RU2367515C1 - Sorbent of hydrocarbon and lipids and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: sorbent of the hydrocarbon and lipids contains fine water absorbing material with siloxane fragments fixed on its surface and having the general formula

whereat R: O; R_a: CH3, O-,; R_b: CH₃, H; R_c: CH₃, O-; n ≤ 50. The method of its preparation lies in modification of fine material particles with organosilicone liquid selected from the group: solutions of hydride siloxane liquids in non-polar solvents, water emulsions of hydride siloxane liquids, water solutions of alkali metals siliconates. The said modification is carried out by stepwise sorbent loading and mixing in the reactor at temperature 20-500^oC during 15-60 min with rate of stirrer rotation providing the turbulence mode with following drying during 3-4 hrs. at temperature 150±25°C with rotation rate selected according to condition : Re=2000÷12000 whereat Re is Reynolds number.

EFFECT: reducing of sorbent cost and water absorption, decrease of the time of sorbent binding with extracted substances, providing of the one-stage method implementation.

9 cl, 26 ex

Description

The invention relates to compositions of solid sorbents designed to remove fatty or oily particles or similar floating substances, to maintain in good condition or clean the surface of water bodies from oil and similar floating materials by separating and removing these materials by sorption cleaning.

Known powder sorbent for collecting hydrocarbons containing ferromagnets, carbon and hydrogen at a certain ratio of components, and the mass ratio of carbon to hydrogen is 30-60, and the powder particles have a spherical shape with a size of 0.015-0.500 μm (RU No. 2088534, 1995).

The disadvantages of this sorbent are low efficiency, high cost and complexity of production.

Known sorbent obtained by mixing spheres of barium ferrite with a diameter of 8-10 mm with granules and powder of iron oxide. Water purification using this sorbent from oil products involves filtering water through the obtained sorbent (RU No. 2156225, 2000).

The disadvantages of this sorbent are insufficient buoyancy, high cost and unsuitability for cleaning the surface of large water areas.

A known sorbent of hydrocarbons from water based on magnetite and a method for its production, providing for the chemical modification of the surface of magnetite particles with a silicon-containing compound in such a way that groups of the general formula are immobilized on the surface of magnetite

where R and R 'are H, CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ ; n = 10-20.

According to this invention, a suspension of magnetite in an organic solvent in the first stage is treated with aminopropyltriethoxysilane or aminoethoxysiloxane, and in the second stage the obtained sizing magnetite is treated with a silicone hydrophobizing liquid. Magnetite is used in the form of particles with a size of (1-100) · 10 ^-6 m, captured by electrostatic precipitators of metallurgical industries, or in the form of particles obtained by precipitation from solutions of Fe ²⁺ / Fe ⁺³ salts with alkali, with a particle size (0.01- 1.0) · 10 ^-6 m. In this case, to obtain a sorbent, a suspension of magnetite is treated with Υ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or aminoethoxysiloxane at a mass ratio of these compounds to magnetite equal to 1: (50-150), at a temperature of 15-40 ° С. As an organosilicon liquid, use an aqueous emulsion of ethyl hydride siloxane or methyl hydride siloxane liquid with an emulsion of organosilicon compounds of 4-50% and a weighted ratio of magnetite / water emulsion equal to (2.0-50): 1. Preferably, the sorbent is dried at 150-200 ° C. to a residual moisture content of less than 5%. As a result, the total amount of methyl and ethyl radicals on the surface of magnetite is 0.01-0.1 mol per 100 g of magnetite. The specific surface area is 20-150 m ² / g of sorbent (RU No. 2232633, 2004).

The disadvantages of this sorbent and the method of its production are the high cost due to the narrowness of the raw material base, the need for careful fractionation and selection of magnetite particles by size and multi-stage processing in the production process, undesirable large water absorption up to 10% of the initial water absorption of the raw material particles, i.e. insufficient hydrophobicity, long binding time of the sorbent with the extracted substances, of 7 minutes or more, due to the small total number and suboptimal structure of groups (or fragments, or radicals) immobilized on the surface of the sorbent.

