation of road users, in which signal road columns are installed on the roads having an upper nozzle with reflective elements installed in it and a light source is placed in it, and the upper nozzle of one column is installed at a height of 750 -800 mm, which is included in difficult weather and climate conditions [3]. In the upper nozzle placed on the signal road column, the reflective element is installed at a certain angle with respect to the light beam and is directed, according to the description of this method, along the road from two sides, thereby orienting road users along the width of the carriageway.

The specified method, with the orientation limits from the curb to the curb, cannot be used to orient drivers within the gauge of one car, to prevent exit and to protect cars when leaving the roadway. In addition, the present method, like the previous one, does not prevent the violation of the speed limit and travel to the oncoming lane.

A similar device to the present invention is a guiding device for cars, comprising uprights vertically mounted in the ground with guide rails pivotally attached by means of two-arm holders. It is equipped with two horizontal elements, rigidly mounted on racks, at a distance from each other in height, one of which is located at the same level with the guide tires, each shoulder of the guide rail holders being connected via vertical hinges to the corresponding horizontal element, and each vertical pillar shear is made at the level of the soil surface [4]. This device is installed along the edge of the highway or along the center line of highways with a separate direction of movement and protects cars from exiting, onto a lane with oncoming traffic or beyond the edge of the road. The indicated limits of car protection are the width of one-way traffic, the significant dimensions of the device, which reduce the width of the carriageway, are unacceptable for use on urban streets and roads loaded with vehicles. On highways and other highways, the device mitigates the consequences of accidents, but does not exclude them.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a method for improving traffic safety on roads and a device for its implementation, the technical result of which can provide: reduction in traffic accidents, eliminating the possibility of speed violation, going into the oncoming lane and sidewalks, traffic jams caused by the driver’s fault, car parking on both sides of the road in the daytime, a significant reduction in fatalities and injuries people, increasing the capacity of existing roads, creating a separate lane for rapid response vehicles (TBR) -services 01, 02, 03, 04, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and road patrol services (DPS).

The problem is solved in that in a method of improving traffic safety on roads, in which technical means are installed on the road with the aid of which its participants are visually oriented, according to the invention, road users are guided by the tactile organ, narrowing the orientation boundaries, replacing the reference point of the vehicle traffic restriction border across the road on a mechanical one and transfer it to the zone of wheels, for which the road is equipped with guides for wheels of vehicles, each of which is mounted for passage and along it a group of cars, in connection with which the entire fleet of cars is pre-grouped by the width of the tire tires, the laying of the guides begins from the sidewalk towards the center line of the road and forms a free lane for the joint operation of the rapid response vehicle and the road patrol service, each lane is equipped with several guides, one for the left or right wheels for one unit of transport, thereby creating the possibility of simultaneously moving along the lane of several groups in several consecutive rows, they delimit lanes from each other for their independent functioning, protect the vast majority of drivers and pedestrians from criminal actions of traffic offenders, for which the road zone with guides is equipped with entrance sections of drug treatment, and each driver is forced to no alternative, safe movement along the entire route in it, and the route of movement is chosen before the entrance of the transport to the specified zone.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the guide device for cars installed along the road and containing guides, according to the invention, the guide tires are made in the form of two parallel rows of side stones installed in the roadway to a depth of at least one third of the height of the stone, with an interval between they are up to one and a half sizes of the width of the tire of the wheel and exposed above the road to a half of the diameter of the wheel, provided with a supporting surface for the wheels, sections of the exit-entry of the transport, for example on sections with tram, railways, in places of mass communications, and are interrupted in the area of pedestrian paths. Also according to the invention, the side stones are made, for example, in the form of a parallelepiped, in any design, for example with a gap between them or a solid canvas, for example, from natural mineral or concrete, and the bearing surface for the wheels is made of materials for road surfaces.

Also according to the invention, the guide tires are installed in the roadway at the same level with the road surface.

Also according to the invention, the guide tires are equipped with a device for towing a failed transport vehicle and are cleaned of ice and snow by thawing them and drying them with a stream of exhaust gases.

