RU2354459C2 - Shesterenko mouthpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to gas accelerating and gas transporting facilities and also it can be implemented as device for transporting fluids (gas fluids) and in many other branches of technology requiring gas accelerating. The invention can be implemented for cleaning air from particles of aerosol and sterilisation of air. Further it can be used for heating gas-fluid mixture and for transforming it into steam. The technical object of the invention is increased efficiency of gas cleaning from aerosol particles and expanding range of application of the device. This is achieved like follows: not less, than once either the mouthpiece or part of the mouthpiece are made in form or in structure not less, than out of two different metals or in form of a cathode and anode connected to electric power source and divided with a dielectric, or in form of one and another simultaneously. The technical result is increased effect of vacuum cracking and effect of various aerosols trapping owing to electric fields. Also the technical result consists in successful implementation of the invention in gas accelerating and gas transporting facilities due to increased effect of cracking; the invention can also be used as a device for transporting fluids (gas-fluids) via a pipeline.

EFFECT: technical effect consists in expanding range of application of device due to expanded and improved technological properties (for example, for trapping bacteria and viruses for express analysis or for super effective cleaning of gas and air).

10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of gas-dispersing and gas-transporting devices, and can also be used as devices for transporting liquids (gas-liquid) and in many other industries where it is necessary to disperse gas. It can be used to clean air from aerosol particles and to sterilize air. This device can also be used to heat a gas-liquid mixture and turn it into steam.

Prototypes

1. Known nozzles Shesterenko containing nozzles hermetically connected to each other, and each nozzle has a critical section no less than the flow-determining nozzle.

2. Known Shesterenko nozzles containing at least one Shesterenko nozzle, which is made of hermetically mounted nozzles, critical sections of which are not less than the smallest critical section of not the last nozzle in the direction of the gas-dynamic flow (aerosol gas of a gas-liquid mixture and a liquid that is in a vacuum cracking turns into a gas-liquid mixture), and still containing a rotation axis and a shoulder connecting the rotation axis with the Shesterenko nozzle, while the input section of the first nozzle in the direction of travel his body is located closer to all other parts of the nozzle to the axis of rotation.

3. Known Shesterenko nozzles containing nozzles hermetically connected to each other, the critical section of each of which is not less than the critical flow-determining section of the last nozzle, and at least one nozzle is coaxially inserted into the subsequent one with the formation of a cavity between them, and at least once, the last nozzle is ejectively communicated with the first nozzle of the Shesterenko nozzle subsequent to it, but whose flow-critical critical section is larger than that of the previous nozzle.

4. Known Shesterenko nozzles containing hermetically connected nozzles, the critical section of each of which is not less than the critical flow-determining section of the last nozzle, and at least one nozzle is coaxially inserted into the subsequent cavity to form between them, and at least once, the last nozzle is ejectively communicated with the first nozzle of the Shesterenko nozzle subsequent to it, but whose flow-critical critical section is larger than the previous nozzle, and the nozzle of the first nozzle, which is two in the direction of travel, is located closer to the axis of rotation, to which the bracket is connected (N.A. Shesterenko. “KNOW-HOW” for extracting energy from a physical vacuum. Christ is creating. Moscow, Friendship of Peoples. 2005. p. .42 and 43, fig. 12, 13, 14 and 15; p. 45, fig. 19; p. 88, fig. 1).

The disadvantage of prototypes is that they do not use the effect of a galvanic cell.

Analog 1

A device is known that contains supersonic nozzles hermetically connected to each other, and each subsequent supersonic nozzle has a critical section no less than the first nozzle along the gas.

(USSR author's certificate No. 1426642 entitled "Aerosol-concentrating nozzles", author N. A. Shesterenko)

The disadvantage of analogue 1 is that it does not use the effect of a galvanic cell.

Analog 2

A device is known that contains nozzles hermetically connected to each other, and each subsequent nozzle has a critical cross section not less than the previous nozzle

(USSR author's certificate No. 1242248 entitled "Aerosol-concentrating nozzles Shesterenko", author N. A. Shesterenko)

The disadvantage of analogue 2 is that it does not use the effect of a galvanic cell.

