RU2354722C2 - Facility for manufacturing compacted iron made of recycled materials, containing fine-dispersed reduced iron, and unit for manufacturing of molten iron, including unit for manufacturing of compacted iron - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: facility for manufacturing of compacted iron contains loading bin, screw feeder, installed inside the loading bin and forming acute angle with vertical line, and a couple of rollers, installed with the grove between them. Screw feeders discharge reduced materials from the loading bin. A couple of rollers compress discharged recycling material with receiving of compacted iron. Screw feeders are installed near by each other lengthwise rollers axes so, that central axis projection of screw feeders pass through the groove between rollers with intersection.

EFFECT: mass production of compacted iron without its destruction from recycled material with its uniform feeding lengthwise rollers.

64 cl, 16 dwg

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. The technical field

The present invention relates to a device for the production of compressed iron and to a plant for the production of molten iron, including a device for the production of compressed iron. In particular, the invention relates to a device for the production of compressed iron by compaction of reduced materials containing finely divided direct reduced iron, and to a plant for the production of molten iron, including a device for the production of compressed iron.

2. The level of technology

The metallurgical industry is the main industry, supplying the basic materials necessary for the design and manufacture of cars, ships, household appliances, etc. In addition, this production has the longest development history since the beginning of the history of human society. Steelmaking plants, which are the main link in the metallurgical industry, produce steel from molten metal and supply it to customers. In doing so, molten iron is first produced (i.e. molten iron in molten form) using iron ore and coal as raw materials.

Today, approximately 60% of the world's metal production is carried out by smelting in blast furnaces, which have been used since the fourteenth century. According to the above method, iron ore that has gone through the calcination process and coke obtained from coking coal used as a raw material are loaded together in a blast furnace, where oxygen is supplied to reduce iron ore into iron, so that molten iron is obtained . For the blast furnace smelting method, which is most widely used in enterprises where molten iron is obtained, it is necessary that the raw materials have a strength of at least a certain size and particle sizes that would ensure their gas permeability when in the furnace taking into account the characteristics of the reactions taking place. To do this, as a source of carbon, which is used as fuel and as a reducing agent, coke obtained by processing special grades of coal is needed. In addition, as a source of iron, calcined ore is required, which has gone through a consistent agglomeration process. Thus, for the modern smelting process in a blast furnace, it is necessary to have equipment for the preliminary processing of raw materials, such as equipment for the production of coke and equipment for roasting ore, i.e. in addition to the blast furnace, it is necessary to have auxiliary equipment, as well as equipment to prevent and reduce environmental pollution caused by such auxiliary equipment. As a result, large funds that have to be invested in such equipment lead to an increase in production costs.

To eliminate these shortcomings of blast-furnace smelting at all steel mills in the world, considerable efforts have been made to develop a reduction smelting process in which molten iron is obtained by the direct use of fine coal (as fuel and a reducing reagent) and finely dispersed ore. Such smelting is used in the production of more than 80% of all ore produced in the world.

A plant for producing molten iron in the direct use of fine coal and pulverized ore is described in US Pat. No. 5,534,046. The apparatus described in US Pat. No. 5,543,046 contains three-stage fluidized bed reactors providing a fluidized bed and a gas-generating melting furnace associated therewith. Finely dispersed iron ore with additives is loaded into the first fluidized-bed reactor at room temperature and sequentially passes through three-stage fluidized-bed reactors. Due to the fact that hot reducing gas is generated in three-stage fluidized-bed reactors generated in a gas-generating melting furnace, the temperature of iron ore and additives increases upon contact with hot reducing gas. When this happens, the recovery of 90% or more of iron ore and additives and 30% or more of the ore are fired, after which they are loaded into a gas generator.

When coal is supplied to a gas-generating melting furnace, a fluidized coal bed is formed. In the fluidized coal bed, iron ore and additives are melted and slag is formed, which are then discharged in the form of molten iron and slag. Oxygen introduced through tuyeres mounted on the outer wall of the gas-generating melting furnace burns the fluidized coal bed and turns into hot reducing gas. Then, hot reducing gas is supplied to the fluidized bed reactors to reduce iron ore and additives and is discharged to the outside.

However, due to the fact that a high-speed gas stream is formed in the upper part of the gas-generating melting furnace, which is part of the aforementioned plant for the production of molten iron, finely divided reduced iron and calcined additives supplied to the melting furnace are separated and carried away. In addition, when loading finely divided reduced ore and calcined additives into the melting furnace, it is not always possible to ensure the penetration of gas and liquid into the dense coal layer in the melting furnace.

In order to eliminate the above disadvantages, a method was developed for briquetting finely divided reduced ore and additives and loading them into a smelting furnace. US Pat. No. 5,666,638 describes a method and apparatus for the production of oval shaped sponge briquettes. In addition, US patent No. 4093455, No. 4076520 and No. 4033559 describes a method and apparatus for the production of plate or grooved briquettes from sponge iron. Finely divided reduced iron is briquetted hot and then cooled, due to which sponge iron briquettes are obtained, which are convenient for subsequent transportation over long distances.

For the production of a small number of sponge iron briquettes, a vertical screw feeder can be used, but it is not suitable for large-scale production. When sponge iron briquettes are produced as described above, increasing the amount of finely divided reduced iron loaded to increase the number of briquettes produced leads to the fact that a relatively smaller amount of finely divided iron is distributed in the central part of the rolls, whereby the middle part of the briquette can be destroyed. In addition, as the length of the roll increases due to the fact that in large-scale installations, the rolls for pressing and forming finely dispersed iron are large, the loaded finely divided iron will be fed unevenly along the length of the rolls, which leads to a splitting phenomenon, which means fracture the middle part of the briquette, and this, in turn, causes the formation of a large amount of dust in the subsequent grinding stage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention addresses these drawbacks by providing a device for the production of compressed iron, which is suitable for large-scale production.

In addition, the present invention provides a plant for the production of molten iron, equipped with the proposed device for the production of pressed iron.

A device for the production of compressed iron in accordance with the present invention comprises a loading hopper into which reduced materials are loaded containing finely divided reduced iron, screw feeders installed inside the loading hopper and forming an acute angle with a vertical that unload the reduced materials from the loading hopper, and a pair of rolls established with a gap between them. The rollers compact the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron and discharged from the hopper by screw feeders, producing compressed iron. The screw feeders are installed next to each other along the axis of the rolls, so that the extensions of the central axes of the screw feeders pass through the gap between the rolls with the intersection.

The plane in which the central axes of the screw feeders lie can intersect with the plane in which the roll axes lie at right angles.

The angle between the central axis of each screw feeder and the vertical can range from 7 to 9 °.

Most preferably, the angle between the central axis of each screw feeder and the vertical is 8 °.