The essence of the proposed method and device is to improve road safety on roads, it is proposed to use, for the orientation of its participants, a sense of touch, narrowing the boundary of orientation, replacing the reference point of the border restricting the movement of the vehicle across the road with a mechanical one and transferring it to the wheel area, equipping the road with guides for wheels of vehicles and installation of each for their own group of cars to travel on it, in connection with which the entire fleet of cars previously grouped by tire width wheels, laying guides from the sidewalk towards the center line of the road and form a free lane for the joint operation of rapid response vehicles and the road patrol service, and each lane should be equipped with several guides, one for the left or right wheels for one unit of transport, thereby creating the possibility of simultaneously moving along the lane of several groups of cars in several consecutive rows and delimiting lanes from each other for independent their functioning, the protection of the vast majority of drivers and pedestrians from the criminal actions of traffic offenders, for which the road zone with guides should be equipped with drug abuse control entrance sections and forcing each driver to take non-alternative, safe traffic along the entire route in it, and choose a route to enter transport to the specified zone. At the same time, it is proposed to install the guides in the roadway to a depth of at least one third of the height of the stone, with an interval between them up to one and a half wheel tire widths and set up to half the wheel diameter above the road height

The proposed method and the guiding device that implements it are illustrated in FIG. Used by the claims, the terms "guides" - in the method and "guide tires" - in the guiding device, essentially the same structural element, orienting and restricting the movement of vehicles across the road. And since the term “wheel tire” is also present in the method, it was decided to use the term “guides” in the description.

The guides are two rows of vertically arranged side stones 1 (Fig. 1), for example, in the form of parallelepipeds that are installed along road 2 and secured on both sides with rammed scarves 3 made of asphalt, and lined with paving material on the inside, forming a supporting surface 4 for road wheels on the same level as the main road surface. Side stones protrude over the road by a value of "B" and perform the function of a tactile barrier in orienting, restricting and controlling vehicles when moving along the guide, ensuring safe movement, with strictly consistent dimensions of its internal width and height. Replacing visual orientation with a mechanical one will reduce driver fatigue, the guides, through the driver’s sense of touch, will “warn” the latter about hitting them, and transferring a possible collision of the vehicle with the guide to the wheel zone will allow this to happen already at the first moment of changing the vehicle’s course, but at the warning level , not a hit.

Limiting the guide to the strict size of its internal width will not allow the driver to develop greater speed, otherwise the transport will constantly run into the left or right edge of the side stone. Therefore, the specified size should not exceed one and a half sizes of the width of a single or double tire, including the maneuvering corridor when driving along a guide, which is the difference between the internal width of the guide and the width of a single or double tire, within which the driver can change the boundaries of the position of the car when moving. The size of the corridor - for example, from 0.1 of the maximum tire size in its transport group, guarantees the prevention, on the one hand, of speeding, for example, more than 60 km / h in the city, and on the other, increased tension of the driver working in these conditions.

Groups of vehicles are grouped by tire width. Their intervals and sizes of maneuvering corridors are given in table. 1. Depending on the fleet of vehicles and the width of the roads, the number of groups and sizes of corridors may be more or less.

Table 1 dimensions in mm Groups one 2 3 four 5 Tire width spacing 135-165 175-205 240-280 300-320 > 320 Difference within the interval 40 twenty 40 twenty Maneuvering Corridor Size 40 40 fifty 60 70 Min-Max corridor dimensions 40-80 40-60 50-90 60-80 70 ...

The limitation of the guide height will serve as a mechanical barrier for an inexperienced or drunk driver, for those who do not want to obey the rules of the road in principle. For reasons of preserving the aesthetic appearance of roads, the protruding part of the guides above the road should not exceed a value sufficient to ensure the technical impossibility to overcome the obstacle, for example, to half the maximum wheel diameter in each group.

The ideal option is when each width dimension has its own guide. Then the maneuvering corridor will be proportional to the size of the tires, the same for all cars, which will provide a 100% result in observing speed on the roads, excluding driving into the oncoming lane and sidewalks.

All technical issues, including the analysis of the vehicle fleet, their grouping, experiments with all models of vehicles at the landfills to determine the optimal dimensions of their width, height, maneuvering corridors when moving along the guide, as well as their installation above or at the level of the road, as well as others, are possible the necessary parameters sufficient to guarantee compliance with traffic rules is the prerogative of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the regions.

Figure 2 presents the option of placing several guides within the same lane, where the letters denote: "Z" - road clearance, "Tk" - thickness of the side stone, "Shmash". - the width of the machine, "Шн" - the inner width of the guide. The same letters located to the right of the numbers are also used in Tables 2, 3, 4 of the description.

