RU2358071C2 - Masonry unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: masonry unit consists of a lightweight block with face being coated with decorative-protective layer. The vertical grooves are made on lightweight block face during forming. The face of block is implemented with a plate, which is glued leak tightly to the said block after solidification or represents pigment stained layer of highly strong concrete mix as forming open-end vertical channels in masonry unit parallel to block face.

EFFECT: wide functional applications of masonry unit due to increase gas permeability.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to building materials, in particular to wall stones used for exterior wall cladding.

For high-quality wall cladding, the used wall stone must meet a number of requirements.

First, the wall stone must provide the required thermal protection of the building.

Secondly, the outer face of the stone should have decorative properties that can give an attractive appearance to the wall of the building throughout its life.

Thirdly, the outer side of the wall should provide sufficient gas permeability, preventing the accumulation of moisture in the wall, which leads to its freezing and destruction.

Known wall stone, which is a monolithic homogeneous block, molded from a mixture of mineral materials (lime, sand, clay), made by firing, semi-pressing, autoclaving or clipping from a monolith (see A.I. Avgustenik, Ceramics. L., Lenizdat , 1975, p.123).

The main disadvantages of the known wall stone is, firstly, low protective properties due to the high hygroscopicity of the material, which makes it unsuitable for the construction of external walls.

Secondly, it does not have the decorative properties required for the outer wall, and special additional measures are needed to improve the facades, which not only increases the cost of the structure, but also requires subsequent periodic costly repairs.

Known wall stone (see AS No. 414105, class B28B 1/50, 1974), consisting of a block of artificial stone (foam concrete), one of the faces of which is made with a protective coating, which is a layer of dry cement with pigment, which is applied to the block and compacted. Taking away excess moisture from the block, the protective layer is cemented, which allows to increase the protective properties of the material and at the same time decoratively ennoble the surface.

The main disadvantage of the known wall stone is its low protection against adverse external influences. This is due to the fact that a thin cement layer under the influence of the sun, wind and rain is quickly destroyed (cracked and crumbles). Therefore, the functionality of using said wall stone is substantially limited.

Closest to the claimed (prototype) is a wall stone, consisting of aerated concrete block, on one of the faces of which a metal protective shell is installed in one piece, made in the form of a flat cover with a flange, covered with a protective coating on both sides, and with a decorative coating on the outside (see RF patent No. 2145996, class E04C 1/40, 2000). Known wall stone has high decorative and protective properties and low thermal conductivity.

The main disadvantage of the known wall stone is its low gas permeability. In winter, at negative outside air temperatures, part of the wall freezes, forming a surface with a "dew point" inside the wall, i.e. a layer of wall that accumulates moisture. In the warmer months, this moisture must evaporate through the gas-permeable outer wall. Otherwise, the wall loses its heat capacity, and therefore, with the onset of cold weather, the freezing of the wall will increase, and its heat-shielding properties will decrease.

The basis of this invention is the task of eliminating these disadvantages, namely the expansion of the functionality of the use of wall stone by increasing its gas permeability.

According to the invention, in a wall stone consisting of a block of light concrete, the front face of which is protected by a decorative-protective coating, this is achieved by the fact that in the array of the block of light concrete on the side of the front side there are vertical through grooves, and the front side is made in the form of a plate, which is hermetically sealed fixed to the block with the formation in the stone of vertical through channels parallel to the front face.

The specified implementation of the wall stone allows due to the presence of through channels to provide the required gas permeability of the wall.

It is prospective to create a sufficient degree of ventilation of the wall stone to fulfill the condition under which the area of the vertical through channels is 25-65% of the area of its face. With this ratio of areas, the wall block has sufficient mechanical strength of the connection with the front face, which allows you to reliably protect the walls of the building from destruction throughout the entire period of its operation.

It is advisable to simplify the manufacturing technology of wall stone, vertical through grooves should be made either in the form of cylinders, half cylinders or half ellipses, or in the form of a parallelepiped, at the base of which lies a rectangle or trapezoid.

It is advantageous to increase the manufacturability of wall stone to make the front face of porcelain stoneware, asbestos cement slab or concrete-mortar.

The claimed technical solution allows you to create a technologically simple, but reliable in operation wall stone that can solve the problem of protecting walls from adverse external influences, while having high gas permeability, which has no analogues among the known and used in the construction of wall stones, and therefore meets the criterion " inventive step ".

Figure 1-4 presents embodiments of the inventive wall stone.

Figure 5 presents the option of laying the inventive wall stones in the wall.

Figure 6 presents a drawing explaining the manufacturing technology of the inventive wall stone.

Figure 7 presents a drawing of the inventive wall stone with technological inserts.

On Fig presents a drawing of the final form of the inventive wall stone after removal of technological liners.

Presented in figure 1, the wall stone consists of a block of aerated concrete 1 with through channels 2 and front face 3.

Presented in Fig.6 drawing, explaining the manufacturing technology of the inventive wall stone, includes: a smooth horizontal base 4, on which are installed two vertical walls 5 with the formation of an extended rectangular open top chamber; level of light concrete 6, laid on the bottom of the chamber; a cylindrical drum 7 with inserts 8 forming grooves 9 in lightweight concrete.

Presented in Fig.7 wall stone contains technological liners 10.

Consider one of the manufacturing options of the inventive wall stone (see Fig.6). For the manufacture of stone, two vertical walls 5 are installed on a smooth horizontal base 4, which form an extended rectangular chamber open at the top, into which a layer of light concrete 6 is laid with vibro-thrombosis. A cylindrical drum 7 with inserts 8 forming in light concrete moves along the upper edge of the vertical walls 5 grooves 9. Then technological inserts 10 are put into grooves 9, for example, of solid polyurethane foam or plastic, which may have longitudinal bevels along the g wounds in the amount of 2-5 degrees. After hardening of layer 1 of light concrete, they begin to form the face of block 3, which can be made in the form of a pigmented layer of concrete mixture of high strength or in the form of ceramic granite or asbestos cement slab laid on an adhesive basis. After the technological drying of the obtained wall stone tape is completed, the vertical walls 5 are removed and the tape is transversely sawed with diamond cutting saws into separate wall blocks (see Figs. 2-4).

The wall assembly of the claimed wall blocks (see figure 5) is carried out in such a way that the through channels 2 of the blocks standing on top of each other coincide, forming single through vertical channels through which the building wall is ventilated.

Thus, the inventive wall stone allows you to provide reliable protection of the walls from adverse external influences, has good decorative and thermophysical properties that can give an attractive appearance to the wall and keep it throughout the life of the building.

Claims (7)

1. Wall stone, consisting of a block of light concrete, the front side of which is protected by a decorative-protective coating, characterized in that through the formation of the block of light concrete from the side of the face side, vertical vertical grooves are made during its formation, and the face side is made in the form of a plate, which, after curing the block, is either hermetically fixed to it on an adhesive basis, or made in the form of a pigmented layer of concrete mix of high strength and forms in the stone through vertical channels parallel to the face . 2. Wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the vertical through channels is 25-65% of the area of the front face. 3. Wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical through grooves are made in the form of cylinders, half cylinders or half ellipses. 4. The wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical through grooves are made in the form of a parallelepiped, at the base of which lies a rectangle or trapezoid. 5. Wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the front face is made of porcelain stoneware. 6. Wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the front face is made of asbestos cement slab. 7. The wall stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the front face is made of concrete-mortar.

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