RU2362967C1 - Installation for hydro-cavitation munition disassembling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting works.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to demilitarisation and recycling artillery shells. The installation contains a closed loop for circulating working water with washing instruments for destroying explosive charge in shells using cavitating streams, connected to a line for recycling explosive material to an end product, and a conveyor line for delivering a case with demilitarised munitions to a cabin with a vertical washing assembly with fixed vertical washing instruments on the number of washed shells in form of working poles with sets of nozzles, directed upwards, and movable on the vertical and two-dimensionally in the horizontal plane by movement of the shell with an open mouth downwards with free passage of the set of nozzles into the mouth and inside the shell so as to remove filling material. The tail of the shell is fixed in the case. A fixed mounting seat of the case is on the frame of the washing assembly, joined to the mechanism of vertical movement and two-dimensional movement of the case in the horizontal plane, which give cyclic closed trajectories of the cavitating streams from the set of nozzles on the surface of the filling material removed from the shell. The washing assembly is provided with a water level regulator and a bottom, inclined to a mass-removal receiver.

EFFECT: increased output and safety of the process.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of disposal of military equipment and ammunition, namely to the unloading and disposal of artillery shells with explosive filling.

Known devices for extracting energy materials from shells by mechanical grinding, for example using a cutting tool and a softening explosive fluid. However, this does not guarantee the preservation of the original explosive and can be explosive. Devices for melting explosives using a working medium with a temperature of 80-130 ° C are proposed. Along with exposure to only a heated medium, a mechanical effect is applied to the surface of an explosive jet of high-pressure heated water from a rotating nozzle [1-3]. The demilitarization is also carried out by burning explosives, which, in addition to the loss of a valuable product, requires significant costs for the neutralization of gaseous emissions.

For recycling hexal (65% hexogen, 30% aluminum powder and 4% polyurethane binder) used in Swiss anti-aircraft artillery shells, the problem of safe, environmentally friendly and cost-effective removal of hexal from shells has been solved. An industrial installation was created with which hexal can be extracted within one minute from four 35 mm shells by first mechanically drilling a channel in an explosive charge along the diameter of a neck with water cooling, and then using a high-pressure water jet to wash out residual explosives from the walls cases in undercut [4].

There are certain restrictions on the use of plants with two-stage cleaning of the housings: mechanical drilling of explosives is possible, but the process has a high risk of accidental explosion. The number of revolutions per minute, the feed rate and the cooling system, as well as the controls must be calculated and certified very carefully. The specific parameters depend on the hardness of the hexal, the diameter of the drill and the type of drill used. The calculation of the drill plays a crucial role. Shear stresses and maximum forces should be minimized.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that in shells after prolonged storage under uncontrolled conditions, various transformations in equipment are possible, increasing its sensitivity in a random way.

The closest in technical essence and adopted for the prototype is the installation of hydro-cavitation munition ordnance, for example artillery shells, with a closed loop of working water circulation, including a high-pressure water pump connected in series, a washing tool with a working rod and nozzle block, mounted together and in a movable rotational and translational degrees of freedom of interconnection on the slipway with the discharged projectile, a sump at the outlet of the mass removal receiver, a separator the solid phase, filters, thermostatic devices and a water tank, movable with rotational and translational degrees of freedom, the interaction of the washing tool with the discharged projectile is made on a horizontal slipway with a fixed seat for a cartridge with one or more shells included in a step conveyor line with explosion-proof workplaces loading shells into cassettes and unloading the washed shells of shells. The cartridge contains means of landing on the slipway, centering and rotation of the shells after being fixed on the landing site of the slipway, the washing tools on the slipway according to the number of shells in the cartridge have working rods collinear and eccentric with respect to the axis of the shells, nozzle blocks of which are facing the throats of the shells through spring-loaded freely rotating receiving funnels for the mass discharge of the ground explosives with the exits of their tubes through the seal assemblies to the receivers of the mass removal, the receivers of the mass removal are fixed on the slipway and equipped means of creating and maintaining pressure below atmospheric in the internal cavity with valves at the outlet, the receiving funnels are equipped with drives centered on the shells with reciprocating motion, creating in the final front position the forces of the sealing surfaces of the funnels to the lively parts of the shells due to the compression of the springs of the funnels [5].

