RU2365819C1 - Method of bladeless strengthening of draw in smoke and vent ducts and device for bladeless strengthening of draw in smoke and vent ducts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat-and-power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to energetics and is directed for excluding at displacement of aggressive and combustion gas, smoke exhausts and ventilating fans, particularly in fire - explosive manufactures. Method of bladeless strengthening of draw of smoke and vent ducts consists in usage for creation of draw of rising streams of its energo-potentials and kinetic energy, for this elementary turbulent convection upflow is created in hopper - cone ensured tangential supplied compressed air, in the middle of turbulent convection upflow there are fed second flanges of removed gas with huge temperature drop. Device for bladeless strengthening of draw of smoke and vent ducts consists of vortex cavity in the bottom part tangential nozzle for supply of compressed air, in top part - on it is installed cone-pocket, intercepting condensate and sludge. Cone-pocket is conjugate to built-up cone, allowing flange for connection to pipe lateral.

EFFECT: invention provides removing of aggressive and combustion gas with hight temperature ensured by vortex turbulent convection upflow, using energy resources of flows itself.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to one of the most energy-intensive industries, such as burning fuel in the interests of technological processes, heating and ventilation. As a result of fuel combustion, significant amounts of heat are emitted into the atmosphere with household, waste gases and exhaust ventilation flows. The temperatures of waste and flue gases are even standardized in the range of 250-400 ° C.

Known methods for enhancing draft in smoke and ventilation ducts use highly energy-intensive, exhaustive fans and fans that are complicated in design and maintenance (Construction Catalog (SK-8). Engineering Equipment of Buildings and Structures. Section 84. Equipment for boiler plants. Smoke exhausters and blowers. Gosstroy USSR VNIIIS M., 1989, p. 126). The creation and strengthening of traction in the known methods is achieved by the creation of vortex and turbulent flows in the smoke and ventilation ducts of the blade devices.

The operation of smoke exhausters and fans in aggressive and high-temperature environments leads to rapid wear of the most loaded blades, unbalancing of the entire mechanism and requires additional costs for restoration. Therefore, the aim of the invention is to find a method of moving aggressive and high-temperature gas flows with bladeless, structurally simplified devices.

As the closest to the task, we can consider hydrodynamic processes taking place inside the air cone, which formed the trunk of the tornado. (Proceedings of Science - Analysis and Hypotheses htth: //www.inauka.ru/analysis/articl 75478. html 02/16/2008 .; Grishaev A.A. Some problems of the physics of cyclones and tornadoes. Institute of Metrology of Time and Space, GP VNIIFTRI. Http : //newfiz.narod/ru/tornado/html, copies attached).

Radar observations can measure the speed of rotation of air inside the tornado cone. A tornado arises in the atmosphere at an altitude of tens of kilometers due to the collision of two cold and warm air currents (clouds). When air masses collide with different potentials, they swirl into vortex flows. Rotating air funnels, descending to the earth's surface, create turbulent ascending vortex flows inside their cavity, which drag various objects into the discharged space inside the funnel-cone. There is an assumption that primary vortex flows at a specific heat capacity of air of 1 kJ / kg · K and a temperature difference of flows of 3 ° K can develop a linear rotation speed due to turbulent energy exchange up to 55 m / s.

But such a multi-kilometer pipe is practically impossible to model in our conditions. The main disadvantage, from the point of view of the objectives of the invention, can be considered that the air flows are found at high altitude, and both flows are involved in the creation of the vortex and its twisting. Therefore, it is practically impossible to precisely follow this model both in terms of energy intensity and scale.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for the formation of a vortex due to tangentially supplied compressed air (see Copyright certificate No. 1021874 A, F23D 13/00, publ. 07.06.1983, Bull. No. 21). The device comprises a cone with a tapering outlet nozzle associated with it and an air tangential nozzle made in a housing with a hemispherical bottom.

The disadvantage of this device is that the air coming from the tangential nozzle swirls in a vertical plane, and the vortex created by it serves to mix gas and air in the internal cavity of the cone before burning, it is impossible to use this device to create and enhance traction.

The invention is aimed at enhancing draft in smoke and ventilation ducts by moving aggressive and high-temperature gas flows, eliminating the use of smoke exhausters and fans, using for this own energy resources and the kinetic energy of the flows themselves.

The result is achieved by the fact that in the method of bladeless amplification of the draft of smoke and ventilation ducts, which consists in using upward vortex flows to create a thrust of energy potential, according to the invention, the primary vortex upward flow is created in the cone funnel due to the tangentially supplied compressed air to the center of the upward vortex flow serves the second flows of transported gases with a large temperature difference.