An object of the present invention is to develop a method and obtain an inexpensive sorbent for purifying water from hydrocarbons and lipids, which provides higher purification efficiency, and expanding the arsenal of sorbents for purifying water from hydrocarbons and lipids and an arsenal of methods for producing a sorbent.

The technical result that provides a solution to the problem consists in reducing the cost due to the expansion of the raw material base of inexpensive and widely available finely divided materials, one-stage chemical processing of the material in the process of producing the sorbent, and a reduction in water absorption to 5% of the initial particle absorption, i.e. an increase in hydrophobicity, a decrease in the time of binding of the sorbent with recoverable substances, ranging from 10 s to 5 min, due to the increased total number and optimal structure of groups fixed on the surface of the sorbent.

The essence of the invention in terms of the sorbent of hydrocarbons and lipids is that the sorbent of hydrocarbons and lipids contains a water-absorbing finely dispersed material, the particle surface of which is modified by organosilicon compounds, and on the surface of the particles of the water-absorbing finely dispersed material, siloxane fragments of the general formula are fixed as modifying organosilicon compounds

Where

R: O

R _a : CH ₃ ; O-;

R _b : CH ₃ , H;

R _c CH ₃ , O-;

n≤50.

Preferably, as a finely divided material, it contains a solid-phase finely divided material, the particles of which have dia-, para- and / or ferromagnetic properties.

Preferably, as a finely divided material, it contains solid-phase finely divided material from the group: white soot, chemically precipitated chalk, river sand, peat, wood from the group of shavings or sawdust, magnetite.

Moreover, the number of siloxane groups on the surface of the particles of finely dispersed material is 0.1-0.3 mol per 100 g of sorbent, its water absorption is 2-6 times less than the water absorption of its fine particles, and the binding time of the extracted substances is in ranging from 10 seconds to 5 minutes.

The essence of the invention in terms of a method for producing the above-described sorbent of hydrocarbons and lipids is that particles of finely dispersed water-absorbing material are modified with an organosilicon liquid from the group: solutions of hydridesiloxane liquids in non-polar solvents, aqueous emulsions of hydridesiloxane liquids, aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates are carried out by modifying gradual loading and mixing of material in a reactor with an organosilicon liquid at a temperature D 20-50 ° C at 150 ± 25 ° C, the rotational speed of the mechanical stirrer is selected from conditions for 15-60 minutes with a mechanical stirrer at a rotational speed providing turbulence regime, followed by drying for 3-4 hours:

R _e = n · d ² / γ = 2000 ÷ 12000,

where Re is the Reynolds number;

γ is the kinematic viscosity of the solvent;

n is the number of revolutions of the stirrer per minute;

d is the diameter of the mixer.

In particular cases of implementation, the particles of finely dispersed material are modified at atmospheric pressure with an organosilicon liquid in a non-polar solvent with a dielectric constant of less than 3 and a boiling point of not more than 130 ° C. In other cases, the implementation of the particles of fine material is modified with a solution of hydridesiloxane liquid in a non-polar solvent in a ratio of 1:40, respectively.

Preferably, the sorbent is dried with a layer with a height of not more than 50 mm, moreover, a neutralizing agent, for example 30% acetic acid, can be added to the finely dispersed materials, and additionally mixed for 10-15 minutes, and as a finely dispersed material, solid-phase finely divided material from the group is taken: white soot, chemically precipitated chalk, river sand, peat, magnetite, wood from the group: shavings or sawdust.

The implementation of the method, verification of the properties of the obtained sorbent and its application are as follows.

The following solid-state water-absorbing (i.e., hydrophilic and, therefore, having OH groups on the surface) finely dispersed materials, particles of which have dia-, para- and / or ferromagnetic properties, were used in the examples of the sorbent and its preparation to obtain them based sorbents for the collection of hydrocarbons.

