RU2363238C1 - Method of receiving of milky-vegetable fodder additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: method of milk-vegetable fodder additive receiving includes mixing of fresh lactoserums, oilcakes of pumpkin cultures, common salt, powdery bischofite at correlation 1:4.0-4.5:0.06:0.12. ^ EFFECT: reduction of power inputs, improvement of additive. ^ 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, and specifically to methods for producing feed additives for use in diets of farm animals.

The problem of providing animals with feed is relevant. Of considerable interest is the use in the diets of by-products of the processing of agricultural raw materials, in particular the processing of milk and plant materials.

A significant part of the by-product of milk processing - whey is not used, but is discharged into the sewer or into water bodies, which worsens the environmental situation, leads to an anthropogenic load on treatment plants and the environment. At the same time, whey contains easily digestible components - proteins, carbohydrates (lactose), mineral salts, etc.

By chemical composition, cheese and curd whey contain on average (wt.%) Solids 6-6.5, lactose 4.2-4.5, protein substances 0.6-0.8, mineral salts 0.5-0 , 6, as well as vitamins A, E, group B and others [1].

Whey due to high humidity and the possibility of spoilage should be fed to livestock for 12 hours [2].

Within 2 days without special treatment, the nutritional value of serum is reduced: the lactose content is reduced by 40%, protein - by 14%, solids - by 10%. Effective ways to use whey in dry and condensed form. However, such methods are associated with significant costs for equipment and energy [2].

The use of liquid whey is impractical, since the absorption of the main nutrients from whey reaches only 20% [3, p.205].

There is experience using condensed milk whey in the form of a protein-carbohydrate concentrate. For example, this concentrate is recommended for the preparation of a feed mixture for the cultivation of dairy calves. The mixture includes whey, pea and oat flour, fodder yeast, fish oil, salt and other components. The concentrate is quite complicated in composition and preparation. Feeding the mixture to young cattle increases the daily increase in live weight by 25-30%.

A method for producing a feed concentrate (mixture) from whey under the name "Xona" is described. The technical process includes the introduction of urea in the acidified milk whey in an amount of 28% of the dry matter mass, thickening the mixture in a vacuum apparatus to the required concentration, cooling, sulfur enrichment (in the form of sodium sulfate) and, if necessary, deoxidation. 5.7 and 8.9 tons of serum, 88 and 137 kg of urea, 37 and 57 kg of sodium sulfate are consumed per ton of product with a mass fraction of 40-60% of dry matter [3, p.194].

The finished product contains 8.8 and 13.7% urea, 3.7 and 5.7% sodium sulfate, respectively, and is a syrupy or thick paste-like mass. The acidity of the product is 350 and 600 ° T, respectively. The product contains up to 25% crude protein, up to 15-20% lactose, up to 0.6% calcium, phosphorus, sulfur. Due to the high humidity, its storage time is short. The concentrate is intended for the feed industry, feeding ruminants on farms and silage feed. When feeding “Xona” to cattle in the experimental farm, the additional increase in live weight was 220 kg per 1 ton of product. The source claims that the direction of the chemical enrichment of whey with nitrogen has a certain perspective.

The disadvantages of the method: the complexity of the technology, including the use of a vacuum evaporator for thickening, significant energy consumption for thickening the mixture, relatively low quality due to the limited ability to enrich the mixture with nitrogen (urea, not proteins), high acidity of the mixture and the possibility of acidosis when feeding it .

The purpose of the invention is the simplification of technology, reducing energy consumption, improving the quality of the finished product.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the feed additive is obtained by mixing fresh pasteurized whey with crushed pumpkin meal (humidity not more than 8% and particle size up to 2 mm), sodium chloride (in powder form) and bischofite powder in a mass ratio of 1: 4, 0-4.5: 0.06: 0.12. Addition of each next component follows after even distribution of the previous one. The cakes from pumpkin seed seed processing enrich the supplement with protein, vegetable oil, fiber, minerals, vitamins, etc. These cakes contain a significant amount of essential amino acids in the protein, especially lysine, the lack of which is felt in plant foods. Salt is a flavoring component that helps feed eaters. Bischofite allows enriching a feed additive with a valuable element of magnesium, which contributes to the normalization of metabolism. It was found that magnesium in a mixture with vitamin B ₆ has a sedative effect. The use of cake of pumpkin crops is also due to the absence of harmful anti-nutritional substances in their composition, characteristic of other cake (mustard, flax cake, etc.). Magnesium chloride and salt also contribute to the inhibition of the development of harmful microflora (mold, yeast cells, etc.). These components are individually used in animal feeding diets, the use of the proposed additives in the available literature is not described.

