RU2357216C2 - Device for weight batching of loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument making.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to batching powder-like and loose materials and can be applied in the food, pharmacological, chemical industries, and for batching, in industrial conditions, of separate multi-component industrial explosives. The proposed device comprises guides, batcher drive pneumatic cylinder, bin support assembly made up of the base and bin supports, and a lifting mechanism represented by two lever mechanisms arranged in symmetry on both sides of the weigh hopper. The lateral levers of the latter are interconnected by lengthwise beams to make an integrated structure, while both lever mechanisms are coupled by a crosspiece whereto the piston of the drive pneumatic cylinder is fixed. The crosspiece axle is oriented so that, with the lifting mechanisms in bottom position, it the angle approximating to 90° with axes of the bottom lateral levers, inclined by 10 to 20° relative to vertical axis. The bin support assembly is arranged so that the gap between the bin supports and base load-bearing surfaces makes one and a half to two gaps between the bin lock bottom point and the closest support point.

EFFECT: automated batcher satisfying all safety requirements and allowing transportation of weighed explosive loose material in horizontal plane consecutively to each consumer, without applying potentially dangerous consumers of electric power.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to automated systems for dispensing powdered and granular materials and can be applied in the food, pharmacological, chemical industries, in particular to devices that provide a sufficiently accurate dosage (with an error of not more than 0.5-1%) in an industrial environment of individual components of multicomponent industrial explosives (BB). Such substances may include, for example, nitrate, trinitrotoluene, etc. substances in the mass production of ammonites and similar industrial explosives. The proposed device can also be used for dosing other potentially flammable and explosive substances (tobacco, sugar, etc.).

Automatic dispensers of bulk solids according to the generally accepted classification (see S.P. Orlov. Dosing devices. M., Mashgiz, 1966) are divided into weight and volume. In turn, the class of weight dispensers is divided into portioned with variable portions or constant, as well as continuous action. For currently used in the preparation of explosives (for example, ammonites) the most suitable weighted portioned automatic batchers with variable portions. The design of the dispensers usually includes the following nodes:

- inlet funnels and gates, ensuring the flow of the dosed material into the hopper and its release after weighing;

- a hopper that serves as a container for the accumulation of weighed material;

- scales;

- pointing devices for monitoring weighing;

- recording devices;

- dispenser control devices.

The disadvantage of most known devices is the impossibility of their use in explosive industries, since they use a significant number of auxiliary mechanisms with electric drives, which, despite the applied protective measures, are potentially dangerous devices simply because of the presence of electricity consumers. In accordance with safety requirements, these mechanisms are accompanied by the necessary measures for their explosion protection. Explosion protection must ensure that explosive dust does not enter the internal cavities of the equipment where contact sparking, local overheating, explosive dust mashing in the gaps between their individual parts, etc. are possible.

Restrictions on the use of equipment saturated with electric drives or electronic devices limit the possibilities of automating the dosing process. This leads to large costs of manual labor and, as a consequence, an increase in the number of personnel employed in hazardous and hazardous industries. Known dispensers do not allow the transport of suspended matter for feeding it to sequentially located mixers or other equipment included in the manufacturing process of explosives. An example of such devices is dispensers with tipping, opening or rotating hoppers, which allows them to be used only if there is one consumer of the dosed substance.

The disadvantage of such dispensers is the need to equip them with additional conveying devices: ladle conveyors, etc. when used with several consumers of a dosed substance.

A device for the weight dosing of bulk materials, selected as a prototype (see RF patent No. 2026534, class G01G 13/00, filing date 05/12/1991, patent holder: Central Research Institute "Petrel").

A device for weight dosing of bulk materials contains a hopper with a locking device, scales and a control system.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the impossibility of its use in explosive industries, since they use a significant number of auxiliary mechanisms with electric drives, which, despite the applied protective measures, are potentially dangerous devices simply because of the presence of electricity consumers.