The extensions of the central axes of the screw feeders should preferably intersect on a vertical line that runs through the center of the gap between the rolls.

Preferably, the amount of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron that are fed to the rolls is substantially the same in length.

Reconstituted materials may contain additives.

The device for the production of compressed iron may further comprise a feed box mounted under the feed hopper, supplying reduced materials to the rolls and forming a convex space under the feed hopper facing the feed box.

Guide tubes can be inserted into the feed box.

The feed box may comprise an inclined center portion that forms a bulge in the direction of the feed hopper, and peripheral portions connected to each end of the center portion.

It is necessary that the angle of inclination of the central part of the supply box relative to the horizontal be practically the same as the angle of inclination of the end surfaces of the guide tubes relative to the horizontal.

The lower surface of the Central part of the feed box is preferably facing the surface of the rolls.

The lower surface of the Central part of the feed box may have several protruding sections located along the rolls.

Supporting parts can be located on both sides of the rolls, on which the rolls are supported during rotation and which protrude from the side of the lower surface of the feed box.

A cooling channel may be provided in the feed box, which encompasses through holes for installing the guide tubes.

The inlet and outlet of the cooling channel can be made on the supply box between the guide tubes.

Reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron can be fed into a feed box that closes tightly.

The feed hopper may include guide tubes extending into the gap between the rollers, with the end portion of each of the guide tubes corresponding to its maximum length protruding into the feed box.

The loading hopper may contain guide tubes extending towards the gap between the rolls and made with an inclination relative to the vertical, with the end parts of the pipes located on opposite sides of the center of the gap along a line running in the direction of the axes of the rolls.

The ends of the guide tubes are preferably oval.

Preferably, the guide tubes extend as they move away from the center of the gap.

A stepped portion may be formed on the outer surface of each guide tube.

Preferably, the difference between the maximum and minimum lengths of the guide tubes is in the range from 0.54 r to 1.15 r, where r is the inner radius of the guide tubes.

Preferably, the plane passing through the edges of the guide tubes corresponding to their maximum and minimum lengths is substantially perpendicular to the plane in which the axes of the pair of rolls lie.

Preferably, the angle between the end surface of each guide tube and the horizontal is in the range of 20 to 35 °.

Refrigerant may pass through the guide pipes.

The inner radius of the guide tubes may increase in the direction of discharge of the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron.

The ratio of the maximum length of the guide tubes to the difference between the inner radius of the inlet of the guide tubes and the inner radius of the outlet of the guide tubes is preferably in the range of 75 to 100.

Each guide tube may comprise an inner tube through which reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron pass and an outer tube spanning the inner tube.

Refrigerant may pass between the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the guide pipe.

On the outer pipe of the guide pipe, a spiral groove can be made on the side of its inner pipe, through which refrigerant can pass.

Spiral grooves may have a semicircular cross section.

The refrigerant is preferably nitrogen.

It is preferable that one or more scrapers be installed on each screw feeder to remove reduced materials that adhere to finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inner wall of the feed hopper.

The scraper surface of the scrapers can be located along the inner wall of the feed hopper at a constant distance from it.

Between the scraper surface, which is located at a distance from the screw feeder, and the latter, a gap can be formed.

Both ends of the scraper surface can be bent and rigidly connected to the screw feeder.

Both ends of the scraper surface can be bent in a curve.

At least one of the two sides of the scraper surface is preferably inclined in the direction of rotation of the screw feeder.

The bent sections of the scrapers removing the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron and adhering to the inclined surface of the inner wall of the feed hopper, which are bent from both ends of the scraper surfaces and extend towards the surfaces of the screw feeders, may be different.

On the lower portion of the central axis of each screw feeder, a screw may be installed, and scrapers having different bent sections may be mounted directly above the upper portion of the screw.

Each scraper may contain a scraper element that removes reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inner wall of the feed hopper, and two support elements connected to both ends of the scraper element and fixed to the screw feeder.

The support element is preferably a screw mounted on a screw feeder.

The scraper element may include a scraper surface that removes reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron and adhering to the inner wall of the hopper, and the scraper element can be bent from the scraper surface and connected to the support element.

The bent sections of the scrapers removing the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron and adhering to the inclined surface of the inner wall of the feed hopper, which are bent from both ends of the scraper surfaces and connected to the supporting elements, can be made uneven.

Each scraper comprises a first support part mounted on the screw feeder and a second support part located below the first support part and mounted on the screw feeder, wherein the bent portion connected to the first support element is longer than the bent portion connected to the second support element.

Two or more scrapers can be installed along each screw feeder.

These two or more scrapers can be mounted alternately in opposite directions on the screw feeder, wherein the screw feeder is placed between the scrapers of the feed hopper.

A device for the production of pressed iron may include a roll housing covering the rolls and scrapers installed along the rolls, connected to the inner sides of the roll housing and removing pressed iron adhering to the surface of the rolls, while the scrapers are set so that they do not touch the rolls.

Scrapers mounted along the rolls can be installed under the rolls.

The first surface of each scraper installed along the rolls, interacting with the removable compressed iron, preferably forms an acute angle with the second surface of this scraper facing the surface of the rolls.

The specified acute angle is preferably in the range from 30 to 60 °.

The distance between the scrapers mounted along the rolls and the rolls is preferably less than or equal to the distance between the rolls.

The distance between the scrapers installed along the rolls and the rolls can range from 2 to 4 mm.

Each scraper installed along the rolls may contain scraper rollers associated with the rolls and providing, during rotation, the removal of pressed iron adhering to the rolls.

Each scraper roller may contain scraper parts, which ensure rotation during removal of the pressed iron adhering to the rolls, and a fastening part that provides support for the scraper part.

The scraper portions of the scraper rollers are preferably separated from each other.

The outer surface of the scraper parts may have concave and protruding portions converging into each other.

The surface of the rolls may have several concave sections, and the concave sections of the rolls are opposite the protruding sections of the scraper rollers.

The distance between the roll and the corresponding scraper installed along the rolls is preferably in the range of 3 mm to 5 mm.

Each scraper mounted along the rolls may include a rotor mounted along the rolls so that it is connected to the inner sides of the roll housing, and two mounting blocks for mounting both ends of the rotor. Several scraper rollers can be mounted on the rotor.

Each scraper installed along the rolls may also include a sleeve inserted between each scraper roller and rotor, covers to prevent the scrapers and bushings from falling out, a stopper to fix each cover to the rotor, and a fastener for attaching each mounting block to the roll housing.

A plant for the production of molten iron may contain the above-described device for the production of pressed iron, a crusher for grinding pressed iron discharged from the device for producing pressed iron, and a gas-generating melting furnace into which pressed iron is loaded and then melted.

