RU2366507C1 - Grain crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain crusher includes loading tank, housing with electric motor carrying plate-shaped grinding tool on its shaft, basement carrying gate and operational chamber with holes in bottom and lateral surface. Also grain crusher features guide pipe, vibration- and electric-proof pad and dividing partition installed inside the housing. Loading tank and guide pipe attached to it and tilted by 57°-63° against the basement are fixated rigidly to housing side wall. Vibration- and electric-proof pad is fixated to the basement bottom and bears electric motor. Grinding tool plate features central hole with blades with cutting edge and cutting angle within 43°-47° positioned diametrically and symmetrically at both sides of the hole. Load-carrying part of the blades has shape of tapered sharp angle of 18°-22°.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of grain crusher operation, reduced electric power cost, prolonged operational life of grain crusher, enhanced mechanical durability and electric safety grade, reduced motor overheating.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for mechanized processing of grain crops for animal feed and may find application in farms and individual farms.

Known chopper patent for utility model RU 64945 U1, B02C 18/06 (2006.01), filing date 2007.01.18, publication date 2007.07.27.

Common features of the analogue and the claimed grain crusher is the presence of a loading device, a vertical cylindrical grinding chamber, inside of which a rotary knife in the form of a plate is fixed on the shaft, as well as a separator of particles of crushed material and a cover (in the claimed grain crusher there are bases).

The grinder of Bechter E.N. is also known. according to the patent for utility model RU 62036 U1, В02С 9/04 (2006.01), application filing date 2006.10.17, publication date 2007.03.27.

Common signs of the grinder and the inventive grain crusher are the presence of a horizontal supporting platform, a loading and unloading hopper, a reflector in the form of a ring, a vertically mounted electric motor, on the end of the shaft of which a plate knife is mounted in a horizontal plane - a chopping tool.

The disadvantage of the above analogues is the increased load on the electric motor, which leads to an increase in energy consumption. Another disadvantage is the structural imperfection of the device parts, in particular a grinding tool in the form of a plate on which there are no cutting blades with the corresponding sharpening, which also affects the degree of grain crushing.

The disadvantage is also the overheating of the electric motor located under the casing.

Improved designs of cutting tools are known, for example, a knife to a grinding device according to the patent for utility model RU 47260 U1, 7 В02С 18/36, filing date 2004.02.20, published 2005.08.27, and in the grinder according to the utility model patent RU 68921 U1, В02С 1/06 (2006.01), application filing date 2007.08.06, published 2007.12.10.

The knife to the grinding device includes a sleeve, a blade with a pointed cutting part located on both sides of the knife blade, which is made in the form of two symmetrically arranged curved lines connected by an arc. This design of the knife provides an increase in the intensity of grinding and smooth flow over the cutting part of the knife.

The disadvantage of the knife is the lack of a second shoulder and the technological complexity of manufacturing.

In the grinder according to another patent, a cutting tool in the form of a knife for grinding grain is made in the form of a metal plate with rounded ends, in the center of which a through hole is made.

The disadvantage of the knife is the lack of cutting edges, which increases the contact area of grain with a grinding tool.

As a prototype, a device for grinding grain was selected according to the patent for utility model RU 54533 U1, В02С 9/02 (2006.01), application filing date 2006.01.27, publication date 2006.07.10.

The prototype contains a housing, inside which all the nodes and parts of the device are located. A casing with a vertically mounted electric motor is fixed on a horizontal base, on the shaft of which a grinding element in the form of a flat plate is fixed. The device comprises a loading hopper, a working chamber in the form of a cylindrical bowl with holes on the bottom and side surface, fixed to the bottom of the base. The loading hopper is formed by inclined surfaces mating with each other. At the bottom of the loading hopper is a window for feeding grain. The window is equipped with a shutter that blocks it at the time of loading the hopper. The lower part of the body is equipped with flanges with holes for fasteners for fixing the device to any surface.

In the prototype device, improved grinding quality, compactness of the device and high productivity are achieved.