A disadvantage of the known installation is the difficulty of combining the washing unit with shells using funnel mass removal while ensuring the rotation of the shells, which limits performance and reliability. Mass drain funnels undergo rapid wear and tear, which makes operation more expensive.

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to simplify the interaction between the projectile in the cartridge and the washing unit during the operations of combining, washing and removing cartridges with shells while ensuring all conditions of high-performance washing of explosive filling, including maintaining a given distance between the nozzle block and the surface of the material being destroyed and circular traverse cavitating jet on the surface of destructible material.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the installation of hydro-cavitation ordnance munitions, for example, artillery shells with explosive filling, with a closed loop of working water circulation, including a high pressure water pump connected in series, at least one flushing tool with a working rod and nozzle block, mounted together and in a mobile relationship on the washing unit with a discharged projectile, a sump at the outlet of the mass removal receiver, a solid separator The phases, filters, thermostatic devices and a water tank, the movable relationship of the washing tool with the discharged shell is made on the washing unit with a fixed seat for the cartridge with one or more shells included in the step conveyor line with workstations for loading shells into cassettes and unloading the washed shell shells, the cartridge contains means of landing on the washing unit and centering the shells after fixing on the seat, movable with three translational degrees of freedom The relationship of the washing tool with each discharged shell is made in a vertical water-washing unit with a fixed vertical working rod and a nozzle block directed upward and vertically movable and two-dimensional in the horizontal plane by moving each shell in the cartridge with the open neck downward with the nozzle block freely entering the neck and cavity of the projectile as the filling is removed, the tail of each projectile is fixed in the cartridge, a fixed seat of the cartridge p located in the carriage of the washing unit connected to the vertical feeding mechanisms and two-dimensional cyclic movements of the cartridge in the horizontal plane, giving cyclic closed trajectories of cavitation jets from the nozzle block along the surface of the removed filling of the discharged projectile, the washing unit is equipped with a water level regulator and an inclined bottom with an outlet in the lower parts to the receiver of mass removal. The mechanism of two-dimensional movements of the cartridge in the horizontal plane is made according to the kinematic diagram of the articulated parallelogram.

A comparative analysis of the essential features of the prototype and the proposed device shows that the distinguishing features of the proposal are those in accordance with which

- the movable relationship of the washing tool with the discharged projectile is made with three translational degrees of freedom in a vertical washing unit filled with water;

- working rods are stationary and directed by nozzles vertically upwards;

- leachable shells fixedly mounted in the cassette with the mouth down;

- the seat of the cartridge is located in the carriage of the washing unit;

- the carriage of the washing unit is connected to the vertical feed mechanisms and two-dimensional cyclic movements of the cartridge in the horizontal plane

The essence of the present invention will be better understood from a consideration of the drawings, where

figure 1 shows the General scheme of the installation and the place in it of the washing unit;

figure 2 is a side view of the scheme of the washing unit and the vertical feed mechanism of the cartridge;

figure 3 explains the principle of obtaining trajectories of vertical cavitating jets on the surface of the leachable filling during cyclic two-dimensional movement of the projectile in the horizontal plane;

figure 4 is a top view of the mechanism of two-dimensional cyclic movements of the cartridge with shells relative to the fixed working rods in the bath of the washing unit;

