RU2356143C1 - Double-polarisation antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, radio.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for application in the field of radio engineering, in particular as receiving or transmitting antenna for radio communication at short waves. Specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in available double-polarisation antenna comprising horizontal symmetrical vibrator arranged in the form of system of separating conductors, in-phase-antiphased bridge, outlets of which are connected to arms of horizontal symmetrical vibrator, and transformer, additionally two in-phase-antiphased bridges are introduced, and conductors of every arm of symmetrical horizontal vibrator are located in vertical plane and are separated in upper and lower groups, to which outlets of additionally introduced in-phase-antiphased bridges are connected, in-phase inlets of which are connected to outlets of the first in-phase-antiphased bridge, and antiphased inlets - to transformer outlet.

EFFECT: simplification of antenna curtain design.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio engineering and is intended for use, in particular, as a receiving or transmitting antenna for short-wave radio communications.

Known bipolarisation antenna containing a vertical pin and a horizontal frame made by the printed method [1].

This antenna is designed to operate in the frequency band 920-960 MHz, and in the short-wave range (3-30 MHz) is practically not feasible.

A known antenna that creates a linear polarization of an arbitrary direction with the possibility of smooth adjustment of this direction. This antenna contains a mirror antennas mounted on a turntable, and is intended for satellite ground stations [2].

This antenna operates in the 4-6 GHz frequency band, and in the short-wave range is also practically not feasible, since its size at the corresponding wavelengths would be extremely large.

Known bipolarization antenna containing a vibrator with a vertical part, the ends of which are curved in the form of horizontal open rings having different directions of rotation [3].

This antenna is designed to operate in the relatively narrow frequency ranges allocated for VHF FM broadcasting, and for operation in the wide frequency range required for short-wave radio communications, it cannot be used.

Known bipolar antenna system of the short wavelength range, containing a horizontal vibrator and an in-phase antiphase bridge, made in the form of a differential transformer [4]. The disadvantage of this antenna system is the complexity of the antenna sheet design, which includes a volumetric vertical asymmetric vibrator and a quarter-wave coaxial cup.

Known bipolarization antenna containing a horizontal symmetric vibrator made in the form of a system of divergent conductors, an in-phase antiphase bridge, the outputs of which are connected to the shoulders of a horizontal symmetric vibrator, and a transformer [5] (prototype). The in-phase bridge in the prototype is made in the form of a differential transformer.

This bipolarisation antenna is designed and can be used successfully in the short wavelength range. However, the vertical asymmetric vibrator included in its composition complicates and aggravates the antenna sheet and, in addition, worsens the radiation conditions for a symmetric vibrator, because the inclined wires of the unbalanced vibrator are in the field of the symmetric vibrator.

The present invention solves the problem of eliminating the vertical vibrator and its effect on the radiation of the horizontal vibrator.

To achieve this technical result, a well-known bipolar antenna containing a horizontal symmetric vibrator made in the form of a system of divergent conductors, an in-phase antiphase bridge, the outputs of which are connected to the shoulders of a horizontal symmetric vibrator, and a transformer, two additional in-phase antiphase bridges are introduced, and the conductors of each of the shoulders of a symmetrical horizontal vibrator are located in a vertical plane and are divided into upper and lower groups, to which are connected the outputs of the additional in-phase-antiphase bridges introduced, the in-phase inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the first in-phase-antiphase bridge, and the antiphase inputs are connected to the output of the transformer.

In a preferred embodiment of the bipolarisation antenna, to improve matching with the feeder, the vertical distances between the ends of the lower and upper conductors in each group are equal to each other and equal to the vertical distance between the ends of the upper conductor of the lower group and the lower conductor of the upper group.

The drawing shows the proposed bipolarization antenna, side view.