Common signs of the inventive grain crusher and prototype are the presence of a base, a working chamber with holes on the bottom and side surface, a loading tank, an electric motor with a casing, on the shaft of which a grinding tool in the form of a flat plate is fixed, as well as a damper. The working chamber and the shutter are located under the base.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the increased load on the electric motor and, consequently, the increase in energy consumption due to the structural imperfection of the grinding tool, made in the form of a rectangular plate. Another disadvantage is the reduced degree of electrical safety and overheating of the electric motor during continuous operation of the device.

The problem solved by the claimed device is:

- improving the efficiency of the grain crusher by reducing energy consumption;

- increasing the life of the grain mill by improving its technical characteristics, increasing mechanical strength, degree of electrical safety and reducing overheating of the electric motor.

The technical result achieved during the implementation of the grain crusher is:

- reducing the load on the electric motor due to the implementation of the grinding tool of a new shape and the introduction of cutting edges with a certain angle of grinding;

- increasing the degree of grinding of the grain due to the movement of grain from the nozzle mounted obliquely to the base, towards the movement of the cutting edges of the grinding tool;

- increasing the degree of electrical safety of the grain crusher to the second class and reducing vibration due to the installation of a vibration-resistant gasket on which the electric motor is mounted;

- increase the mechanical strength of the grain crusher by attaching the loading tank and the guide pipe directly to the casing of the electric motor;

- reduction of overheating of the electric motor due to the introduction of a dividing wall mounted inside the casing of the electric motor.

To achieve a technical result in a grain mill containing a loading tank, a casing with an electric motor, on the shaft of which a grinding tool in the form of a plate is fixed, a base, as well as a damper and a working chamber mounted under it with holes on the bottom and side surface, the following is provided according to the invention: it equipped with a guide pipe, a vibration-resistant gasket and a dividing wall mounted inside the casing, on the side wall of which a loading tank is rigidly fixed, etc. a guide pipe connected to it, inclined with respect to the base at an angle of 57-63 °, a vibration-resistant gasket is fixed at the bottom of the base and an electric motor is mounted on it, while the plate of the grinding tool is made with a central hole, on both sides of which the blades are diametrically and symmetrically located with cutting edges with a cutting angle in the range 43-47 °, and their bearing part in shape represents a truncated acute angle equal to 18-22 °.

The grain crusher is equipped with a reflector rigidly fixed under the base. The loading capacity is made, for example, in the form of a bell.

New details: guide pipe, vibration-resistant gasket and dividing wall.

Features of the structural performance of parts, their geometric shape and aspect ratio:

- the grinding tool is made in the form of a plate with a central hole for mounting on an electric motor shaft, on both sides of the hole there are diametrically and symmetrically arranged blades with cutting edges with a cutting angle in the range of 43-47 °, and their bearing part in shape represents a truncated acute angle equal to 18-22 °;

- loading capacity is made in the form of a bell.

New interconnection, mutual arrangement and interaction of parts:

- the electric motor is mounted on a vibration-resistant gasket, which is fixed at the bottom of the base;

- a dividing wall is installed under the casing of the electric motor;

- the guide pipe is connected to the loading capacity and is installed with respect to the base obliquely at an angle within 57-63 °;

- the loading tank and the guide pipe are rigidly attached to the side wall of the casing of the electric motor;

- the reflector is fixed under the base.

The guide pipe ensures smooth coupling of the loading container with the working chamber and creates a directed, inclined grain flow in oncoming movement with the cutting edges of the rotating grinding tool, which increases the degree of grinding of the finished product and the performance of the grain crusher by summing speeds - the speed of the grain flow and the counter speed of the cutting edges rotating grinding tool.

The vibration-resistant gasket, on which the electric motor is mounted, increases the electrical safety of the structure to the second class and reduces vibration from a working electric motor. Reducing vibration, attaching the loading tank and the guide pipe directly to the motor casing increases the mechanical strength of the grain crusher design.

The dividing wall is designed to prevent mixing of air under the motor casing. External cooling air is drawn in by the electric motor through the blinds of the upper part of the compartment, and heated air is discharged through the blinds of the lower part of the compartment. The presence of a partition eliminates the mixing of hot exhaust air with suction cold air, which significantly reduces the heating temperature of the motor windings, and, therefore, improves the temperature regime of the motor as a whole.

The implementation of the grinding tool with tapering blades and a sufficiently wide cutting edge reduces the load on the electric motor, increases the intensity of grain crushing and grain crusher productivity by reducing the area of grain contact with the cutting edges and eliminating the slip zone.