5 depicts an example of a sliding pair of the mechanism of two-dimensional cyclic movements of the cartridge with one shell shown with respect to a fixed working rod and the following description of an example embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the installation of the demilitarization of ammunition to obtain crumbs of explosives. The installation is located in an armored car 1 with walls designed for overpressure of all the shells in the cassette at the same time, and the technological room 2. In one of the transverse partitions of the box there are two openings for the passage of the carrier conveyor belt 3 with cassettes 4 with shells fixed on it 5. By on the periphery of the conveyor belt there are working places for loading and unloading shells 6. In the cab 1 there is a washing unit 7. The washing unit contains washing tools 8 according to the number of shells in the cartridge 4, connected to lecturer 9 high-pressure water inlet. The washing tools 8, fixed in one row with the nozzles up, are placed in a bath 10 filled with water. Nozzles are located at the same height. The water level in the bath is higher than the nozzle height. The upper part of the bath is open to receive the cartridge 4 with shells 5 and install it on a seat in the carriage 11 of the washing unit. The bath has an inclined bottom connected at the bottom through a shutter (not shown) to the receiver 12 and then a pipe with sumps 13 located outside the cab 1. On the sides of the bath 10 there are a vertical feed mechanism 14 and a mechanism for cyclic two-dimensional movements of the projectile 15 Sumps 13 pipelines connected to solid phase separators 16, for example vacuum filters. In addition to the washing tools 8, sumps 13, separators 16, the fine filter 17, thermostat 18, the water tank 19 and the high pressure pump 20 are also connected in series to the working water circuit. The line for removing the solid phase from the separators 16 preferably contains a periodic vacuum filter actions with a tipping bowl and a sack conveyor 21 before feeding the solid phase into the transport container of the resulting product (not shown).

Figure 2 presents the scheme of the washing unit 7 side view and the vertical feed mechanism 14 of the cartridge 4 with a fixed projectile 5 with the neck down over the nozzle block of the working rod 8. The diameter of the nozzle block of the working rod 8 is less than the diameter of the passage section of the neck of the projectile 5 for free entry of the working rod into the cavity of the projectile during leaching. The vertical feed mechanism 14 includes vertical power hydraulic cylinders 22 on one side of the bath, and rotary hydraulic cylinders 23 on the other side of the bath. The vertical power hydraulic cylinders 22 are connected to the carrier platform 24 for the carriage 11. The rods of the rotary power cylinders 23 are connected to the restrictive platform 25 of the carriage. In the working position, the carrier and the restrictive platform of the carriage are rigidly fastened to each other using remotely controlled locks (not shown) at the corners of the carrier platform 24, indicated by A, B, C, G. Cassette 4 is fixed in the carriage 11 using remotely controlled locks (not shown). The carriage 11 is made in the form of a box with a longitudinal slot at the bottom for the front parts of the shells 5 to exit into the bath 10. The side walls of the carriage end on top with a flange 26 with elongated circuit boards 27 of the drive of cyclic two-dimensional movement at the ends. The height of the side walls of the carriage box determines the depth of entry of the nozzle block of the working rod 8 into the neck and the cavity of the projectile 5. The lower surface of the flange 26 rests on the supporting platform 24 in an area of at least 2a wide along the perimeter of the cutout in the supporting platform, where a is the radius of the crank mechanism of two-dimensional cyclic displacements 15.

Figure 3 explains the principle of obtaining circular trajectories of vertical cavitating jets on the surface of the leachable filling with cyclic two-dimensional movement of the projectile in the horizontal plane.

The carriage 11 with the cartridge 4 for one projectile 5 is equipped with crank pairs combined into a hinged parallelogram of the mechanism of cyclic two-dimensional movements 15. A feature of the hinged parallelogram consisting of two cranks and one connecting rod, the role of which is played by the carriage, is that for a ₁ = a ₂ = a and b ₁ = b ₂ , where a is the radius of the crank, b ₁ is the distance between the axes of rotation of the cranks, b ₂ is the length of the connecting rod, a point anywhere in the plane of the carriage will move in a circle with a radius equal to the radius of the crank . The carriage 11 with the cartridge 4 in the initial position without connecting the crank, when a = 0, is represented by a plane with one projectile shown as the circumference of the bottom, and two cranks, the axis of rotation of which are located on a straight line with the center of the bottom of the projectile. The center of the projectile coincides with the axis of the nozzle. When the crank is connected, the center of the projectile immediately moves to one of the positions determined by the angular position of the crank, for example I. This position corresponds to the displacement of the carriage and cassette to the leftmost position. The center of the projectile will shift from the initial position to the left by the value of the radius of rotation of the crank to position I ', and the epicenter of the nozzle on the plane of the cartridge will shift to the right by the value of the radius of rotation, so that the total distance from the center of the projectile to the position of the epicenter of the nozzle will be 2a. Turning the crank 90 ° to position II will cause the center of the projectile to shift to position II 'and the center of the nozzle will go down while maintaining the total distance from the center of the projectile to the center of the nozzle, equal to 2a. Thus, the displacement of the center of the projectile in the plane of the carriage will occur around a circle with a radius equal to "a", the center of which coincides with the center of the jet, and traverse along the bottom of the projectile of the center of the stream will occur around a circle with a radius of 2a. For example, for a projectile with a caliber of 30 mm and a diameter of the passage section of the neck 15 mm, the maximum permissible traverse radius will be 7 mm, and hence the radius of rotation of the crank will be 3-3.5 mm.