Lump coal and / or coal briquettes can be loaded into a gas generating smelting furnace.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of examples of implementation of the invention, given below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 depicts a perspective view of a device for the production of compressed iron in accordance with the first form of implementation of the present invention.

Figure 2 depicts a section along the line II-II in figure 1.

Figure 3 depicts a section along the line III-III in figure 1.

Figure 4 depicts a schematic perspective view of a feed box used in a device for the production of compressed iron in accordance with the first form of implementation of the present invention.

Figure 5 depicts a schematic perspective view of a guide pipe used in a device for the production of compressed iron in accordance with the first form of implementation of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a guide pipe used in a compressed iron manufacturing apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig.7 depicts the relative position of the screw feeders, guide tubes and rolls used in the device for the production of compressed iron in accordance with the first form of implementation of the present invention.

Figa and 8B depict the distribution of recovered materials coming from the space between the screw feeders on the rolls in accordance with the present invention and the prior art, respectively.

Figa and 9B depict the distribution of the recovered materials coming from the bottom of the screw feeders to the rolls in accordance with the present invention and the prior art, respectively.

Figure 10 depicts a section along the line XX in figure 2.

11 depicts an exploded view in perspective view of the scrapers for the loading hopper used in the device for the production of compressed iron in accordance with the first form of implementation of the present invention.

12 schematically depicts a roll scraper used in an apparatus for producing pressed iron in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of a roll scraper used in a compressed iron manufacturing apparatus in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig.14 depicts a sectional view of the scraper shown in Fig.13.

Figa and 15B schematically explain the operation of the scrapers for cleaning rolls.

Fig. 16 depicts a plant for the production of molten iron, equipped with a device for the production of pressed iron in accordance with the first form of implementation of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following is a description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious, however, that the invention can be implemented in various modifications and is not limited to the examples described below.

Examples of the invention are explained with reference to figures 1-16. The following examples are used to illustrate, and the present invention is not limited to only these examples.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device 100 for the production of compressed iron, containing a loading hopper 10 and a pair of rolls 20. At the ends of the rolls 20 are fixed gears, due to which there is mutual engagement and joint rotation of the rolls 20. The design of the device for the production of pressed iron, shown in Fig. .1 is used as an illustration, and the present invention is not limited to this example only. Therefore, this device for the production of compressed iron can be implemented in other forms.

Reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron are loaded into the feed hopper 10 through an opening 16 located in the central part of the hopper in the direction indicated by arrow A ′, as shown in FIG. Iron ore is used as a raw material for the production of reduced materials. The recovered materials containing finely divided reduced iron also contain sintered additives, and the reduction of materials occurs when they are passed through multistage fluidized bed reactors. Other methods may be used to produce reduced materials fed to the feed hopper 10. In the upper part of the feed hopper 10 there are ventilation openings 14 through which gas generated by the hot reduced materials is released.

The loading hopper 10 comprises guide pipes 70 extending downward. Pipes 70 enter a feed box 30 located below. The feed box 30 is adjacent to the side plates 80 (shown in FIG. 2), which are overlapped by pipes 70 along the axes of the rolls 20 (along the Y axis).

In the feed hopper 10, screw feeders 12 are installed along the roll axes 20 (along the Y axis). Due to this, reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron are uniformly fed to the rolls 20 along a pair of rolls. Screw feeders 12 unload the restored materials loaded into the loading hopper 10 into the gap between the rollers 20. In this case, the gap refers to the space in the longitudinal direction between the rollers 20. Screws 122 (shown in figure 2) mounted on the lower ends of the screw feeders 12, when the engine (not shown) is rotated, reduced materials are collected that are accumulated in the lower parts of the screw feeders 12, down, using gravity. The engine is mounted on the upper ends of the screw feeders 12.

The rollers 20 are installed in the housing 24. The rollers 20 compact the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron discharged by screw feeders 12, thereby producing pressed iron. Each of the pair of rolls 20 comprises a roll body 202 (shown in FIG. 3) and a band 204 (shown in FIG. 3) surrounding the body 202. Covers 26 are attached to both ends of the rolls 20.

In Fig.2, the device for the production of compressed iron 100, shown in Fig.1, is shown in section.

Reconstituted materials containing finely divided reduced iron are fed via screw feeders 12 to the guide box 30 through pipes 70. A feed box 30, mounted under the loading hopper 10, supplies recovered materials containing finely divided reduced iron to the rolls 20.

Since the screw feeders 12 form an acute angle with the vertical, this simplifies the loading of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron into the central part between the rolls. Since the central sections of the screw feeders 12 are inclined in the direction of the central part between the rollers 20, the recovered materials can easily be loaded into the central part between the rollers 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the extensions of the central axes of the screw feeders 12 intersect on a line through the center of the gap G pairs of rolls 20. As a result, the outward recovery of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron decreases, and the compaction coefficient increases.

The angle γ between the central axis of each screw feeder 12 and the vertical is preferably in the range of 7 to 9 °. When the angle γ is less than 7 °, the supply of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron to the central part between the rollers 20 is difficult, since the direction of the central axis of each screw feeder 12 almost coincides with the vertical direction. In addition, since a large number of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron will be carried out under the influence of gas, their compaction in the central section between the rollers 20 will become impossible. If the angle γ is more than 9 °, the reduced materials will accumulate only in the central section between the rollers 20, causing their overload.

Compressed iron of the best quality can be produced if the angle γ between the central axis of each screw feeder 12 and the vertical is 8 °. In this case, 8 ° means both the exact value and close to it.

Each screw feeder 12 has one or more scrapers 18 for a feed hopper. Under the scraper 18 for the feed hopper is meant a scraper installed in the feed hopper 10. The scrapers 18 remove the recovered materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inner wall 102 of the feed hopper 10. Although two scrapers 18 are shown in FIG. 2, this example is used by way of illustration only, and the present invention is not limited to this example. Several scrapers 18 can also be installed.

Both ends of the scraper surface of each scraper 18 are bent and fixedly connected to the screw feeders 12. In this case, since both ends of the scraper surface are bent, its corner sections do not form an angle. As a result of this, it is possible to reduce the working resistance when the scrapers 18 come into contact with reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron.

The scraper surface 180 (shown in FIG. 10) of the scraper 18 is located at a constant length along the inner wall 102 of the loading hopper 10. The scraper surface is located along the inner wall 102 of the loading hopper 10. Due to this, hot reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering onto the inner wall 102 of the loading hopper 10, can be easily removed due to the larger area of the scraper surface facing the inner wall 102 of the loading hopper 10. In addition, the scraper surface is separated from the screw feeder 12 so that there is free space between them. The recovered materials pass through this space, thereby reducing the load on the screw feeders 12 during rotation.