The bipolarization antenna contains a horizontal symmetric vibrator made in the form of a system of divergent conductors that are located in a vertical plane and are divided into upper 1 and 3 and lower 2 and 4 groups. The bipolarization antenna also contains a second in-phase antiphase bridge 5, a third in-phase antiphase bridge 6, a first in-phase antiphase bridge 7, a transformer 8 and a ballast load 9. The outputs of the bridge 7 are connected to the shoulders of a horizontal symmetric vibrator via bridges 5 and 6. To the in-phase input bridge 7 (common-mode inputs of the bridges are marked with a “+” sign, and antiphase inputs with a “-” sign) a ballast load is connected 9. The outputs of bridge 7 are connected to the common-mode inputs of bridges 5 and 6, and the transformer output is connected to the out-of-phase inputs of bridges 5 and 6. B moves the bridge 5 are connected to the upper and lower group 1 group 2 of conductors of the left (in the drawing) arm dipole antenna 6 and the outputs of the bridge are connected to the upper and the lower group 3 group 4 conductors right shoulder dipole. In-phase bridges in the receiving version or in the transmitting version with a low transmitter power can be performed, for example, in the form of a differential transformer, as in the prototype; at high power, they can be performed, for example, using a quadrature directional coupler and phase shifter 90 degrees. The drawing shows that each group consists of four wires, but there can be any number of them. With a larger number of wires, matching is improved and the frequency range is expanded, with a smaller number of wires, the antenna sheet is facilitated. With one wire in each group, the total number of wires is half that of the minimum number of wires in the prototype — four instead of eight.

In a preferred embodiment of the bipolar antenna, the vertical distances a between the ends of the lower and upper conductors in each upper group are equal to the corresponding distances b in each lower group and equal to the vertical distance c between the ends of the upper conductor of the lower group and the lower conductor of the upper group: a = b = from.

Bipolar antenna works as follows. When applying a high-frequency signal to the input, indicated in the drawing "horizontal polarization", this signal goes to the antiphase input of the first in-phase antiphase bridge 7, the outputs of which create equal in magnitude and opposite in phase high-frequency signals. These high-frequency signals are fed to the common-mode inputs of the in-phase antiphase bridges 5 and 6, at the outputs of each of which equal-amplitude and common-mode signals are generated: at the outputs of bridge 5 - one phase, at the outputs of bridge 6 - the opposite phase. Since the left (according to the drawing) shoulder of a symmetrical horizontal vibrator formed by groups of wires 1 and 2, and the same right shoulder formed by groups 3 and 4 are supplied with equal amplitude and phase opposite signals, a horizontally polarized wave is emitted. When a high-frequency signal is applied to the input labeled “vertical polarization” in the drawing, this signal goes to transformer 8, which serves to coordinate the resistances, and from the transformer output to the antiphase inputs of bridges 5 and 6. From the outputs of bridge 5 are the same in amplitude but opposite in phase, the signals go to wire groups 1 and 2. Similarly, from the outputs of the bridge 6, the same signals go to wire groups 3 and 4. As a result, wire groups 1 and 3 are excited in phase; Groups 2 and 4 are also excited in phase, but opposite in phase with respect to groups 1 and 3. Thus, a symmetrical vertical vibrator is obtained, the upper arm of which is formed by wire groups 1 and 3, and the lower arm - by groups 2 and 4, which emits a vertically polarized wave.

When two high-frequency signals are applied to the inputs of a bipolarization antenna, waves of horizontal and vertical polarization are simultaneously emitted.

In the receiving version, the bipolarization antenna works similarly, since it does not contain nonreciprocal elements.

In a preferred embodiment of a bipolarization antenna with a = b = c, the configuration of the wires for vertical polarization is close to self-complementary, which, as is known [6], is the best in frequency bandwidth by agreement.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 54426439, IPC ⁶ H01Q 21/24.

2. US patent No. 6300900, IPC ⁷ H01Q 21/24.

3. RF patent No. 2151455, IPC ⁷ H01Q 9/16.

4. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1568123, IPC H01Q 9/34.

5. RF patent No. 2066906, IPC ⁶ H01Q 21/24.

6. Shortwave antennas. / G.Z. Aizenberg, S.P. Belousov, E.M. Zhurbenko, and others; Ed. G.Z. Eisenberg. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Radio and communications, 1985 .-- 536 p.

Claims (2)

1. A bipolarization antenna containing a horizontal symmetric vibrator made in the form of a system of divergent conductors, a first in-phase antiphase bridge, the outputs of which are connected to the shoulders of a horizontal symmetric vibrator, and a transformer, characterized in that two additional in-phase antiphase bridges are introduced into it, and the conductors of each arm of a symmetrical horizontal vibrator are located in a vertical plane and are divided into upper and lower groups, to which the outputs of the additional tively phase-antiphase bridges inphase inputs are connected to outputs of the first phase-antiphase bridge and antiphase input - to the output transformer. 2. The bipolar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical distances between the ends of the lower and upper conductors in each group are equal to each other and equal to the vertical distance between the ends of the upper conductor of the lower group and the lower conductor of the upper group.