The objective of the present invention is to provide an automated device that meets all the safety requirements for the weighted dosage of explosives and allows the transportation of suspended bulk material along the processing chain in a horizontal plane to each consumer without using potentially dangerous consumers of electricity.

To solve this problem, a device for weighing dosing of bulk materials containing a hopper, a weighing device, a locking device, a control system, according to the invention, the device is equipped with guides, a pneumatic cylinder for the dispenser drive, a support socket for the hopper, consisting of a stand and supports of the hopper and a lifting mechanism made in the form two scales located symmetrically on the lateral sides, lever mechanisms (upper and lower), the lateral levers of which are pivotally fastened together and interconnected in the overall construction is made by longitudinal beams, and both linkage mechanisms by a transverse link, to which the piston rod of the actuator pneumatic cylinder is pivotally fixed, and the axis of the transverse link is oriented so that when the lifting mechanism of the device is lowered, it forms an angle of approximately 90 ° with the axes of the lower side levers, inclined by 10-20 ° relative to the vertical axis, and the hopper support socket is designed so that the gap between the hopper supports and the support surfaces of the stand is one and a half to two times greater than Well, the clearance from the lowest point of the hopper locking device to the stand point closest to it.

According to the invention, in the device, the upper lateral levers of the lever mechanisms with their upper ends are fixed to the guiding hinges with one degree of freedom, the lower ends of the lower side levers are fixed to the device frame with hinges with three degrees of freedom, and each upper arm is fastened with the lower end to the upper end of the lower lever by a hinge with one or three degrees of freedom in turn.

As can be seen from the foregoing, to solve this problem, the proposed technical solution is equipped with a lifting mechanism capable of lowering the hopper onto the weighing device or lifting it after gaining a predetermined component weight, and guides along which the hopper can be moved horizontally to move it under the bulk device or for feeding the component into the mixer for further processing.

In addition, the device contains a control system that automatically provides:

- lowering the hopper onto the scales using the lifting mechanism of the dispenser;

- inclusion of scales in the weighing mode of a predetermined amount of substance;

- a set of the dosed substance into the hopper supplied by a known device, for example a screw conveyor, in accordance with its predetermined weight;

- the cessation of the filing of the dosed substance after a set of its predetermined weight using a known device, for example, a screw conveyor gate;

- turning off the weighing device from the weighing mode to standby mode;

- switching the dispenser operation mode from standby mode to the mode of raising the hopper from the balance;

- feeding the hopper with the component in a horizontal plane to consumers (for example, to mixing tanks).

The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype (see RF patent No. 2026534, class G01G 13/00, filing date 05/12/1991, patent holder: Central Research Institute "Burevesnik"), therefore, meets the criterion of "novelty", not It follows explicitly from the studied prior art, that is, has an inventive step.

The claimed technical solution can be used in industry, therefore, it is industrially applicable.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where

 figure 1 - General view of the device;

 figure 2 is a side view.

An example of a specific implementation.

A device for the weight dosing of bulk materials consists of a hopper 1, equipped with two wheels 2, one roller 3 and a locking device 4. The wheels 2 are made with intrinsically safe flanges 5, providing movement of the wheels along the horizontal guides 6. The horizontal guides 6 consist of channels 7 and rods, which ensure the movement of the hopper 1 along a predetermined path using the wheels 2 and the roller 3 from the loading position to the position of further use of the product in accordance with the technological process. The roller 3 serves to support the hopper 1 from its opposite side while providing compensation for lateral displacements of the hopper in the case of warpage of the guides 7, that is, in this case, a predetermined (and as a result shock-free and sparkless) movement of the hopper 1 along the guides is provided.

