RU2360114C1 - Procedure for development of thick steeply-dipping deposits of unstable ore - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: procedure for development consists in excavating layers with primary stopes mined in ore massif and with undercutting stopes driven in direct vicinity from filling mass and in supporting stopes with framed support. When driving the primary stope, there are assembled frames of the support consisting of a roof beam and two props. At driving undercutting stopes there are assembled frames of the support, each consisting of the roof beam and one prop located from the side of ore massif; the second end of the roof beam of the support of the undercutting stopes rests on filling mass. Before filling the undercutting stope driven from one of sides of filling mass formed in the primary stope, nearest to it props of the support of the primary stope are removed. Before filling the undercutting stope driven from another side of filling massif formed in the primary stope the roof beams and the second props of the support of the primary stope are removed. When there are used the roof beams of rectangular shape, width of the undercutting stopes is accepted below width of the primary stopes at a value equal to length of the section of the roof beam of the support of the undercutting stope resting on filling mass. While supporting stopes of rectangular or trapezoid shape with the framed support, there are used metal props consisting of two elements connected with a wedge-shaped lock.

EFFECT: preventing dangerous failures of host rock and reducing costs for stopes support.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in underground mining of powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable ores in layers with the laying of the developed space by hardening mixtures.

A known method of developing steeply falling ore deposits (M.N. Tsigalov. Underground mining with a high degree of ore extraction. - M .: Nedra, 1985, p.223), including the separation of the ore body into layers, sequentially worked out in an ascending order with the laying of the worked out space hardening materials.

The disadvantages of this method are the increased danger of mining associated with the collapse of the roof rocks in places of treatment, and the significant cost of securing the workings when mining powerful steeply falling deposits represented by unstable ores. These shortcomings are associated with repeated underworking of the ore mass and a decrease in its stability.

There is a method of developing steeply falling ore deposits (V.P. Zubov, A.A. Antonov. The concept of mining the Yakovlevsky iron ore deposit in the areas of rich iron ore. Notes of the Mining Institute. T.168, St. Petersburg, 2006, p.203-210) , including the separation of the ore body into layers, sequentially worked out in a descending order with the laying of the worked out space with hardening materials, the excavation of the layers with primary penetrations, passed in the ore mass, and notch penetrations, passed in the immediate vicinity of the filling th array.

The disadvantage of this method when developing powerful steeply dipping deposits represented by unstable ores is the increased risk of mining associated with the collapse of the rocks of the roof and sides in the openings.

A known method of developing steeply falling ore bodies (RF Patent No. 2209972, publ. 08/10/2003, Е21С 41/22). This method includes the separation of the ore body into layers, sequentially worked out in a descending order, excavation of the layers with fillings and laying of the worked out space with hardening materials.

The disadvantage of this method when developing powerful steeply dipping deposits represented by unstable ores is the increased risk of mining associated with the collapse of the roof rocks and sides of treatment openings.

There is a method of developing steeply falling ore deposits (NI Chesnokov, A. A. Petrosov, B. F. Shevchenko. Uranium deposits development system with a hardening tab. Atomizdat, 1975, p.142-144), adopted as a prototype. This method includes dividing the ore body into layers, worked out sequentially in descending order with the laying of the worked-out space with hardening materials, excavating the layers with primary penetrations, passed in the ore mass, and penetrations, passed in the immediate vicinity of the filling array (crosscutting penetrations), fixing the inserts with frame support .

The disadvantages of this method when developing powerful steeply dipping deposits with unstable easily collapsing ores are the increased danger of mining and significant costs for fixing the entry frame support.

The technical result of the proposed method is to prevent dangerous collapse of the enclosing rocks and reduce the cost of securing the entry when mining powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable, easily collapsing ores.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of developing powerful steeply falling deposits of unstable ores involves dividing the ore body into layers worked out in descending order with the laying of the worked out space with hardening materials, excavating the layers with primary openings, passed in the ore mass, and notch openings, passed in the immediate vicinity of stowage array, fastening of fittings with frame support.

According to the invention, during the initial sinking, the roof supports are made up of an upper and two racks; during the sinking of the entry sights, the roof supports are installed, each of which consists of the upper and one rack located on the side of the ore mass, the second end of the upper support is supported by the backings array, before the tab of the entry sunset passed from one of the sides of the filling array created in the primary entry, the racks of the support of the primary entry, closest to it, are removed to the tab of the subsection On the other side, passable on the other side of the backfill array created in the primary entry, the upper and second racks of the primary entry support are removed.

When using upper frames, which have a rectilinear shape, the width of the notches is taken to be less than the width of the primary entries by an amount equal to the length of the upper section of the lining of the insertion supported by the filling array.

When fixing the tabs with a rectangular or trapezoidal frame support, metal racks consisting of two elements connected by a wedge lock are used.

The proposed method for the development of powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable ores is illustrated by the circuit diagrams shown in figures 1-4.

Figure 1-4: 1 - ore mass; 2 - filling array; 3 - initial entry; 4, 5, 6 - near-landing approaches; 7, 10, 12, 13 - the tops of the frame lining; 8, 9 - racks of frame support of the primary entry 3; 11, 14, 15 - racks of the frame lining of the overhanging castings 4, 5 and 6, located on the side of the ore massif; h is the power of the processed layer; a ₁ is the width of the primary entry; and ₂ is the width of the landing pin, and c is the length of the upper section of the lining of the landing strip, based on the filling array.