In the three-lane traffic widespread in the Russian Federation, on each of the lanes with a width of 4000 mm - the closest to the sidewalk, and even more so to 3500 mm - the other two, more than one unit of any kind of transport, except for modes. "Eye" will not fit. The use of guides as a variant of the regulated movement of vehicles (RDTS) will make it possible to more economically manage the width of the road, due to the compactness of their location and the elimination of the maneuvering procedure between the lanes.

Tables 2, 3, 4 show the calculations of the occupied road width by all objects located on 3 lanes, suggesting the possibility of forming a separate lane for TBR and DPS. Adding the dimension values row by row from right to left, and this is exactly the way it is proposed to lay guides, starting from the sidewalk in the direction of the center line, we obtain the location coordinate (Σ of each car on the strip from its start point.

table 2 dimensions in mm Lane number 1 - closest to the sidewalk, width - 4000 ← end of strip start of strip → Tr, (A, G, T) Σ = 2920 2500-Shmash. 120Tk 300Z 1 l / a Σ-3610 1503 1800-Shmash. 120 Tk 3003 120 Tk 700 Shn 120 Tk 300Z Bandwidth No. 1, occupied 2 units. transport - 3610. Released - 390 (4000-3610)

On lane number 1, one after another, for example, one trolley bus (Tr) or a bus (A), or a truck (G), or a GAZ taxi (T) can be accommodated - up to 2500 mm wide, with double tires - 640 mm, with a corridor (K) for maneuvering - 60 mm, with a guide width of 700 mm and, for example, one l / a, Shmash-1800 mm, K-40 mm. In addition, when determining the width of the lane occupied by this transport, 2 sections of 300 mm should be taken into account for road gaps, of which between two guides, 1 between Tr (A, G, T) and the sidewalk, and 1-150 mm between l / a and the border of its strip and 3 stone thicknesses of 120 mm each.

Note: For Tr and A, the rails may not be equipped. Their movement will be limited by the right inflated side of the guide rail for another machine.

Table 3 dimensions in mm Lane number 2 - central, width - 3500 ← end of strip start of strip → Gazelle, Jeep Σ = 2270 2000-Shmash 120 Tk 150Z 1 l / a Σ-3180 150Z 1800-Shmash. 120 Tk 300Z 120 Tk 420 Shn 120 Tk 150Z Bandwidth No. 1, occupied 2 units. transport - 3180. Released - 320 (3500-3180)

On the strip No. 2, one after another, one can fit, for example, one Gazelle with twin tires Ш-370 mm, К-50 mm, with Шн-420 mm or Jeep - both Shmash - 2000 mm and one l / a, Shmash - 1800 mm, K - 40 mm. You should also take into account 3 sections for road gaps, 1 of which is 300 mm between two rails, and 2 - 150 mm each, between the outer sides of cars and the borders of its strip and 3 stone thicknesses of 120 mm each.

Table 4 dimensions in mm Lane number 2 - central, width - 3500 ← end of strip start of strip → l / a 1 Σ = 2070 1800-Shmash. 120 Tk 150Z l / a 2 Σ-2715 150Z 1700-Shmash 120 Tk 300Z 120 Tk 205 Shn 120 Tk 150Z Bandwidth No. 3, occupied 2 units. transport - 2715. Released - 785 (3500-2715)

On the strip No. 3 in series, one after another, can accommodate, for example 2 l / a, with Shmash-1800 mm and 1700 mm, K-40, with Shn-205 mm. To these should be added 2 sections for gaps, 1 of which is 300 mm between two guides, 1-150 mm between the rightmost machine and the border of its strip, and 3 stone thicknesses of 120 mm each.

As can be seen from tables 2, 3, 4, the equipment with guides on one side of the road with three lanes, with a total width of 11,000 mm, will release a section with a width of ~ 1,500 mm (390 + 320 + 785), and for the road as a whole - 3,000 mm, which is enough for creation of a free lane for TBR and traffic police. In addition, the appearance of the guides will remove the problem, which for many years has not been resolved by the local authorities, free roads from a / vehicles illegally parked on the whole day from both sides, return the possibility of using the road for its intended purpose, restore (and actually increase) its design capacity ability, will reduce the likelihood of an accident. And all this within the existing roads, without their expansion.

To eliminate unlawful actions by traffic violators, the traffic lane for the TBR and traffic police is equipped with barriers and control elements on both sides of the lane.