Analog 3

A device is known comprising supersonic nozzles hermetically connected to each other. These devices of at least one are installed one after another with progressive reduction with a gap between each other.

(USSR author's certificate No. 1388097 entitled "Aerosol concentrator", author N. A. Shesterenko)

The disadvantage of analogue 3 is that it does not use the effect of a galvanic cell.

The technical task is to increase the efficiency of gas purification from aerosol particles and expand the scope of the device.

The technical task is performed as follows:

1. Nozzle Shesterenko containing nozzles hermetically connected to each other, and each nozzle has a critical cross section no less than a flow-determining nozzle, characterized in that at least once or nozzles, or part of the nozzle or made, or made in the form or design not less than two different metals, either in the form of a cathode and anode connected to an electric source and separated by a dielectric, or in the form of both at the same time.

2. Nozzles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a slotted path.

3. Nozzles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the nozzles are made in the form of a projection on a plane.

4. Nozzles according to paragraph 3, characterized in that at least two nozzles limit the gap path formed by them.

5. Nozzles according to paragraph 2, characterized in that at least one nozzle is installed in it according to paragraph 3.

6. Nozzles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the nozzles are equipped with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

7. Nozzles according to paragraph 2, characterized in that the nozzles are equipped with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

8. Nozzles according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the nozzles are equipped with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

9. Nozzles according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the nozzles are provided with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

10. Nozzles according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the nozzles are equipped with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

The proposed nozzles are shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Figure 1 shows the nozzle containing the nozzle 1, 2, 3 and 4. The Laval nozzle 5, in communication with the gas duct 6, which is equipped with a compressor 7. The Laval nozzle 5 is installed with a gap on the nozzle 1 using the bracket. The nozzles 1, 2, 3 and 4 are mounted on top of each other using rubber gaskets 8, planes 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, rubber bushes 15, rubber washers 16, 17, bolts 18 and nuts 19. Rubber gaskets , bushings and washers made a conductive gap between the parts of the nozzle, which are made of various metals, providing a galvanic effect. The selection of these metals must be carried out so that in the direction of the gas-dynamic flow the donor of the negative charge is the first. Each nozzle has a critical section no less than a flow-determining nozzle, which can be nozzle 1 or nozzle 2. There is a cavity 20 between nozzles 1 and 2. There is a cavity 21 between nozzles 2 and 3. The nozzles 1, 2, 3, and 4 have critical sections 22, 23, 24 and 25, respectively. Nozzle 1 has an inlet section 26. Nozzle 2 has an outlet section 27, Nozzle 3 has an outlet section 28. Nozzle 4 has an outlet section 29. In FIG. 1, nozzle 1 is a tapering subsonic and nozzles 2, 3 and 4 are Laval nozzles.

Figure 2 shows the nozzles in which the nozzles 1, 2, 4 and 30 are made in the form of Laval nozzles, and the nozzle 3 is made in the form of a supersonic Shesterenko nozzle. The tight connection between the Shesterenko nozzle 3 and the Laval nozzle 4 is carried out in the form of a container 31 equipped with a sluice outlet of aerosol particles 32 (its detailed design is not shown). The supersonic nozzle Shesterenko has a convex visor 33. Rubber (dielectrics) seals 34, 35, 36 and 37, which are shown in detail in figure 1, made a conductive gap between the parts of the nozzle, to which this or that electric charge is connected (depending on technological problems )

Figure 3 shows the nozzle, which has an axis of rotation 38, which has a rotation drive (not shown). A frame 39 is attached to the axis of rotation 38, on which nozzles 1 and 2 are mounted. A bracket 40 is mounted on the nozzle 2, on which the nozzle 4 is mounted. The conductivity is interrupted by dielectrics 41, 42, 43 and 44. All metal structures in FIG. 3, as well as in other drawings, either completely manufactured, or have coatings of different metals on the inner surface. These metals are selected so that the electron donor is always the first in the direction of the gas-dynamic flow in the electromotive flow. Nozzles 4 and 30 in FIG. 3 are a second nozzle in which a critical section 25 is a flow-rate determination. The critical section 25 has a larger area than the critical flow-determining section 22.

