RU2365872C1 - Combined plug - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device relates to drilling-and-blasting in competent formation field and can be used in different fields, using blasting in rocky formation massif. Combined plug contains bulk material 6 and cylinder 1 with channel for conductor of initiating pulse. Cylinder 1 is filled by bulk material and is implemented from plastic with openings 4, uniformly distributed by its sides. In bottom part cylinder 1 allows conical basis with vertex of cone angle from 60° up to 110°. From outer face of cylinder 1 it is installed rubber covering 2. Device diametre is accepted equal to 0.9-0.95D, where D - well bore, m, device's height is accepted not less than 2.5D. Internal diametre 4 is accepted equal to 0.1D. Distance between openings row 4 by vertical line is accepted equal to 0.3D. Channel for conductor of initiating pulse is implemented in the form of longitudinal hollow in cylinder 1.

EFFECT: invention provides design simplification, laboriousness reduction of installation and plug's cost price, and also safety increasing of mining implementation.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling and blasting in strong rocks and can be used in various industries that use blasting in rock massifs of rocks.

A known method of destruction of rocks (RF patent No. 2143096, IPC F42D 1/08, publ. 1999.12.20). The method includes drilling a well, installing detonator fighters connected to a detonating cord (LH), placing an explosive charge in the well, jamming the well and detonating the explosive charge. The difference of the invention is a zigzag or spiral gasket LH in the face. The disadvantages of this device is the high complexity of the installation.

Known combined stemming adopted for the prototype (RF patent No. 2312303, IPC F42D 1/08, publ. 10.12.2007). Combined stemming includes a section above the explosive charge or air gap filled with bulk material. The site with bulk material occupies at least three diameters along the height of the well. Above this section, a metal device is installed, made in the form of a hollow cylinder cut along the axis with a conical extension in the lower part, consisting of at least three parts of the same diameter, which are equipped at the top with pins inserted with the possibility of moving in a horizontal plane into the guide bushings mounted on a bearing ring connected by a spacer pipe to a support ring on the surface of the ledge. And from below, a hollow spacer cone is inserted into the cylinder, connected to a tubular rod having a thread at the upper end under the nut and freely passing through the spacer pipe, while an initiating pulse conductor is passed through the tubular rod. The disadvantages of this device are the design complexity and high complexity of the installation.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design and reduce the complexity of installing the device in the well.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the combined stemming unit containing bulk material, the cylinder with a channel for the initiating pulse conductor, according to the invention, the cylinder is filled with bulk material and made of plastic with holes evenly distributed on its sides, in the lower part the cylinder has a conical base with angle at the top of the cone from 60 ° to 110 °, and a rubber shell is installed on the outside of the cylinder, while the diameter of the device is taken equal to 0.9-0.95D, where D is the diameter of the well, m, height devices accept at least 2.5 D, the diameter of the holes is 0.1 D, the distance between the rows of holes vertically is 0.3 D, and the channel for the conductor of the initiating pulse is made in the form of a longitudinal recess in the cylinder.

The application of the proposed method in comparison with the prototype can simplify the design and reduce the complexity of installing the device in the well.

Combined stemming is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a device, a vertical section, Fig. 2 shows a device, a cross section, where:

1 - cylinder with a conical base and ledges made of plastic;

2 - rubber shell mounted on cylinder 1;

3 - carrying handle;

4 - holes evenly distributed along the side surface of the cylinder;

5 - a longitudinal recess in the cylinder 1 for the conductor of the initiating pulse;

6 - bulk material filling the cylinder 1;

D - well diameter, m

Combined stemming is designed to increase the efficiency of crushing rocks by locking detonation products in the charging cavity until the complete destruction of the surrounding rock. Combined stemming consists of a cylinder 1 with a conical base made of plastic. From the outside, the cylinder 1 has ledges for the possibility of fixing the rubber shell 2. In the upper part of the cylinder 1 there is a handle 3 for carrying. On the lateral surface of the cylinder 1, the holes 4 are evenly distributed in the form of radial rows of holes. In cylinder 1, a longitudinal recess 5 is made for the initiating pulse conductor. Bulk material 6 is placed inside the housing. In the lower part, cylinder 1 has a conical base with an angle at the tip of the cone from 60 ° to 110 °. The above interval corresponds to the angle of repose of most bulk coarse rocks and allows the most efficient use of their bulk properties for locking reaction products. The diameter of the device is taken equal to 0.9-0.95D to account for the possible narrowing of the well due to wear of the drill bit and the creation of a gap for unhindered installation of the device in the well. The height of the device is taken at least 2.5 D to create a sufficient lateral contact area between the shell 2 and the walls of the well. A lower height will not allow to create a sufficient lateral surface of the interaction of the shell 2 and the walls of the well. The diameter of the holes is taken equal to 0.1D to create a sufficient primary area of interaction between the walls of the well and the rubber shell 2 when it increases in volume when exposed to explosion products. A smaller or larger diameter of the holes will not lead to the desired result. The vertical distance between the holes is taken equal to 0.3D to create a sufficient primary area of interaction between the walls of the well and the rubber shell 2, other values will not provide the necessary effect. The channel for the conductor of the initiating pulse is made in the form of a longitudinal recess 5 in the cylinder 1.

The device operates as follows. The wells are charged according to traditional technology and the initiating impulse conductors are installed. Then make the installation of combined stemming in each well with the direction of the conductors of the initiating pulse along the longitudinal recess 5. Then produce the blasting. After detonation of the explosive charge in the charging cavity, the pressure of the detonation products sharply increases to several tens of thousands of atmospheres and a dynamic impact of gases occurs on the conical part of cylinder 1. Due to the impact, the conical part of cylinder 1 is pressed into the inner space of cylinder 1 and exerts powerful pressure on bulk material 6. The bulk material 6 is extruded into the walls of the cylinder 1 and exerts pressure through the holes 4 and the side surface of the rubber shell 2 and through it onto the walls of the well. Due to the very high extrusion forces, the combined stemming in the well is jammed and the detonation products are locked in the charging cavity until the rock is completely destroyed. Due to the fact that the cylinder 1 of the combined stemming is made of plastic with a rubber shell 2 on it, it is completely destroyed by an explosion, which will allow for subsequent work (security, loading, etc.) using traditional technologies. If necessary, manual installation and carrying of the stemming device use the handle 3 for carrying.

The use of combined stemming provides the following advantages:

- simplification of the design of the device;

- reducing the complexity of the installation;

- increasing the safety of mining operations;

- reduction in the cost of stemming.

Claims (1)

Combined stemming, containing bulk material, a cylinder with a channel for the initiating pulse conductor, characterized in that the cylinder is filled with bulk material and made of plastic with holes evenly distributed on its sides, in the lower part the cylinder has a conical base with an angle at the top of the cone from 60 to 110 °, and a rubber shell is installed on the outside of the cylinder, while the diameter of the device is taken to be 0.9-0.95D, where D is the diameter of the well, m, the height of the device is at least 2.5D, the diameter of the hole TIFA is determined to be 0,1D, the distance between the rows of holes is determined to be vertically 0,3D, and the channel for initiating pulse conductor is formed as a longitudinal recess in the cylinder.

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