We experimentally proved the compatibility of the proposed components and the high quality of the additive. The composition of cottage cheese whey, wt.%: Protein 0.6-0.8, lactose 4.2-4.5, ash 0.5-0.7, fat 0.05-0.1. The content of the main biologically active substances in the cake, wt.%: Protein 20-32, fat 8-19, fiber 20-35, moisture 3-8, ash 4-6, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements, for example, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamins E up to 36 mg%, PP up to 10 mg%, group B up to 14 mg%. The trace element selenium (from 1.3 to 3 mg / kg) has an antioxidant effect, especially in combination with vitamin E, is a factor in protecting the body from a number of diseases. Oilcakes contain essential amino acids, including lysine from 0.6 to 3.28% for absolutely dry protein substance. Powdered bischofite locally produced contains at least 54% magnesium chloride and is produced according to TU 2152-070-10514645-01. The moisture content of the additive should not exceed 22%, and the pH of the aqueous extract is not less than 4.5.

Example 1. Preparation of a dairy-vegetable feed additive. In the tank load sequentially 7.8 wt.h. fresh pasteurized whey with an acidity of 57 ° T, 35.2 wt.h. crushed watermelon cake, 0.5 wt.h. table salt (powder) and 1 wt.h. bischofite powder, mixed to a homogeneous mass, get 44.5 wt.h. product, it is packaged in containers and used for its intended purpose. The mass ratio of serum: oilcake: table salt: bischofite 1: 4,5: 0,06: 0,12. The composition of the finished product, wt.%: Moisture 21.0, protein 15.0, fiber 29.7, fat 4.2, pH of the aqueous extract of 4.8. The finished product - a loose mass of greenish color can be stored at room temperature without damage for at least 20 days. The quality of the product during storage practically does not change, no signs of mold were found.

Example 2. According to example 1, in the tank load of 7.8 wt.h. freshly pasteurized whey, 31.2 wt.h. crushed melon meal, 0.5 wt.h. salt and 1 wt.h. bischofite powder, mixed to a homogeneous mass, get 40.5 wt.h. product that is packaged in containers and used for its intended purpose. The mass ratio of serum: oilcake: table salt: bischofite 1: 4.0: 0.06: 0.12.

The composition of the finished product, wt.%: Moisture 22.0, protein 20.0, fiber 19.0, fat 7.0, pH of the aqueous extract 4.7. Finished product - the mass of yellow-green color can be stored without damage for at least 15 days. The quality of the product during storage practically does not change, no signs of mold were found.

When checking the preparation of the additive using whey, oilcake, table salt, bischofite in the ratio 1: 2: 0.03: 0.06, a product with a moisture content of 37.6% was obtained, which after storage for 3 days had 30% of the mass with mold. An increase in the mass fraction of serum leads to an increase in humidity and a decrease in shelf life, while an increase in the mass fraction of salt and bischofite is impractical due to the rationing of their doses in diets.

Information sources

1. Alimov T.K. Feed concentrates based on dairy raw materials // Zootechny, 1994, No. 1, p.10.

2. Foreign practice // Compound feed, 1992, No. 5, p.31.

3. Khramtsov A.G. Whey - 2 ed., Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1990, 240 pp.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a milk-vegetable feed additive, comprising mixing fresh milk whey, nitrogen-containing and mineral components, characterized in that pumpkin-seed meal is used as the nitrogen-containing component, and table salt and bischofite are powdered as mineral components in the following ratio 1: 4.0- 4.5: 0.06: 0.12.