1. White soot - BS-120 (source - Sterlitamak, Bashkortostan).

2. Chalk chemically precipitated.

3. Sand river.

3. Peat (source - Moscow region).

5. Wood (shavings or sawdust).

6. Magnetite.

The structural formulas of the sorbents themselves (hydrophilic fine materials) depend on the type of material and are given in the specialized literature. These substances were modified using organosilicon compounds according to the claimed method, resulting in organosiloxane compounds which, interacting with reactive OH groups located on the surface of a hydrophilic material, give this material the ability to swim and absorb a significant amount of oil or oil.

An experimental verification of the effectiveness of the sorbents obtained according to the present invention was carried out as follows.

The following characteristics of the obtained sorbents were studied.

Bulk weight, particle size, water absorption compared to the feedstock, binding ability in relation to oil and lipids, the ability of the collected material (sorbent with bound hydrocarbon) to swim or sink.

Bulk weight was determined as follows.

A 1.5 cm ³ conical plastic graduated tube was weighed, 1 cm ^{3 of the} test substance was introduced into it, and the weight of the tube with the substance was determined. The bulk density of the substance was calculated as the difference in the weight of the tube with the substance and the weight of the tube itself.

Weighing was carried out on an Ohaus analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.1 mg.

Particle size was determined using the method of light microscopy on a Bilam microscope.

Determination of water absorption of sorbents and raw materials was carried out according to the following method.

500 mg of the starting material and the sorbent were placed in a 5 cm ³ plastic tube, the tubes were weighed, and 4 ml of water was added. Tubes with the substance or sorbent and water were placed on a mechanical shaker and incubated for 30 minutes. Water was poured from the tubes through a dense paper filter and the weight of the tube with the sorbent after contact with water was determined. The ratio of water absorption of the initial water-absorbing finely dispersed material (i.e., hydrophilic and having OH groups on the surface) and the sorbent obtained on its basis were calculated.

The binding ability of sorbents in relation to oil and lipids was determined as follows.

In a 50 cm ³ plastic Petri dish previously weighed, 30 cm ^{3 of} water and 1 cm ^{3 of} oil were poured. A weighed portion of the sorbent — 50 mg or 100 mg — was taken and applied on top of the sorbent to an oil stain, mixed by gentle shaking for 5 minutes, and the collected mixture was removed from the surface, or the oil was drained if the collected mixture sank. Completeness of removal was evaluated either visually or by weighing the remaining unbound oil.

In the studies used oil with a specific gravity of 0.8 g / cm ³ and vegetable oil - specific gravity of 0.9 g / cm ³ .

Two types of organosilicon liquids were used to obtain the sorbent.

A. Hydridosiloxane (or siloxane) liquids (GZh-1,2), in the form of 5% solutions in non-polar solvents (hexane) or 3-7% aqueous emulsions. When processing solid finely dispersed material with the indicated liquids, siloxane fragments containing radicals corresponding to liquids GZh-1.2 are fixed on its surface. Deciphering the structural formulas of organosilicon liquids:

GZh-1 contains organosilicon fragments in accordance with formula (1) with n = 20-40;

GZh-2 contains organosilicon fragments in accordance with formula (1) with n = 30-50:

Industrial production of hydridesiloxane fluids is similar to fluids produced in accordance with TU 38-103698-89 used in the construction of buildings and roads. Hexane (chemical formula CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) ₄ —CH ₃ ) or nefras can be used as a non-polar solvent.

B. Aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates (sodium or potassium).

Siliconates of sodium or potassium are used in the form of 3-8% aqueous solutions of methylsiliconates MCH and MSC, respectively. When a solid sorbent is treated with the indicated liquids, siloxane fragments containing a methyl radical at the silicon atom are fixed on its surface.