A rectangular carriage of dimensions c × d with travel amplitudes “a” will move in the described area (c + 2a) × (d + 2a). This determines the allowable cutout size in the supporting platform 24. The width of the flange 26 of the carriage 11, equal to 2a or more, excludes carriage loss.

The restriction platform 25 is provided with means for capturing and installing the cartridge into the carriage 11 (not shown), as well as means for extracting the cartridge from the carriage and loading it onto a conveyor belt section (not shown).

Figure 4 and figure 5 shows a diagram of the mechanism of two-dimensional cyclic movements in the horizontal plane 15 of the carriage 11 with the cassette 4, which contains two cranks 28 on the sides of the bath 10 of the washing unit, each of which is placed in the space between the elongated drive boards 27 and the restrictive platform 25. Using the sliding shafts 29, the cranks 28 are connected to a single synchronizing transmission shaft (not shown), driven by a motor with a gearbox and a speed controller (not shown). The carrier platform 24 is connected to the rods of the power hydraulic cylinders 22 using brackets 30.

When the installation of hydrocavitational demilitarization of ammunition with obtaining crumbs of explosives, shells 5 are fixed in the cassette 4 for the tail part at the loading workplace 6, where corks with pre-prepared shells are brought. The loaded cassette is conveyed along the conveyor belt to the washing unit 7 and, using the gripping devices and installing the restrictive platform, take it to the side of the rotary hydraulic cylinders and further raise the restrictive platform 25, are placed downward on the carriage 11 seat. The cassette is fixed using remotely controlled locks (not shown). The rods of the hydraulic cylinders 22 and 23 are in the upper position. At the same time, the depth of the necks of the shells in the bath water is at least 50 mm. The nozzle block of the working rod 8 in the initial state is at a distance of (20-30) d, where d is the diameter of the nozzle from the inlet section of the neck of the projectile. After locking the carrier platform 24 and the bounding platform 25 with locks, the mechanism of cyclic two-dimensional movements in the horizontal plane is activated, while the flange of the carriage 11 with the cartridge slides along the carrier platform 24 outside the cutout for the carriage with shells to extend downwards, making cyclic two-dimensional movements. Turn on the supply of high pressure water from the pump 20 through the manifold 9 to the working rods with nozzle blocks 8. Cavitating jets from nozzle blocks through the necks of shells flow onto the surface of the explosive filling and destroy it. The restrictive platform 25 prevents the lifting of the carriage 11 with the cartridge 4 under the influence of the dynamic pressure of the jets of fluid flowing out of the nozzle blocks 8. Separated fragments of explosive material under the influence of gravity and the flow of waste water exit the cavities of the shells and sink to the bottom of the bath 10. Traverse the jet over the surface explosive filling due to cyclic two-dimensional movements of the cartridge and each projectile intensifies the destruction of the monolith of explosive filling and increases the completeness of removal. Using synchronously operating hydraulic power cylinders 22 and 23 of the vertical feed mechanism 14, the cartridges 4 with shells 5 are moved down with the nozzle blocks and working rods 8 entering the shell cavity to maintain the optimal distance between the fixed nozzle blocks and the explosive filling surfaces in the shells. To destroy explosive filling, the operating traverse speed of the jet is 5-20 mm / s, depending on the type of explosive filling. Hence, the rotation speeds of the cranks 28 will be in the range of 1-15 rpm depending on the specified radius of the traverse of the jet or the radius of the crank. At such low speeds, dynamic loads from a massive cartridge with shells will not cause rapid wear of the crank mechanism.