The result is achieved by the fact that the device of vane-free amplification of the draft of smoke and ventilation ducts is characterized in that it consists of a funnel-cone mounted with its apex on the suction cone and having a tangential pipe for supplying compressed air in its lower part, and a vertex in the upper part of the funnel-cone down the cone-pocket, lowered by one third of the funnel-cone and drowned along its generatrix, on the cone-pocket a prefabricated cone is rigidly fixed, the top of which is made with a flange connecting the device to gas exhaust pipe.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the cone pocket is equipped with a nozzle for collecting condensate and sludge, as well as a tangential nozzle for washing off the sludge.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings. Figure 1 shows the trajectory of the vortex flows created by compressed air I and the second flow of moving gases II, introduced into the center of the rotating vortex. Figure 2 shows a device for bladeless traction and ventilation ducts.

Vortex upward flow create two separate flows in a rigid funnel-cone (figure 1). The primary stream I is created due to the tangentially supplied compressed air under a pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa and giving it a rotational motion - a vortex having an initial rotation speed of 50-80 m / s. The second stream II is transported flue and aggressive gases with a large temperature difference, which are sent to the center of the created primary vortex. In the initial stage, turbulent heat transfer occurs due to hydrostatic pressure: ΔР = gH (ρ _in -ρ _g ).

Warm flux II, having fallen into the turbulence zone of the upward flow of the primary vortex I, having significant temperature differences (ΔТ), participates in turbulent energy exchange and joint swirling of the upward flow, increasing their linear rotational speeds and capturing more and more warm gas flows. These phenomena of energy exchange and the additional work created can be explained according to the first law of thermodynamics:

dq = dh + d (c ^2/2),

where dq is the heat supplied to the working fluid moving with speed c, goes to increase its enthalpy dh and kinetic energy;

d (c ^2/2) = - Vdp - the kinetic energy of the working fluid is a technical paper in this case to increase the speed of rotation of the joint threads.

Figure 2 shows a device for bladeless traction amplification of smoke and ventilation ducts, which consists of a funnel-cone 1, mounted with its top on a suction cone 2. In the lower part of the funnel-cone 1 there is a tangential nozzle 3 for supplying compressed air. A cone 4 with a base larger than the base of the funnel-cone 1 is planted on top of the funnel-cone 1, with the base larger than the base of the funnel-cone 1. Cone 4 is lowered by one third of the funnel-cone 1, creating a pocket muffled along the generatrix of the funnel-cone 1. A prefabricated is mounted on the cone-pocket 4 cone 5 of equal diameter at the base of the cone-pocket 4. The top of the collection cone 5 ends with a flange 6 for connection with a gas outlet pipe. The cone pocket 4 is equipped with a nozzle 7 for discharging condensate and sludge, a tangential nozzle 8 for flushing the sludge, an inspection window 9.

The method is as follows. Compressed air with a pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa is supplied to the funnel-cone 1 through the tangential pipe 3, and a primary ascending vortex flow I is created with initial rotation speeds of 50-80 m / s. The second flow of corrosive gases II is fed into the created upward flow I through the suction cone 2 to the center of the upward vortex flow I with a large temperature difference (ΔТ). Met flows I and II due to turbulent energy exchange swirl the vortex. The rotation speeds of the resulting vortex increase significantly, new masses of moving gases are carried away to the center of the vortex. The energy exchange between the flows changes the dew point of the overall flow, which can lead to condensation. Due to the centrifugal forces of the vortex, condensate and heavy dust particles settle in the lower part of the cone-pocket 4 and are subsequently discharged through the nozzle 7 or washed off with water supplied through the tangential nozzle 8. The rotating joint flow I and II through the collecting cone 5 is sent to the exhaust pipe, attached to the flange 6.

The proposed method and device for bladeless traction of smoke and ventilation ducts will allow the movement of aggressive and flue gases with high temperature due to vortex ascending turbulent flows, using the energy resources of the flows themselves and their kinetic energy without the use of energy-intensive, structurally complex and servicing smoke exhausters and fans.

Claims (3)

1. The way of vane-free amplification of the draft of smoke and ventilation ducts, which consists in using the energy potential of the vortex upflows to create thrust, characterized in that the primary vortex upward flow is created in the funnel-cone due to the tangentially supplied compressed air, the second ones are fed into the center of the upward vortex flow flows of transported gases with a large temperature difference. 2. The device of vane-free amplification of the draft of smoke and ventilation ducts, characterized in that it consists of a funnel-cone mounted with its apex on the suction cone and having a tangential nozzle for supplying compressed air in its lower part; a cone is installed in the upper part of the vortex funnel-cone a pocket with its top down, lowered by one third of the vortex funnel-cone and drowned along its generatrix, a collection cone is rigidly fixed on the cone-pocket, the apex of which is made with a flange connecting the device to the gas outlet with a pipe. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cone pocket is equipped with a nozzle for collecting condensate and sludge, as well as a tangential nozzle for washing off the sludge.

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