MSC and MCH contains organosilicon fragments in accordance with formula (1) with n = 1-10

The connection of the siloxane groups of the sorbent with the surface of the carrier is based on the fact that the functional group located at the Si atom interacts with the hydroxyl group bonded to the surface of the water-absorbing finely dispersed material by a hydrogen bond and is fixed on it. In this case, H ₂ is formed as a reaction product (in the case of a hydride-containing liquid).

M-OH + H [Si (R _a R _b ) -O-] _n → MO [Si (R _a R _b ) -O-] _n + H ₂ ↑

(where M is the surface of the sorbent).

The interaction of potassium or sodium methylsiliconates with the surface of the sorbent (M) occurs (examples No. 31-42) according to the following scheme:

A chemical reaction on the surface of the sorbent proceeds in the presence of CO ₂ (carbon dioxide contained in the atmosphere). In this case, an acidic sodium or potassium salt of carbonic acid is formed.

As a result, the Si atom bonded to the surface has only two free valencies, and it is capable of forming siloxane bonds with two Si atoms, as described above. If R _c represents oxygen O, the free valency of oxygen is bonded to silicon atoms of neighboring siloxane fragments, while the structure of bonds between the fragments is as follows:

     Condensation at the -Si-O - bonds ceases when the free valency of oxygen is blocked by the free valency of silicon to form the -Si-O-Si- bond.

Modification of solid sorbents by organosilicon compounds in a non-polar solvent.

     Example 1

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-1 are loaded. The speed of the mixer is set at 320 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11800). Next, finely dispersed material (white carbon black) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

The bulk density of the obtained sorbent is 0.22 g / cm ³ .

The particle size of a micron is 12-24.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 5 times less than the water absorption of the fine soot particles included in its composition.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 15-20. Binding time is from 50 seconds to 2.5 minutes.

Binding ability in relation to oil 1: 10-15. Binding time is 2-5 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 2

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-2 are loaded. Set the speed of the mixer 310 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11650). Next, finely dispersed material (white carbon black) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 30-50:

The bulk density of the obtained sorbent is 0.2 g / cm ³ .

The particle size of microns is 10-22.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 5.2 times less than the water absorption of the fine soot particles included in its composition.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 15-20. Binding time is from 45 seconds to 2 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil -1: 10-15.

Binding time is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 3

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-1 are loaded. The speed of the mixer is set at 320 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11800). Next, finely dispersed material (chemically precipitated chalk) in an amount of 50 g is loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension is stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

The bulk density of the sorbent is 0.9 g / cm ³ . Particle size, microns 20-50.

Water absorption is 2.7 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided chalk particles.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1.5 to 5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

Binding time is 3-7 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 4

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-2 are loaded. Set the speed of the mixer 310 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11650). Next, finely dispersed material (chemically precipitated chalk) in an amount of 50 g is loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension is stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 30-50:

The bulk weight of the sorbent is 0.92 g / cm ³

The particle size, microns 25-55.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.45 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided chalk particles.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1 to 5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

Binding time is 3-7 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 5

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-1 are loaded. The speed of the mixer is set to 160 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 700). Next, finely dispersed material (river sand) is loaded into the flask for 5 minutes in an amount of 50 g. The resulting suspension is stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container. Organosilicon fragments on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) with n = 20-40:

The bulk weight of the sorbent 1.53 g / cm ³

Particle Size - microns - 490-510

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.1 times less than the water absorption of its fine particles of sand.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 5. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 10 to 60 seconds.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 3-5.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is from 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

     Example 6

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-2 are loaded. Set the speed of the stirrer to 145 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 680). Next, finely dispersed material (river sand) is loaded into the flask for 5 minutes in an amount of 50 g. The resulting suspension is stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container. Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 30-50:

The bulk weight of the sorbent 1,535 g / cm ³

Particle size - microns - 480-500

Water absorption is 2 times less than water absorption of its fine particles of sand.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 5. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 12 to 60 seconds.

The binding ability in relation to oil is 1: 3-5.