The explosive material accumulated in the lower part of the inclined bottom of the bath 10 in the form of crumbs suspended in water through the damper and the mass removal receiver is sent to the settling tanks 13, where it is separated from the water, and in the form of condensed slurry is fed to the separators 16, for example, into vacuum filters, and then finally they are dried in periodic batch vacuum filters with a tipping bowl and on a sack conveyor 21. Working water from the settling tanks 13 and separators 16 through the fine filter unit 17 and the thermostat 13 is sent to the water tank 19 to power the pump Exposure to extreme pressure 20.

The mass discharge valve is designed to allow only part of the total flow rate of water entering through the nozzle blocks of the working rods to the bath, mainly with crushed explosive material suspended in water. The rest of the water is removed using a liquid level regulator in a bathtub such as an overflow pipe. This water is already partially clarified and can enter the fine clarifier 13b, thereby reducing the volume of the primary clarifier 13a.

The kinematic pair of sliding "carrier platform 24 - flange 26 of the carriage" can be replaced by a hydrodynamic suspension of the flange 26, group ball bearings and other known devices that reduce friction.

Using a scheme for flushing explosive filling from shells with an open mouth pointing downward using cavitating jets pointing upward instead of the applied schemes with horizontal or inclined orientation of the jets allows you to:

- to improve the conditions for removal from the cavity of the shell of the products of the destruction of explosive filling in the form of crumbs and fragments;

- to eliminate the wear-out mechanisms of compaction of the necks of shells in the paths of the removal of the products of destruction into the settling tanks and thereby increase the reliability of operation and reduce the cost of operation;

- to simplify the simultaneous leaching of groups of shells with an increase due to this installation performance;

- reduce the volume of water purification apparatus from suspended explosive material due to preliminary separation in the volume of the bath;

- to exclude the use of flexible high-pressure hoses with a limited service life due to the use of fixed working rods.

Other options for the installation include the use of electric power drives instead of power hydraulic cylinders, dividing the bath into sections to reduce the hydroacoustic interference of adjacent cavitating jets, introducing devices to remove foam from the surface of the water in the bath.

Information sources

1. RU 2064659, 1996 (Shcheblykin I.N. et al.).

2. RU 2100771, 1997 (Kuprinenok V.M. et al.).

3. DE 4010757, 1991 (Rheinmetall GmbH).

4. Brogle R. et al. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2000, V.25, No. 2, 153-157.

5. RU 2310156, 2007 (Meleshko V.Yu. et al.).

Claims (2)

1. Installation of hydrocavitational munition discharge of ammunition with a closed loop of working water circulation, including a series-connected high-pressure water pump, at least one flushing tool with a working rod and nozzle block, mounted on the washing unit together and in a movable relationship with a discharged shell, an outlet sump from the receiver of the mass removal, the separator of the solid phase, filters, thermostatic devices and a water tank, while the washing unit is made with a fixed landing a place for a cartridge with one or more shells included in the stepper conveyor line with workstations for loading shells into cassettes and unloading the washed shells of the shells, the cartridge contains means for landing on the washing unit and for centering the shells after fixing on the seat, characterized in that the relationship of the washout tool with each discharged shell made with three translational degrees of freedom in a water-filled vertical leaching unit with a fixed vertical working rod and a nozzle block directed upwards and moving vertically and two-dimensionally in the horizontal plane with each open shell downward with each nozzle block freely entering the neck and cavity of the projectile as filling is removed, the tail of each projectile is fixed in the cartridge, fixed seat cassettes are located in the carriage of the washing unit, connected to the mechanisms of vertical feeding and two-dimensional movements of the cassette in the horizontal plane, creating a cyclic closed e trajectory cavitating jets of the nozzle unit on the surface of the explosive filling rassnaryazhaemogo removed projectile vymyvnoy unit is provided with a water level controller and a sloping bottom with access to the bottom of the receiver massootvoda. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism of two-dimensional movements of the cartridge in the horizontal plane is made according to the kinematic diagram of the articulated parallelogram.

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