On the horizontal guides 6 there are also rollers 8, which are supported in the horizontal plane (according to the constituent reaction forces of the supports) in the brackets 9. Thus, the horizontal guides 6 can only move in the vertical direction by rolling the rollers 8 along the side surfaces of the brackets 9. On horizontal guides 6 from the bottom, brackets 10 are rigidly fixed, on the ends of which the fingers of the sleeve-finger joints 11 are mounted, equipped with rubber covers that protect them from possible falling dust particles of explosives in their conjugation. The sleeve-finger hinges 11 are fastened with their bases to the ends of the upper side levers 12, one of which, in turn, is connected with the lower end to the lower side levers 14 with the lower end, and the second upper side lever is connected with the lower side lever 14 with the lower end -the finger hinge 11. The lower side levers 14, through the ball hinges 16, rest on the base of the frame 17. This combination of sleeve-finger and ball joints allows for smooth (without distortions and jamming) dispenser operation and relatively low manufacturing precision of its parts and assembly with minimum maintenance and repair.

The indicated linkage systems are located symmetrically on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the balance. To the pair of lower side levers 14, in their upper thirds (along their length), a cross member 18 is rigidly fixed, which is connected through the ball joint 19 to the pneumatic cylinder of the metering drive 20. The pneumatic cylinder of the metering drive 20 is attached to the frame by the sleeve-finger hinge to the frame dispenser 21. On the dispenser frame, scales 22 are installed, on the platform 23 of which a stand 24 is fixed. The stand 24 forms, together with the supports 25 of the hopper 1, in its upper position, the support socket of the hopper. In this case, the hopper socket is designed so that the gap “b” between the supports 25 and the supporting surfaces of the stand 24 is one and a half to two times the size of the gap “c” from the lowest point of the locking device 4 of the hopper 1 to the closest point of the stand 24.

The upper lateral levers 12 are paired, through the corresponding ball joints 26, connected by longitudinal beams 27, and the axis of rotation of the ball joints 26 are located on the lower third of the lengths of the levers 12, and the beams themselves have built-in nodes to control their length.

On the bracket 28 of the balance 22, a pneumatic cylinder for turning on the balance 29 and a non-contact end switch (inductive sensor) 30 is installed. An adjustable gap between the non-contact end switch 30 and the balance beam 31 is set so as to ensure that the switch operates when the balance beam passes (when recruiting given weight of the dosed substance) through the equilibrium position. In addition, the proximity switch is selected so that the maximum power consumed by it does not exceed 60 mW, which is an acceptable threshold for electrical explosion safety.

Due to the fact that pneumatic actuators that provide movement of relatively large masses usually do not allow developing sufficiently large starting torques to overcome static friction (pulling away) and inertia forces, a pneumatic cylinder 32 is fixed on the frame 17, which ensures starting from the hopper 1 The hopper 1 moves along the horizontal guides 6, crosses the gap "d" and then moves along the guides 33 to the consumers of suspended matter (the pneumatic drive of the hopper is conventionally shown in FIGS. 1, 2 in connection with its well-known).

Dosing accuracy can be periodically controlled using a control mechanism consisting of a rocker arm 34 located on (above) the weighing platform, at its both ends having rods 35, on which weights 36 can be installed with a total weight equal to the weight of the dosed substance, taking into account the weight bunker. The control mechanism is equipped with a pneumatic cylinder of the control mechanism (figure 1, 2 is not shown in connection with the well-known), mounted on the bracket 37, providing lifting or lowering the rocker arm with the control weight of the weights. When the dispenser is operating, the control mechanism keeps the weighed portion of the weight in the raised position of the rocker arm 34, thereby ensuring the operation of the dispenser, and if necessary, checking the accuracy of the dispenser operation, lowers the beam onto the weighing platform.

A device for the weight dosing of bulk materials works as follows

To ensure reliable operation of the dispenser, it is preliminarily carried out its well-known level adjustment (ensuring the quality work of the scales) and the lifting mechanism is adjusted by adjusting the length of the longitudinal beams 27 in order to check and adjust the positions of the side levers 12, 14, the hinges of which must be moved at equal distances, then there must be the condition for equal distances: EF = BC = GD (ensuring reliable operation of the lifting mechanism without distortions and jamming).