The binding time of the extracted substances is in the range from 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

     Example 7

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-1 are loaded. The speed of the mixer is set at 320 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11800). Next, finely dispersed material (peat) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

Bulk weight g / cm ³ -0.52

Particle size microns - 100-500

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.7 times less than the water absorption of the fine peat particles included in it.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 3 to 5 minutes. The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 3-5.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 3-5 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

Example 8

In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-2 are loaded. The speed of the mixer is set at 320 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11800). Next, finely dispersed material (wood shavings) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.175

Particle size - mm - 5 · 5 · 0.2

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided particles of chips.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:15. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1 to 3 minutes. The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is 3-5 minutes.

The collected mixture floats

Example 9

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-2 are loaded. Set the speed of the mixer 310 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11650). Next, finely dispersed material (wood shavings) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 30-50:

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.182

Particle size - mm - 5 · 15 · 0.21

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided particles of chips.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:15. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1.2 to 3 minutes. The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil = 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 3-5 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

Example 10

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of siloxane liquid GZH-1 are loaded. The speed of the mixer is set at 320 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11800). Next, finely dispersed material (magnetite) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.83

The particle size of microns is 5-500.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.5 times less than the water absorption of the finely divided magnetite particles that make up it.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 10. The binding time of the extracted substances is in the range from 30 seconds to 1.5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

Example 11

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a non-polar solvent (hexane) and 5 g of GZH-2 hydridesiloxane liquid are charged. Set the speed of the mixer 310 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 11650). Next, finely dispersed material (magnetite) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 30-50:

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.83

The particle size of microns is 5-500.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.5 times less than the water absorption of the finely divided magnetite particles that make up it.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10. The binding time of the extracted substances by it ranges from 30 seconds to 1.5 minutes. The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

Modification of solid sorbents by aqueous emulsions of organosilicon compounds.

     Example 12

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous emulsion of organosilicon compound GZH-1 are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 35 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 600 rpm, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 3700). Next, finely dispersed material (sawdust) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at 35 ° C for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.16

Particle size - mm - 5 · 5 · 0., 2

Water absorption is 2 times less than the water absorption of its fine particles of sawdust.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:15. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1.5 to 3 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1-10.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 3-5 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 13

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous emulsion of organosilicon compound GZH-1 are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 35 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 250 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 2000). Next, finely dispersed material (magnetite) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at 35 ° C for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.83

The particle size of microns is 5-500.

Water absorption is 2.5 times less than the water absorption of the finely divided magnetite particles that make up it.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10. The binding time of the extracted substances by it ranges from 30 seconds to 1.5 minutes. The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

     Example 14

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous emulsion of organosilicon compound GZH-1 are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 35 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 600 rpm, which corresponds to the turbulent mixing mode (Re = 3700). Next, finely dispersed material (peat) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at 35 ° C for 15-20 minutes and unloaded into a baking sheet 300 × 300 mm in size and 50 mm flanging height. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is turned off and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 20-40:

The bulk weight of the sorbent g / cm ³ - 0.48

Particle size microns - 120-500

Water absorption is 2.7 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided peat particles.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 3 to 5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is 5-7 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

Modification of solid sorbents with aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates.

     Example 15

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous solution of MSC are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (wood sawdust) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.18

Particle size - mm - 5 · 8 · 0.2

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided particles of sawdust.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:15. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1.5 to 3 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 3-5 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 16

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 3% aqueous solution of SIT was charged. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (wood sawdust) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.175

Particle size - mm - 5 · 8 · 0.2

Water absorption is 2 times less than the water absorption of its fine particles of sawdust.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:15. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1.5 to 3 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 3-5 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 17

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous solution of MSC are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (peat) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

The bulk weight of the sorbent g / cm ³ - 0.48

Particle size microns - 120-500

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.7 times less than the water absorption of the fine peat particles included in it.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 3 to 5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the sorbent with the extracted substances is 5-7 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 18

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 6% aqueous solution of SIT was charged. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (peat) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) with n = 1-10