The scraper 18 can also be installed to clean the inclined surface 104 of the inner wall 102 of the loading hopper 10. In this case, the sections h ₃ and h ₄ , bent from both ends of the scraper surface to the surface of the screw feeder 12, are not the same. Accordingly, the scraper 18 is not in contact with the inclined surface 104 of the loading hopper 10, which ensures the effective removal of hot reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inclined surface 104.

Since the inner radius of the loading hopper 10 is reduced above the screws 122, in order to ensure efficient unloading of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, an inclined surface 104 is made in the loading hopper 10. Therefore, scrapers 18 having bent sections of different lengths should be installed above the screws 122.

The guide pipes 70 extend to the gap G. The length of the pipes 70 increases with distance from the center of the gap G. Due to this, in the production of a large amount of pressed iron, it is possible to prevent the outward passage of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron discharged from pipes 70. In particular, since the end parts 7131 of the pipes 70 are located on opposite sides from the center of the gap G along a line running in the direction of the axes of the rolls 20 (along the Y axis), the amount of recovered materials carried out can be reduced.

The end portion 7131 of each pipe 70, corresponding to its longest length, is included in the supply box 30. Due to this, it is possible to prevent the outward movement of the reduced materials discharged from the pipes 70.

In addition, each pipe 70 forms an acute angle with the vertical. Therefore, when the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron are fed to the rolls 20, they are evenly distributed along the length of the rolls. In this case, the reduced materials are smoothly discharged into the central part between the rollers 20, which ensures the production of high-quality pressed iron.

Since the pipes 70 are beveled relative to the horizontal, it is possible to prevent the outward passage of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron. The mowing angle is indicated by α in FIG. Preferably, the angle between the end surface 715 (shown in FIG. 5) of each pipe 70 and the horizontal is in the range of 20 to 35 °, i.e. so that the angle of inclination α ranged from 20 to 35 °.

If the angle α is less than 20 °, this makes it difficult to feed the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron to the center of the gap G. If the angle α is more than 35 °, then the lower volume of the feed box 30 increases. Since gas is trapped in the upper part of the lower volume, finely divided reduced iron can then easily be carried out.

The feed box 30 forms a convex space towards the bottom of the feed hopper 10. As a result, the feed box 30 can inhibit the reduced material layer containing finely divided reduced iron, thereby supplying the reduced material to the center of the gap G.

The angle of inclination β of the central part of the supply box 30 relative to the horizontal is the same as the angle of inclination α of the end surfaces of the pipes 70 relative to the horizontal. Namely, the angle of inclination β is equal to or almost equal to the angle of inclination α, which contributes to a uniform distribution of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron entering the gap G.

Figure 3 shows another section of a device for the production of compressed iron, shown in figure 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, since the extensions of the central axes of the screw feeders 12 pass through the gap G, the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron can be discharged into the gap G. The reduced materials entering the gap G are sealed with rolls 20 rotating in the directions indicated by arrows.

As shown in FIG. 3, pressed iron B formed by rolls 20 can constantly adhere to rolls 20. Pressed iron B is removed from the surfaces of rolls 20 by scrapers 90 mounted under rolls 20. Since scrapers 90 are mounted under rolls 20, pressed iron 80 adhering to the surface of the rolls 20 can be directly discharged through the outlet 28.

By scraper 90 is meant a scraper for rolls 20 mounted next to the rolls. The scrapers 90 are different from the above scrapers 18 (shown in FIG. 2). Each scraper 90 can be installed next to each of the pair of rolls 20.

In a circle, FIG. 3 shows an enlarged sectional view of the structure of a scraper 90 for rolls. As shown in FIG. 3, each scraper 90 is supported by a support 92, which is mounted inside the roll housing 24. As shown in the circle of FIG. 3, each scraper 90 comprises a first surface 901 and a second surface 903. The first surface 901 interacts with the removable compressed iron, and the second surface faces the surface of the roll 20. The first surface 901 forms an acute angle δ with the second surface 903 The part of the surface corresponding to the acute angle δ forms a sharp protrusion. Compressed iron adhering to the surface of the rolls 20 is removed from the rolls 20 by means of sections corresponding to an acute angle δ. As a result, the compressed iron B can be easily removed from the rolls 20.

The acute angle δ formed by the first surface 901 and the second surface 903 is preferably in the range of 30 to 60 °. If the acute angle δ is less than 30 °, then the section corresponding to the acute angle δ is too sharp, so the pressed iron B removed from the rolls 20 will stick to the first surface 901 of the scraper 90 and continue to move in the horizontal direction. As a result, the pressed iron B cannot be discharged through the outlet 28. If the acute angle δ is more than 60 °, then the pressed iron will be poorly removed from the rolls 20, since the angle will not be sharp enough.

The distance d ₁ between each scraper 90 and each roll 20 is preferably not greater than the distance between the pair of rolls 20, i.e. the gap width G. Due to the distance between the scrapers 90 and the rolls 20, the scrapers 90 do not interfere with the movement of the rolls 20. Compressed iron adhering to the rolls 20 can be easily removed with appropriate adjustment of the distance d ₁ .

The distance d _{1 is} preferably in the range of 2 to 4 mm. The separation distance d ₁ can be adjusted by changing the height of the bearings 92 mounted on the housing 24 of the rolls. If the dividing distance d _{1 is} less than 2 mm, then the scrapers 90 can cling to the rolls 20 due to vibrations arising from the operation of the device 100 for the production of compressed iron. If the separation distance d _{1 is} more than 4 mm, then the pressed iron adhering to the rolls 20 will be difficult to remove due to the too large separation distance.

The feed box 30 forms a convex space towards the bottom of the feed hopper 10. Due to the space in the feed box 30 in which the recovered materials containing finely divided reduced iron are retained, they can be easily fed into the central part between the rolls 20. The recovered materials are fed into the feed box 30 and sealed in it.

The lower surface 36 of the feed box 30 is facing the surface of the rolls 20. The lower surface 36 of the feed box 30 is at a predetermined distance from the rolls 20. The lower surface 36 is located in the central part of the feed box 30. This prevents outward recovery of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, caused by the rotation of the rolls 20. On the lower surface 36 there are several protruding sections 361 located along the rollers 20. These protruding sections 361 prevent outward reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron.

Figure 4 presents in more detail the design of the feed box 30. Under the feed box 30 is meant an element located above a pair of rolls 20 and forming a tightly enclosed space between the pair of rolls 20.

As shown in FIG. 4, the supply box 30 comprises a central part and peripheral parts. The central part is convex in the direction of the loading hopper and has slopes. The peripheral parts are connected to both ends of the central part. In the central part are the inlet 341 and the outlet 343 of the cooling channel. Through-holes 32 are also provided in the central part, into which guide tubes are inserted. In the peripheral parts, openings 37 are made in which side plates are inserted. In addition, in the peripheral parts made holes for bolts 35 fasteners and slots 39 to adjust the level.