Immediately before the start of dosing, the horizontal guides 6 are in a raised state and at the same level with the guides 33 by supplying compressed air to the lower cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 20 and appropriate selection of the piston stroke and the length of its rod.

Wherein:

- the angle between the vertical and the axes of the side arms 12 is about 10 ° (the design of the device in figures 1, 2 is shown in this position);

- the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 32 is in the extreme left position (see figure 1);

- the rod of the pneumatic cylinder for switching on the balance 29 - in its highest position (the balance is “off”);

- the gap between the end contactless switch 30 and the beam of the balance 31 significantly exceeds the value at which the switch is triggered.

Dosing of explosives begins with the pneumatic drive of the hopper 1 from the guides 33 to the horizontal guides 6 (to the loading position - all the way into the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 32) and after turning on the dispenser in automatic mode, the process is controlled by pneumatic distributors, not shown conventionally in figures 1, 2 in connection with their well-known in the following sequence.

1. There is a lowering of the hopper 1 by bleeding off compressed air from the lower cavity of the pneumatic cylinder of the metering drive 20 and subsequent rolling of the rollers 8 along the brackets 9. The lowering of the hopper continues until the ends of the supports 25 touch the supports 24.

2. After touching the supports 25 with their ends of the stand 24, the scales are turned on (the rod of the pneumatic cylinder for turning on the scales 29 is lowered).

3. The gate of the screw conveyor opens over the hopper (Fig. 1, 2 is not shown) and the flow of bulk explosives into the hopper 1 begins.

4. After accumulating a predetermined number of explosives in the hopper, the balance beam 31 passes the equilibrium position, and the gap between it and the end contactless switch 30 reaches a level sufficient to receive the corresponding signal in the electro-pneumatic dispenser control system.

5. The signal from the proximity switch 30 simultaneously receives signals to close the gate of the screw conveyor and turn off the balance, and then to raise the hopper.

6. After horizontal guides 6 reach their highest position due to the extension of the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 32, the inertia and static friction forces of the hopper 1 are overcome, the pneumatic drive of the hopper 1 is simultaneously turned on and the hopper starts its movement to the unloading position.

7. If it is necessary to check the accuracy of dosing using the pneumatic cylinder of the control mechanism, the beam falls to the weighing platform, which allows you to compare the readings of the metering weights with the actual weight of the weights. After the test is completed, the pneumatic cylinder raises the beam to the working position.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows to obtain an automated device that meets all safety requirements for the weighted dosage of explosives and allows the transportation of suspended bulk material along the processing chain in a horizontal plane to each consumer without using potentially dangerous consumers of electricity.

Claims (2)

1. A device for the weight dosing of bulk materials containing a hopper, a weighing device, a locking device, a control system, characterized in that the device is equipped with guides, a pneumatic cylinder for the metering drive, a support socket for the hopper, consisting of a stand and supports for the hopper, and a lifting mechanism made in in the form of two lever mechanisms located symmetrically on the lateral sides (upper and lower), the lateral levers of which are pivotally fastened together and connected together in a common longitudinal design beams, and both linkage mechanisms with a transverse link, to which the piston rod of the actuator pneumatic cylinder is pivotally fixed through the stop, and the axis of the transverse link is oriented so that when the lifting mechanism of the device is lowered, it forms an angle of approximately 90 ° with the axes of the lower side levers inclined relative to the vertical axis by 10-20 °, and the support socket of the hopper is designed so that the gap between the supports of the hopper and the supporting surfaces of the stand is one and a half to two times the gap from the lowest point hopper device, to the nearest stand point. 2. The device for the weight dosing of bulk materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper lateral levers of the lever mechanisms with their upper ends are fixed to the guiding hinges with one degree of freedom, the lower ends of the lower side levers are fixed to the device frame with hinges with three degrees of freedom, and between each upper lever with the lower end is fastened to the upper end of the lower lever by a hinge with one or three degrees of freedom in turn.

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