The bulk weight of the sorbent g / cm ³ - 0.48

Particle size microns - 120-500

Water absorption is 2.7 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided peat particles.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10. The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 3 to 5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is 5-7 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 19

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous solution of MSC are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (chemically precipitated chalk) in the amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

The bulk weight of the sorbent is 0.91 g / cm ³

Particle size, microns 20-50.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.6 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided chalk particles.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1 to 5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 3-7 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 20

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 7% aqueous solution of SIT is charged. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (chemically precipitated chalk) in the amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container. Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

The bulk weight of the sorbent is 0.91 g / cm ³

Particle size, microns 20-50.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.6 times less than the water absorption of its finely divided chalk particles.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 1 to 5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 3-5 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

     Example 21

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous solution of MSC are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (white carbon black) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container. Organosilicon fragments on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) with n = 1-10

The bulk density of the obtained sorbent is 0.2 g / cm ³ .

The particle size of microns is 10-22.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 5.2 times less than the water absorption of the fine soot particles included in its composition.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 15-20. The binding time of the extracted substances from 45 seconds to 2 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 10-15.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 22

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 4% aqueous solution of SIT was charged. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (white carbon black) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

The bulk density of the obtained sorbent is 0.2 g / cm ³ .

The particle size of microns is 10-22.

The water absorption of the sorbent is 5.2 times less than the water absorption of the fine soot particles included in its composition.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 15-20.

The binding time of the extracted substances from 45 seconds to 2 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 10-15.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture floats.

     Example 23

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous solution of MSC are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (magnetite) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container. Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.83

The particle size of microns is 5-500.

Water absorption is 2.5 times less than the water absorption of the finely divided magnetite particles that make up it.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it ranges from 30 seconds to 1.5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

     Example 24

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 3% aqueous solution of SIT was charged. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (magnetite) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-15 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a pan of 300 × 300 mm in size and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

Bulk weight g / cm ³ - 0.83

The particle size of microns is 5-500.

Water absorption is 2.5 times less than the water absorption of the finely divided magnetite particles that make up it.

The binding capacity of oil is 1:10.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it ranges from 30 seconds to 1.5 minutes.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 5-7.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

     Example 25

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous solution of MSC are loaded. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (river sand) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-20 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the sorbent is unloaded into the container.

Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

The bulk weight of the sorbent 1.53 g / cm ³

Particle Size - microns - 490-510

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.1 times less than the water absorption of its fine particles of sand.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 5.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 10 to 60 seconds.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 3.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

     Example 26

     In a laboratory flask with a volume of 1 liter with a stirrer with a diameter of 30 mm, 200 g of a 5% aqueous solution of SIT was charged. Turn on the external heating of the flask, heat to a temperature of 45 ° C, set the speed of the stirrer to 15 r / s, which corresponds to a turbulent mixing mode (Re = 5500). Next, finely dispersed material (river sand) in an amount of 50 g was loaded into the flask for 5 minutes. The resulting suspension was stirred at a temperature of 45 ° C for 40-50 minutes. Then add a neutralizing agent - 20 g of 30% acetic acid and mix for 10-20 minutes. Next, the suspension is unloaded into a baking sheet with a size of 300 × 300 mm and a flanging height of 50 mm. The baking sheet is placed in an oven and dried at a temperature of 150 ° C for 3-4 hours with periodic stirring with a spatula. Then the heating of the drying cabinet is stopped and after free cooling the modified sorbent is unloaded into the container. Organosilicon fragments are fixed on the surface of the sorbent in accordance with formula (1) at n = 1-10

The bulk weight of the sorbent 1.53 g / cm ³

Particle Size - microns - 490-510

The water absorption of the sorbent is 2.1 times less than the water absorption of its fine particles of sand.

The binding ability of oil is 1: 5.

The binding time of the extracted substances by it is in the range from 10 to 60 seconds.

The binding ability of the sorbent in relation to oil is 1: 3.

The binding time of the extracted substances is 1-3 minutes.