According to the results of drug control, the driver is allowed to travel or removed from it, and the car is removed to the sump.

On the eve of the introduction of the RDTS, a map of the road communications of a specific city goes on sale, information about this is supplemented by an electronic display at all entries of the road zone with guides, at gas stations and on the Internet, for which each driver, including and nonresident, will be able to choose the shortest route from the point of entry into the road zone with guides to the destination

In order to mitigate possible collisions of vehicles on the rails, it is advisable to equip their internal vertical surfaces with spring-loaded, rotating bodies protruding inward (not shown).

It is advisable to carry side stones, for example, in the form of a parallelepiped, in any design, for example with a gap between them or a solid canvas, for example, from a natural mineral or concrete.

It is also advisable to install the guide tires in the roadway at the same level with the road surface (not shown).

It is also advisable to equip the guide tires with a device for towing failed vehicles and clean them from ice and snow by defrosting them and drying them with a stream of exhaust gases

Thus, despite the speech of the head of the Department of Road Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia V.N. Kiryanov on 07.07.2007 at a press conference in ITAR-TASS (www.gibdd.ru), the quote: “... Most accidents continue to be caused by drivers that flagrantly violate the rules of the road. In the first place, according to the number of causes of road accidents, there is a violation of the high-speed regime, in the second place is driving into the oncoming lane, and in the third place is the failure to comply with the order of intersections ... Every year, more than 30 thousand people die on Russian roads, and the number of injured is hundreds of thousands. And alas, no improvement is expected to improve yet ... ”and taking into account the speech of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, R.G. Nurgaliyev, dated 03.09.07 at the second meeting of the Public Council at the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (www.mvd.rn) - quote:“ ... The main cause of road accidents is a deliberate failure to comply with safety requirements, malicious violation of the rules by road users. It is such violations that have become widespread ... The system of engineering and technical support for the safety of vehicles does not meet modern requirements ... But the main task facing the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in this area is to do everything to prevent dangerous behavior of road users ... ", there is reason to believe that the use of the invention can provide a technical result, which will be expressed in the reduction of traffic accidents, in the exclusion of the possibility of nar reducing the speed limit, entering the oncoming lane and sidewalks, creating traffic jams due to the driver’s fault, parking cars on both sides of the road in the daytime, significantly reducing dead and mutilated people, increasing the capacity of existing roads, and creating a separate lane for TBR and DPS.

Information sources

1. Rules of the road, Atberg 98 Publishing House, Moscow, 2007.

2. GOST R52289-2004, Technical means of traffic management. Rules for the use of road signs, markings, traffic lights, road fences and guides. Gosstandart of Russia, Moscow.

3. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2237773, 7 cells. E01F 9/00, 9/015, publ. 2004.10.10 - a prototype.

Claims (4)

1. A way to improve traffic safety on roads, in which technical means are installed on the roads for orienting traffic participants, characterized in that they narrow the boundaries of orientation to the size of one and a half wheel widths, the technical means are implemented in the form of parallel-mounted guiding devices for motor vehicles with entrance sections - exit, each of which is mounted for travel with its own group of machines previously grouped by the width of the tire width, while the laying of the guiding devices begins from the sidewalk along the center line of the road with interruption in the area of pedestrian paths and form a free lane for the joint operation of the rapid response vehicle and the road patrol service, and on each lane there are several guiding devices, one for the left or right wheels for one transport units delimit the lanes from each other for their independent functioning, and the area of roads with guides is equipped with entrance sections of drug treatment. 2. A guide device for cars for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is installed along the road and made in the form of two parallel rows of side stones installed in the roadway to a depth of at least one third of the height of the stone, with an interval between them to one and a half wheel tire widths and exposed above the road to half the wheel diameter, and has a bearing surface for the wheels, portions of the vehicle entry and exit, for example, at intersections with tram, railways, in places of ssovyh communications, and is interrupted in the area of footpaths. 3. The guide device according to claim 2, characterized in that the side stones are made, for example, in the form of a parallelepiped in any design, for example, with a gap between them or a solid blade, for example, of natural mineral or concrete, and the bearing surface for the wheels - from materials for road surfaces and is installed in the roadway on the same level with the road surface. 4. The guide device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for towing a failed transport vehicle and it is cleaned of ice and snow by thawing and draining the exhaust gas stream.

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