The support parts 31 protrude in the direction of the lower surface of the supply box 30. The support parts 31, on which the ends of the rolls 20 are located on both sides, serve as supports for the rolls 20 during their rotation. As a consequence, the position of the rolls 20 during rotation remains unchanged and provides a constant position of their axes.

In the supply box 30, a cooling channel 34 is made, which covers the through holes 32. Cooling water passes through the cooling channel 34. This water cools the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron entering the feed box 30, thereby preventing thermal deformation of the feed box 30. Although the reduced materials containing direct reduced iron are concentrated in the lower volume 38 of the feed box 30, the thermal deformation of the feed box 30 can be thus prevented. By preventing thermal deformation, it is also possible to prevent the outward passage of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron. In particular, thermal deformation decreases when the cooling channel 34 is located in the central portion of the supply box 30. The inlet 341 and the outlet 343 of the cooling channel are formed in the supply box 30 between the guide tubes. Due to the rapid circulation of cooling water in the central section of the supply box 30, a smooth cooling of this section having a high temperature takes place.

5 schematically shows a guide tube 70 used in a device for producing pressed iron in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. The pipe structure 70 shown in FIG. 5 is used only to illustrate the present invention, and the invention is not limited to this example only. In the circle depicted on the left in FIG. 5, an enlarged view is a section through a pipe 70 having an edge 711 corresponding to the minimum length of the pipe 70, and an edge 713 corresponding to the maximum length of the pipe 70. In the right circle in FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view bottom end of pipe 715 70.

Since the pipe 70 is made with an inclination, its end face has an oval shape, which ensures smooth discharge of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron. Therefore, when using pipes 70 in a device for producing pressed iron, reduced materials can be smoothly discharged into the gap, since the pipes 70 cover this gap.

As shown in the right circle in FIG. 5, a stepped portion may be formed on the outer surface of the pipes 70. The stepped portion overlaps the side plate 80 (shown in FIG. 2). Due to this, the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron remain in the volume between the pipes 70 and the side plates 80, thereby preventing their removal to the outside.

As shown in the left circle in FIG. 5, an inclination angle ε is formed between the edge 713 corresponding to the maximum length of the pipe 70 and the edge 711 corresponding to the minimum length of the pipe 70. The angle of inclination ε is preferably in the range of 15 to 30 °. If this angle of inclination is less than 15 °, it is insufficient to prevent the recovery of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, even if the pipe 70 is installed with an inclination. If this angle is greater than 30 °, then the internal volume of the feed box increases, as a result of which the recovered materials can be carried out under the influence of the trapped gas.

Below are the calculations associated with the choice of the angle of inclination ε. If the inner diameter of the pipe 70 is designated as 2 r, and the difference between the lengths of the edge 713 corresponding to the maximum length of the pipe 70 and the edge 711 corresponding to the minimum length of the pipe 70 is designated as h ₁ , then the ratio between 2 r and h ₁ will be determined by the formula

In this case, ε denotes the angle of inclination between the edge corresponding to the maximum length of the pipe and the edge corresponding to the minimum length of the pipe, h ₁ denotes the difference of these lengths and r denotes the inner diameter of the pipe.

If formula 1 is transformed, then h ₁ = 2rtgε. Since ε is in the range from 15 to 30 °, h ₁ is in the range of 2 r tg15 ° to 2 r tg30 °, i.e. h ₁ ranges from 0.54 r to 1.15 r.

6 shows a guide tube 75 used in a device for producing pressed iron in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, refrigerant flows through pipe 75. Since hot reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron pass through the pipe 75, it is possible to deform the pipe 75. Therefore, refrigerant is passed through the pipe 75 to cool the pipe 75 and prevent its thermal deformation. As the refrigerant, you can use water, nitrogen and the like. For safety reasons, it is advisable to use nitrogen as a refrigerant.

As shown in Fig.6, the pipe 75 is made with an increase in its diameter in the direction of discharge of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron. Namely, the inner diameter D _{2 of the} outlet of the pipe 75 is larger than the inner diameter D _{1 of} its inlet. The pipe 75 has the shape of a cone, which provides a smooth through passage of the reduced materials from the upper part of the pipe 75 to its lower part.

If the maximum length of the pipe 75 is designated as h ₂ , then the ratio of the maximum length h _{2 of the} pipe 75 to the difference between the inner diameter D _{1 of the} inlet of the pipe 75 and the inner diameter D _{2 of the} outlet of the pipe 75 should preferably be in the range of 75 to 100. If this ratio less than 75, then this design is difficult to apply in the device for the production of compressed iron, since the difference between the inner diameter D _{1 of the} inlet of the pipe 75 and the inner diameter D _{2 of the} outlet of the pipe 75 is too large. If this ratio is more than 100, then it is impossible to provide a smooth discharge of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, since the inner diameter D _{1 of the} inlet of the pipe 75 becomes almost the same as the inner diameter D _{2 of the} outlet of the pipe.

The pipe 75 comprises an inner pipe 751, an outer pipe 753 and a flange 755. In addition, the guide pipe may contain other elements. Reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron pass through the inner pipe 751. The outer pipe 753 surrounds the inner pipe 751. The flange 755 surrounding the upper part of the outer pipe 753 is connected to a loading hopper 10 located on top. The flange 755 closes the space between the feed hopper 10 and the pipe 75, thereby preventing the recovery of the recovered materials.

Between the inner pipe 751 and the outer pipe 753 of the guide pipe, refrigerant flows. Since the inner pipe 751 is closely adjacent to the outer pipe 753, the risk of refrigerant leakage is eliminated. A spiral groove 7531 is provided on the outer pipe 753. A spiral groove 7531 connects the refrigerant inlet 758 to its outlet 759. The flow of refrigerant along the spiral groove 7531 provides smooth cooling of the pipe 75. The cross section of the spiral groove 7531 can be made semicircular, which facilitates the manufacture of pipe 75.

7 shows the relative position of the pipes 70 and the axes 22 of the rolls 20. In addition, FIG. 7 also shows the relative position of the screw feeders 12 and the axes 22 of the rolls 20. As shown in FIG. 7, the plane D passing through the edges of the pipes 70 corresponding to the maximum and minimum pipe lengths 70, intersects the plane C, in which lie the axis 22 of the pair of rolls 20.

Preferably, the angle ζ formed when the plane C intersects the plane D is straight, i.e. the angle ζ was a right or almost right angle. The central axes of the screw feeders 12 also lie in the plane D. Therefore, the relative position of the central axes of the screw feeders 12 and the axes 22 of the rolls will be the same. Since plane C and plane D intersect with each other at almost a right angle, the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron smoothly flow from the pipes 70 and screw feeders 12 into the gap G, which ensures good quality of the pressed iron produced.