The collected mixture is drowning.

In all examples 1-42, the number of siloxane groups on the surface of the particles of finely divided material is 0.1-0.3 mol per 100 g of the resulting sorbent.

Sorbent is delivered to the consumer, for example, in paper bags. To use water purification from hydrocarbons, the sorbent is evenly scattered over the surface of the reservoir or tank to be cleaned. Depending on the collection conditions of the collected mixture of sorbent with hydrocarbon, a sorbent is selected that forms a mixture that drowns, or a mixture that floats. The floating mixture is collected from the surface of the water in various known ways. The sinking mixture can be left at the bottom of the reservoir, especially if the depth is large enough and it does not pose an environmental threat, and no work is expected at the bottom of the reservoir. Purified water can be pumped out in the tank, and the sinking mixture remaining at the bottom is collected.

Thus, an inexpensive sorbent was created, a one-stage method for producing a sorbent for water purification from hydrocarbons and lipids, which provides higher cleaning efficiency, and the arsenal of methods for producing sorbents and sorbents for water purification from hydrocarbons and lipids has been expanded.

At the same time, prime cost was reduced, one-stage chemical processing of the material was ensured, water absorption was reduced to 5% of the initial water absorption of particles, i.e. increased hydrophobicity, reduced binding time of the sorbent with recoverable substances.

Claims (12)

1. The sorbent of hydrocarbons and lipids, containing finely dispersed material, the particle surface of which is modified by organosilicon compounds, characterized in that on the surface of the particles of water-absorbing finely dispersed material, siloxane fragments of the general formula are fixed as modifying organosilicon compounds

where R is O;
R _a is CH ₃ , O-;
R _b is CH ₃ , H;
R _c is CH ₃ , O-;
n≤50. 2. The sorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that as a finely dispersed material it contains a solid-phase finely dispersed material, the particles of which have dia-, para- and / or ferromagnetic properties. 3. Sorbent according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that as a finely divided material it contains solid-phase finely divided material from the group: white carbon black, chemically precipitated chalk, river sand, peat, wood (shavings or sawdust), magnetite. 4. Sorbent according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the amount of siloxane groups on the surface of the particles of finely divided material is 0.1-0.3 mol per 100 g of sorbent. 5. The sorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that its water absorption is 2-6 times less than the water absorption of its fine particles. 6. The sorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that the binding time of the extracted substances is in the range from 10 s to 5 minutes 7. The method of producing a sorbent of hydrocarbons and lipids according to claim 1, wherein the particles of finely dispersed water-absorbing material are modified with an organosilicon liquid from the group: solutions of hydridosiloxane liquids in non-polar solvents, aqueous emulsions of hydridosiloxane liquids, aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates, the modification is carried out by gradual loading and mixing of material in a reactor with an organosilicon liquid at a temperature of 20-50 ° C for 15-60 min mechanical mesh lkoy with rotation speed providing turbulence regime, followed by drying for 3-4 hours at a temperature of 150 ± 25 ° C, the rotation speed of the mechanical stirrer vybiryut conditions:
Re = n · d ² / γ = 2000-12000,
where Re is the Reynolds number;
γ is the kinematic viscosity of the solvent;
n is the number of revolutions of the stirrer per minute;
d is the diameter of the mixer. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the particles of finely dispersed material are modified at atmospheric pressure with an organosilicon liquid in a non-polar solvent with a dielectric constant of less than 3 and a boiling point of not more than 130 ° C. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the particles of finely dispersed material are modified with a solution of hydridesiloxane liquid in a non-polar solvent in a ratio of 1:40, respectively. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the sorbent is dried with a layer with a height of not more than 50 mm. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that a neutralizing agent, for example, 30% acetic acid, is added to the finely dispersed materials, and further stirred for 10-15 minutes 12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that as a finely dispersed material, solid-phase finely dispersed material is taken from the group: white soot, chemically precipitated chalk, river sand, peat, wood (shavings or sawdust), magnetite.