The loading capacity in the form of a bell provides convenience when filling grain for grinding. The damper allows you to dose the feed of grain for processing, thereby regulating the load on the electric motor. The reflector, covering the working capacity, directs the crushed grain into the receiving container.

The inventive device is illustrated by the description and drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device, figure 2 is a front view, figure 3 is a diagram of the interaction of the grinding tool with the grain flow from the window of the guide pipe, figure 4 is a cross section of the grinding tool according to aa, figure 5 - a casing of an electric motor with a dividing wall.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1 - base, 2 - vibration-resistant gasket, 3 - electric motor, 4 - electric motor casing, 5 - loading tank, 6 - guide pipe, 7 - dividing wall, 8 - working chamber, 9 - grinding tool, 10 - shutter, 11 - reflector .

The grain crusher contains a base 1, to which a vibration-resistant gasket 2 is fixed at the bottom, an electric motor 3 is directly mounted directly on it, the shaft of which passes through an opening in the gasket 2. A loading container 5, made in the form of a bell, is attached to the side wall of the motor casing 4. A guide pipe 6 is rigidly attached to the loading container 5, which is also attached to the casing 4 of the electric motor. The pipe 6 is installed in relation to the base 1 with an inclination in the range of 57-63 °. Inside the casing 4 of the electric motor, a dividing wall is fixed 7. The damper 10 is installed under the base 1, it provides, if necessary, overlapping the window of the guide pipe 6 and adjusts the load on the electric motor. The reflector 11 is fixed from below to the base 1.

The work of the grain crusher and its use is as follows. The grain crusher is a compact design that, when used, is installed above the container for collecting crushed grain. In this case, the grain crusher rests on the container with the base 1. The electric motor 3 is connected to the power supply via a cord (not shown in the drawings). The grain crusher has double insulation.

Before starting the work of the grain crusher, the shutter 10 closes the outlet window of the nozzle 6, puts the grain into the loading tank 5, puts the power switch of the electric motor 3 into the working position, and opens the nozzle window by the shutter 10.

The grain enters through the inclined guide pipe 6 into the working chamber 8 towards the cutting edges of the rotating grinding tool 9. As a result of their interaction, the process of grain crushing takes place. Next, the crushed particles of grain through the side openings and in the bottom of the working chamber 8 enter the container for collecting finished products.

To obtain finer grinding, the shutter 10 is opened to a smaller part of the area of the outlet window of the nozzle or the crushed grain is re-passed through the crusher. When crushing oats and corn to ensure flowability, about 15-20% of wheat is added to the mixture.

The grain crusher provides high quality crushed products and has the ability to process various types of grain: wheat, rye, oats, corn, soybeans, peas, etc.

Prototypes of grain crushers with various electric motors were manufactured, the testing of which showed good results.

Compared with analogues and prototype, the grain crusher has improved technical characteristics, reliability and durability during operation.

Information sources

1. RU 64945 U1, B02C 18/06, 2007.07.27.

2. RU 62036 U1, B02C 9/04, 2007.03.27.

3. RU 47260 U1, 7 В02С 18/36, 2005.08.27.

4. RU 68921 U1, B02C 1/06, 2007.12.10.

5. RU 54533 U1, B02C 9/02, 2006.07.10 - prototype.

Claims (3)

1. A grain crusher containing a loading tank, a casing with an electric motor, on the shaft of which a grinding tool in the form of a plate is fixed, a base, as well as a damper and a working chamber installed under it with holes on the bottom and side surface, characterized in that it is equipped with a guide pipe, a vibration-resistant gasket and a dividing wall installed inside the casing, on the side wall of which a loading tank and a guide pipe connected to it, placed obliquely along relative to the base at an angle of 57-63 °, the vibration-resistant gasket is fixed at the bottom of the base and an electric motor is mounted on it, while the plate of the grinding tool is made with a central hole, on both sides of which the blades with a cutting edge and a cutting angle are located diametrically and symmetrically within 43- 47 °, and their bearing part in shape represents a truncated acute angle equal to 18-22 °. 2. The grain crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a reflector rigidly fixed under the base. 3. The grain mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading capacity is made, for example, in the form of a bell.

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