On figa and 8B shows the distribution during loading of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, respectively, in accordance with the present invention and in accordance with the prior art. On figa and 8B shows the reduced materials containing finely divided iron, which are located between the screw feeders and fed to the rolls. In accordance with the present invention (FIG. 8A), screw feeders are installed with an inclination, while in accordance with the prior art (FIG. 8B), they are mounted vertically.

Since, in accordance with the invention, the screw feeders are installed with a slope, the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron are concentrated and fed into the central part between the rollers 20 (Fig. 8A). Due to the fact that the recovered materials are loaded at an angle, the necessary regulation of the amount of materials loaded into the central part between the rollers is provided. Therefore, the amount of recovered materials loaded onto a pair of rolls is almost the same along the length of the rolls. Due to this, you can use a large number of recovered materials and ensure the production of pressed iron of good quality.

Conversely, in accordance with the prior art, reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron are loaded vertically, while the amount of reduced materials between the screw feeders is insufficient (FIG. 8B). As a result of this, pressed iron of poor quality is produced, for example, with a split in the middle part. When grinding such pressed iron, a large amount of dust is formed.

On figa and 9B shows the distribution during loading of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, respectively, in accordance with the present invention and in accordance with the prior art. On figa and 9B shows the recovered materials, which are placed directly under the screw feeders and fed to the roll. In accordance with the present invention (FIG. 9A), the screw feeders are installed with a slope, while in accordance with the prior art (FIG. 9B) they are mounted vertically.

Since, in accordance with the present invention, screw feeders are installed with an inclination, the volume for retaining reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron is increased (FIG. 9A). A large number of recovered materials can be fed to the rolls, which ensures the production of high-quality compressed iron.

Conversely, in accordance with the prior art, the volume between the screw feeders and the rolls is insufficient (Fig. 9B), since the screw feeders are arranged vertically, which leads to a decrease in the volume for retaining reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron. Accordingly, due to the reduction in the amount of reduced materials fed to the rolls, it is not possible to obtain pressed iron of good quality. In addition, since the volume to retain the recovered materials is insufficient, screw feeders are jammed and they fail.

Figure 10 shows the internal structure of the feed hopper 10 in which the screw feeders 12 are installed. As shown in figure 10, two or more scrapers 18 for the feed hopper are mounted alternately in opposite directions on the screw feeders 12. Each screw feeder 12 is located between the scrapers 18, which ensures the necessary mechanical balancing of the screw feeders 12.

When removing reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the feed hopper 10, screw feeders 12 rotate in the directions shown by arrows. When moving the scraper surface 180, the efficient removal of recovered materials adhering to the loading hopper 10 is carried out, which prevents them from blocking the loading hopper 10.

In Fig.11 shows an exploded view of a screw feeder with scrapers 18, shown in Fig.10. The scrapers 18 are connected to the screw feeders 12 screws.

Each scraper 18 comprises a scraper element 184 and two support elements 186. In addition, the scraper 18 may, if necessary, contain other elements. The scraper element 184 removes reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inner wall 102 of the feed hopper 10. The support elements 186 are respectively connected to both ends of the scraper element 184 and secured to the screw feeder 12.

The scraper element 184 comprises a scraper surface. The scraper surface is located at a predetermined distance from the inner wall of the feed hopper. Both ends of the scraper surface are curved. The scraper element 184 is bent from the scraper surface and connected to the supporting elements 186. Both ends of the scraper element 184 are bent and recesses are made on them. Consequently, the support elements and the scraper element 184 can be easily connected by inserting the support elements 186 into the recesses. At the end of the supporting elements 186 a helical groove is made. Each support element 186 passes through a screw feeder 12 and is attached to it by a nut 188.

In the circle of FIG. 11, an enlarged view is a section along the XI-XI line of the scraper surface of the scraper element 184. In the indicated circle, a top view of the scraper element 184 is shown. At least one of the sides 1845 of the scraper surface is inclined in the direction of rotation of the screw feeder 12 Although in the circle of FIG. 11 both sides are slanted, this example is only to illustrate the invention, and the present invention is not limited to this example only. Thus, at least one of the two sides 1845 of the scraper surface can be tilted in the direction of rotation of the screw feeder 12. When the screw feeder is rotated in the direction of the arrow, the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron can be easily removed.

If it is necessary to remove reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inclined wall of the feed hopper, the design of the scraper 18 can be modified. Both ends of the scraper surface of the scraper 18 installed in the lower part of the screw feeder 12 can be bent and connected to a pair of support elements 186 so that the lengths h ₃ and h _{4 of the} bent sections that connect to the pair of support elements 186 have different values.

The supporting elements 186 comprise a first supporting element 1862 and a second supporting element 1864. The first supporting element 1862 and the second supporting element 1864 are attached to the screw feeders 12. The second supporting element 1864 is located under the first supporting element 1862. The bent portion h _{3 of the} end of the scraper surface connected to the first support element 1862, longer than the bent portion h _{4 of the} end of the scraper surface connected to the second support element 1864. Accordingly, the scraper surface is inclined towards the bottom of the inner Enki loading hopper. Due to this, reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron can be easily removed without touching the inner wall of the feed hopper.

In Fig.12 shows in more detail the scraper 90 shown in Fig.3. The scraper 90 is mounted so as to connect to the inner walls of the roll housing 24. 12, for convenience, the rolls 20 and the roll housing 24 are shown in dashed lines.

As shown in FIG. 12, a scraper 90 is mounted along the rolls 20 (along the Y axis). A scraper 90 is mounted on a scraper support 92. The scraper 90 is firmly attached to the support 92 with screws 94 and bolts 96. The scraper 90 can also be attached to the support 92 by welding. Due to the strong attachment of the scraper 90 to the support 92, a constant distance between the scraper 90 and the roll 20 is ensured even when the device vibrates during the production of pressed iron.

13 shows an exploded view of another scraper, namely, a scraper 95 for rolls, used in a device for producing pressed iron in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. The scraper 95 is also set so that it connects to the inner walls of the roll housing. Thus, the scraper 95 is elongated along the rotor 953.

As shown in FIG. 13, the scraper 95 comprises scraper rollers 951, a rotor 953 and mounting blocks 955. In addition, the scraper 95 includes bushings 952, stoppers 957, covers 956 and base elements 959. Although two scraper rollers are shown in FIG. 13, this example is only for illustrating the invention, and the present invention is not limited to this example only. You can install multiple scraper rollers 951.