Schematic diagrams in figure 1-3 illustrate the various stages of the implementation of the proposed method for developing powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable ores:

figure 1 passed the initial entry 3 width a ₁ ;

figure 2 made the tab of the primary entry 3 hardening materials, passed the pass-through entry 4 of width a ₂ , the rack 9 of the frame support of the primary entry 3 was removed;

figure 3 made the tabulation prikaznogo entry 4 hardening materials, passed prikaznye entry 5 and 6, removed the rack 8 and the upper shaft 7 of the primary sunset 3, removed the rack 11 and the upper shaft 10 of the landing 4.

In Fig.4 shows a schematic diagram of the location of the upper sections 7 and 10 of the frame lining, respectively, in the primary (width a ₁ ) and prisetochny (width a ₂ ) entries for the mining stage, illustrated in figure 2.

The proposed method for the development of powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable ores is as follows. The ore body is divided into layers of thickness h (Figs. 1-3), which are sequentially worked out in a descending order with the laying of the worked-out space with hardening materials (for example, cement, slag, lime). The extraction of ore in the layers is carried out by primary openings 3, passable in the ore massif, and notch openings 4, 5 and 6, passable in the immediate vicinity of the stowing mass without leaving the ore pillar between the stowing mass and the cut-in mass.

When driving the initial entry 3 (Fig. 1), support frames are installed, each of which consists of an upper 7 and two racks 8 and 9. After the initial entry 3 is drilled, it is laid with hardening materials. After the bookmark of the primary entry 3, passive entry passes.

When digging passages 4 (figure 2) install the lining frames, each of which consists of a top 10 and one rack 11, located on the side of the ore mass. One end of the upper tower 10 rests on the rack 11, and the second end of the upper tower 10 rests on the backfill array created in the primary setting 3.

Before laying hardening materials prigodochnogo sunset 4, passable from one side of the stowage array created in the primary sunset 3, remove the racks of the support 9, which are closest to the priestina 4, of the primary sunset 3.

Before laying tabular sunset 5, which is traversed on the other side of the filling array created in primary sunset 3, the tops 7 and the second racks 8 of the roof supports of the primary sunset 3 are removed. Before the tabbing of the landing sunset 6, the rack 11 and the top 10 of the landing sunset 4 are removed. As a result, the all elements of the lining frames installed in the primary and prisetochnyh approaches.

The use of frame lining in the bays allows you to prevent dangerous collapse of the roof and sides of the bores. Removing the lining after performing its functions and reusing the lining can reduce the cost of securing the casts.

When implementing the proposed method, frame support with tops of various shapes (rectilinear, arched, etc.) can be used.

When using upper frames having a rectilinear shape, to increase the efficiency of the method, the width of the notches and a ₂ are less than the width of the primary notches a ₁ by an amount equal to the length of the segment c (Fig. 4) of the upper support lining of the notches that rest on the filling array. This allows you to reuse the tops of the frame lining, which were previously used in the primary approaches, in recessed approaches.

The use of roof support frames in top-down approaches, consisting of the upper and one rack (with the support of the second end of the upper shaft on the backfill array), allows to reduce the cost of installing and removing the roof support, as well as the consumption of materials (metal, wood, etc.) of which the roof support is made .

The use of metal racks, consisting of two elements connected by a wedge lock, when attaching the racks with a rectangular or trapezoidal frame lining, reduces the duration and the complexity of the racks extraction and the degree of their deformation. Such racks are used repeatedly, which reduces the cost of attaching snaps.

The width of the primary and secondary entries (a ₁ , a ₂ ), the type of frame support, the shape of the tops, as well as the length of the segment c (Fig. 4) of the top support of the subset support based on the backfill array, is determined in each case using well-known mine methods , laboratory or analytical studies, depending on the strength properties of the filling mass, mining and geological and mining conditions for mining the ore body.

Using the proposed method allows to prevent dangerous collapse of the rocks of the roof and sides of the entry, reduce the cost of securing the entry. The maximum effect when using the proposed method is achieved when mining the first (upper) layer, the roof of which is an unstable ore mass.

The area of cost-effective use of the proposed method are ore deposits with unstable, easily collapsing ores. Such deposits include, for example, the Yakovlevskoe deposit of rich iron ores. In this deposit, the horizontal thickness of the ore body reaches 300 m or more, the angle of incidence is 60-70 °, iron-mica-martite ores (up to 55%) are unstable, with a uniaxial compression strength of 0.3 to 15 MPa.

Claims (3)

1. A method for developing powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable ores, including dividing the ore body into layers worked out in descending order with the laying of the worked-out space with hardening materials, excavating the layers with primary openings, passed in the ore mass, and notch openings, passable in the immediate vicinity of the filling mass, fastening of the passages with frame support, characterized in that during the initial penetration, the support frames are installed, consisting of an upper and two racks, while driving the walker is installed in the roof support frames, each of which consists of an upper and one rack located on the side of the ore mass, the second end of the upper support is supported by the backfill array, before the tab of the backward pass passed from one of the sides of the backfill array created in the primary entry, the racks of the primary entry support are nearest to it, before the tab of the landing entry, passed on the other side of the filling array created in the primary entry, the upper and the second supports of the primary support are removed ahodki. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when using the vertices having a rectilinear shape, the width of the notch passages is less than the width of the primary passages by an amount equal to the length of the upper section of the lining of the reference pass resting on the backfill array. 3. The method according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that when fastening the tabs with a rectangular or trapezoidal frame support, metal racks consisting of two elements connected by a wedge lock are used.

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