The rotor 953 has the shape of a cylindrical rod, and a scraper 95 is mounted on it. Scraper rollers 951, bushings 952 and covers 956 are assembled on the rotor 953. The stops 957 are mounted on the covers 956 with bolts 9571 to ensure their fixation. The stops 957 are pressed against the rotor 953 and the scraper rollers 951, the bushings 952 and the covers 956 are fixed. The rotor 953 is fixed in the fixing blocks 955, which are attached to the base elements 959 with bolts 9551 and nuts 9553.

Each scraper roller 951 comprises a scraper part 9511 and a fastening part 9513. The scraper part is made on the fastening part 9513. The fastening part 9513 is in the form of a cylinder and combines with the sleeve 952. The scraper part 9511, being connected to the roller, rotates and thus removes the pressed iron, adhering to the roll.

The scraper roller 951 idles, being fixed on the sleeve 952. The sleeve 952 is installed between the rotor 953 and the scraper roller 951, which ensures smooth rotation of the scraper roller 951. The sleeve 952 has the shape of a cylinder. The T-shaped base element 959 is welded to the roll housing, which provides a solid mount for the rotor 953.

On Fig shows a view in section of the scrapers 95 installed in the device 100 for the production of compressed iron. As shown in FIG. 14, five scraper rollers 951 are mounted without gaps on one scraper 95.

By using the five scraper rollers 951, as shown in FIG. 14, it is possible to easily remove the pressed iron adhering to the roll 20. Since the scraper rollers 951 are firmly fixed by the mounting blocks 955, they function quite well even if the roll 20 rotates at high speed.

The following is an explanation of the operating principle of the scraper 95 with reference to FIGS. 15A and 15B.

On figa shows the state when the pressed iron, adhering to the roller 20, is crushed in a collision with the scraper 95. The roller 20 rotates clockwise, while the scraper 95 rotates counterclockwise. As shown in FIG. 15A, the compressed iron B collides and collides with the scraper 95 and falls off the roll 20. This prevents the compressed iron B from sticking to the roll 20 and rotating the adhered iron together with the roll.

As shown in FIG. 15A, a plurality of concave sections 9511b and protruding sections 9511a are formed on the outer surface of the scraper roller 951 of the scraper 95. Concave sections 9511b and protruding sections 9511a cut off the pressed iron B and remove it from the roll 20.

A plurality of concave portions 2041 are made on the surface of the roll 20, which face the protruding sections 9511 of the scraper roller 951. The roll 20 and the scraper roller 951 thus act as rails and gears, thereby preventing the compacted iron from sticking to the roll 20.

As shown in FIG. 15A, the distance d2 between the scraper 95 and the roll 20 is preferably in the range of 3 to 5 mm. If the distance d ₂ between the scraper 95 and the roll 20 is less than 3 mm, then there is the possibility of their contact with each other, since the distance d ₂ will be too small. If the distance d ₂ between the scraper 95 and the roll 20 is more than 5 mm, the removal of solid metal B from the roll 20 will be difficult, since the distance d ₂ between them will become too large.

On figv shows the situation when the pressed iron, adhering to the roller 20, falls between the roller 20 and the scraper 95, is crushed and then falls. As shown in FIG. 15B, since the roll 20 and the scraper 95 rotate together during crushing of the pressed iron B, this prevents the pressed iron from sticking to the roll 20.

On Fig shows the installation 200 for the production of molten iron, including a device 100 for the production of pressed iron in accordance with the first form of implementation of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 16, a molten iron production apparatus 200 including a compressed iron production apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is used only to illustrate the present invention, and the invention is not limited to this example. A plant 200 for the production of molten iron may include devices for the production of compressed iron in accordance with the second and third forms of implementation of the present invention.

The molten iron production apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 16 comprises a compressed iron production apparatus 100, a crusher 40 and a gas-generating melting furnace 60. The crusher 40 crushes the compressed iron discharged from the device 100. The pressed iron that is crushed in the crusher 40 is charged into a gas-generating melting furnace and melts in it.

The installation may also contain a storage hopper 50 for temporary storage of iron, which is crushed in the crusher 40. A detailed description of the crusher 40 and the gas-generating melting furnace 60 is not given, as they are well known.

Lump coal and / or coal briquettes are loaded into a gas generator smelter 60. By lump coal is meant coal with a grain size of more than 8 mm, which is delivered from the area of its extraction. Coal briquettes are produced from coal having a grain size of 8 mm or less, which is delivered from the mining area, subjected to fine grinding and then molded using a press.

When lump coal or coal briquettes are loaded into a gas-generating melting furnace 60, a coal layer is formed. Oxygen is supplied to the gas-generating melting furnace 60, after which pressed iron is melted. The molten metal is released through the tap hole. In this way, good quality molten iron is obtained.

Due to the construction described above, made in accordance with the present invention, a device for the production of pressed iron can be used for its production from a large number of reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron. In addition, since the plant for the production of molten iron includes the proposed device for the production of pressed iron, it is possible to ensure the production of molten iron of good quality.

Although the invention is illustrated and described above with reference to the given examples of implementation, it is obvious the possibility of various changes to the above structures and details, not contradicting the essence and scope of the invention defined in the attached claims.

Claims (64)

1. A device for the production of compressed iron, containing a loading hopper for loading restored materials containing finely divided reduced iron, screw feeders installed inside the loading hopper and forming an acute angle with a vertical, unloading the restored materials from the loading hopper, and a pair of rolls installed with the gap between them, sealing the recovered materials, discharged from the hopper by screw feeders, with obtaining pressed iron, excellent yuscheesya in that the screw feeders are installed next to each other along axes of the rolls so that the continuation of the central axes of the screw feeders pass through the nip between the rolls with the intersection. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane in which the central axes of the screw feeders lie crosses the plane in which the roll axes lie at right angles. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the Central axis of each screw feeder and the vertical is in the range from 7 to 9 °. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the angle between the central axis of each screw feeder and the vertical is 8 °. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuation of the central axes of the screw feeders intersect on a vertical line that passes through the center of the gap between the rollers. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of recovered materials containing finely divided reduced iron, which are fed to the rolls, is the same along the length of the rolls. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper is designed to load recovered materials containing additives. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a feed box mounted under the feed hopper, which feeds the restored materials to the rolls and forms a convex space under the feed hopper, facing the feed box. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that guide tubes are inserted into the feed box. 10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the supply box contains an inclined Central part, which forms a bulge in the direction of the loading hopper, and peripheral parts connected to each end of the Central part. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the Central part of the supply box relative to the horizontal is the same as the angle of inclination of the end surfaces of the guide tubes relative to the horizontal. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the lower surface of the Central part of the feed box is facing the surface of the rolls. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the lower surface of the Central part of the feed box has several protruding sections located along the rolls. 14. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that on both sides of the rolls there are supporting parts, on which the rolls are supported during rotation and which protrude from the side of the lower surface of the feed box. 15. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that a cooling channel is made in the supply box, which covers through holes for installing the guide pipes. 16. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the inlet and outlet openings of the cooling channel are made in the supply box between the guide tubes. 17. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the recovered materials containing finely divided reduced iron, enter the tightly closed feed box. 18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed hopper contains guide tubes extending into the gap between the rollers, with the end part of each of the guide tubes corresponding to its maximum length protruding into the feed box. 19. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper contains guide tubes extending to the gap between the rolls and made with an inclination relative to the vertical, while the end parts of the pipes are located on different sides from the center of the gap in the direction of the axes of the rolls. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the ends of the guide tubes are oval. 21. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the guide tubes are made elongate as they move away from the center of the gap. 22. The device according to item 21, characterized in that on the outer surface of the guide pipes made stepped section. 23. The device according to item 21, characterized in that the difference between the maximum and minimum lengths of the guide pipes is in the range from 0.54 to 1.15 r, where r is the inner radius of the guide pipe. 24. The device according to item 21, wherein the plane passing through the edges of the guide tubes corresponding to their maximum and minimum lengths is essentially perpendicular to the plane in which the axis of the rolls lie. 25. The device according to item 21, wherein the angle between the end surface of each guide pipe and the horizontal is in the range from 20 to 35 °. 26. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the refrigerant passes through the guide pipes. 27. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the inner radius of the guide tubes increases in the direction of unloading of the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron. 28. The device according to item 27, wherein the ratio of the maximum length of the guide tubes to the difference between the inner radius of the inlet of the guide tubes and the inner radius of the outlet of the guide tubes is in the range from 75 to 100. 29. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that each guide tube contains an inner pipe through which reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron pass, and an outer pipe covering the inner pipe. 30. The device according to clause 29, wherein a refrigerant passes between the inner and outer guide tubes. 31. The device according to p. 30, characterized in that on the outer pipe of the guide pipe from the side of its inner pipe is made of a spiral groove through which the refrigerant passes. 32. The device according to p, characterized in that the spiral grooves have a semicircular cross section. 33. The device according to p. 30, characterized in that the refrigerant is nitrogen. 34. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more scrapers are installed on each screw feeder to remove recovered materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inner wall of the feed hopper. 35. The device according to clause 34, wherein the scraper surface of the scrapers extends along the inner wall of the feed hopper at a constant distance from it. 36. The device according to clause 35, wherein a gap is formed between the scraper surface located at a distance from the screw feeder and the screw feeder. 37. The device according to clause 35, wherein both ends of the scraper surface are bent and rigidly connected to a screw feeder. 38. The device according to clause 37, wherein both ends of the scraper surface are bent along a curve. 39. The device according to p. 35, characterized in that at least one of the two sides of the scraper surface is preferably made with an inclination in the direction of rotation of the screw feeder. 40. The device according to clause 37, wherein the bent sections of the scraper that removes the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron and adhering to the inclined surface of the inner wall of the feed hopper, which are bent from both ends of the scraper surfaces and extend towards the surfaces of the screw feeders, are made uneven. 41. The device according to p. 40, characterized in that a screw is installed on the lower portion of the central axis of each screw feeder, and a scraper having uneven bent sections is mounted directly above the upper portion of the screw. 42. The device according to clause 34, wherein each scraper contains a scraper element that removes reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, adhering to the inner wall of the hopper, and two support elements connected to both ends of the scraper element and mounted on a screw feeder . 43. The device according to § 42, wherein the support elements are screws mounted on a screw feeder. 44. The device according to § 42, wherein the scraper element contains a scraper surface that removes reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron adhering to the inner wall of the feed hopper, while the scraper element is bent from the scraper surface and connected to the support element. 45. The device according to item 44, wherein the bent sections of the scraper that removes the reduced materials containing finely divided reduced iron, adhering to the inclined surface of the inner wall of the feed hopper, which are bent from the ends of the scraper surfaces and connected to the supporting elements, are made different. 46. The device according to item 45, wherein the scraper contains a first support part mounted on a screw feeder, and a second support part located under the first support part and mounted on a screw feeder, while the bent section connected to the first support element, longer than the bent portion connected to the second support element. 47. The device according to clause 34, wherein two or more scrapers are installed along each screw feeder. 48. The device according to clause 47, wherein said two or more scrapers are mounted alternately in opposite directions on the screw feeder, and the screw feeder is located between the scrapers. 49. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a housing covering the rolls and scrapers mounted along the rolls, connected to the inner sides of the roll housing and removing pressed iron adhering to the surface of the rolls, while the scrapers are installed without touching the rolls . 50. The device according to 49, characterized in that the scrapers are installed under the rolls. 51. The device according to 49, characterized in that the first surface of each scraper, interacting with the removed pressed iron, forms an acute angle with the second surface of the scraper facing the surface of the rolls. 52. The device according to paragraph 51, wherein the specified acute angle is in the range from 30 to 60 °. 53. The device according to 49, characterized in that the distance between each scraper and the rolls is less than or equal to the distance between the rolls. 54. The device according to item 53, wherein the distance between the scrapers and rolls is in the range from 2 to 4 mm. 55. The device according to p. 49, characterized in that each scraper contains scraper rollers associated with the rolls, providing during rotation the removal of pressed iron adhering to the rolls. 56. The device according to claim 55, characterized in that each scraper roller comprises scraper parts that, when rotated, provide removal of pressed iron adhering to the rolls, and a fastening part providing support for the scraper parts. 57. The device according to p. 56, characterized in that the scraper parts of the scraper rollers are separated from each other. 58. The device according to p. 56, characterized in that the outer surface of the scraper parts has a concave and protruding sections passing into each other. 59. The device according to p, characterized in that the surface of the rolls have several concave sections, and the concave sections of the rolls are opposite the protruding sections of the scraper rollers. 60. The device according to p. 55, characterized in that the distance between the rolls and the corresponding roll scrapers is in the range from 3 to 5 mm. 61. The device according to item 55, wherein each scraper further comprises a rotor mounted along the rolls with connection to the inner sides of the roll housing, and two mounting blocks for attaching both ends of the rotor, with several scraper rollers mounted on the rotor. 62. The device according to p. 61, characterized in that each scraper additionally contains a sleeve inserted between each scraper roller and the rotor, covers that prevent the scraper rollers and bushings from falling out, a stopper for fixing each cover on the rotor and a fastener for attaching each mounting block on the roll housing. 63. Installation for the production of molten iron, containing a device for the production of pressed iron according to claim 1, a crusher for grinding pressed iron discharged from the device for producing pressed iron, and a gas-melting furnace for melting the loaded crushed pressed iron. 64. The installation according to item 63, in which lump coal and / or coal briquettes are loaded into a gas-generating melting furnace.

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