Figure 4 shows the nozzle, in which the nozzle 2 has parts 45 and 46, made in the form of either a galvanic cell or its part, is a cathode and anode connected to an electric current source. Between parts 45 and 46, part 46 of nozzle 2 is installed, which has a critical section 23.

In all the drawings, the nozzles can have at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

The source of physical impact can be made in the form of a source of torsion field 54, or a source of various frequencies 55, or a source of magnetic field 56, or a source of laser radiation 57, or a source of plasma radiation 58 (conditionally open fire), etc.

The nozzles shown in all the drawings can be made in the form of bodies of revolution and can be made in the form of gap gas paths. In the latter case, all drawings should be considered as sections of nozzles.

A variant is possible when the nozzles are made in the form of a projection on a plane. This option can be used as an internal insert in a known prototype. It is possible to use this option when this projection limits the gap path formed by it or in the gap nozzles plays the role of jumpers and bounding planes (this option is not considered due to obviousness of execution).

It is possible that an ignition system (not shown) is connected to one of the nozzles. It is possible that the nozzles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 30 (discussed in FIG. 3) are either coaxial or have axes parallel to each other (this option is also not considered due to the obviousness of its execution).

The proposed nozzle works as follows.

In figure 1, the compressor 7 delivers a gas-dynamic flow (aerosol, gas-liquid mixture, oil, natural gases, etc.) to the Laval nozzle 5 under pressure, which provides supersonic flow velocity. Nozzle 1 and Laval nozzle 5 form an ejector pair. Through the inlet section 26, due to ejection into the nozzle 1, there is another gas-dynamic flow, which, having mixed before the critical cross-section 22 with the first gas-dynamic flow, passes through the critical cross-section 22 at a speed that is close to the sound, or sound, or supersonic, which creates in the cavity 20 rarefaction, which in nozzle 1 is guaranteed to provide a supersonic pressure drop, which, in turn, allows the gas-dynamic flow beyond critical section 22 to expand into a supersonic barrel (i.e., switch to supersonic speed). In section 22 itself, the flow velocity is equal to sound (if nozzle 1 is flow-determining). The critical sections 23, 24, and 25 in this case are larger than the critical section 22. Nozzles 2, 3, and 4 are made in the form of Laval nozzles with a geometry that ensures the passage of critical sections at supersonic speed. At the same time, a cracking of the gas-dynamic flow occurs behind the critical section with an increase in the gas volume and a change in the adiabatic index of the flow (or gas-dynamic flow components). This circumstance must be taken into account when choosing the ratios of critical sections. Due to ejection, the cavity 21 is evacuated and, in section 28, a part of the peripheral region, which, when the nozzle was launched, was outside the zone of gas-dynamic flow movement. As a result, the cracking effect is enhanced, and the gas accelerates to high speeds in Laval nozzles 2, 3, and 4.

All nozzles can be made of various metals, providing a galvanic effect.

The selection of these metals must be carried out during vacuum cracking so that in the direction of the gas-dynamic flow the donor of the negative charge is the first. All nozzles in figure 1 can be a cathode and anode connected to an electric source. A combination of nozzles made of different metals with the connection of nozzles to an electric source is possible, which is due to technological goals. The saturation by electrons of the flow in front of critical sections 22, 23, 24, and 25 gives a weakening of intermolecular bonds and promotes the breaking of large molecules. The attraction of 2, 3, and 4 electrons to the expanding part of the Laval nozzles with supersonic expansion of the flow and large inertial forces along the direction of motion enhances the further breakdown of the molecules. And all this enhances the effect of vacuum cracking. Such nozzles are well used in the preparation of finely dispersed mixtures in front of the combustion chamber in engines with liquid fuel or to obtain stable suspensions. If the nozzles are used for the concentration of aerosol particles, it is necessary to take into account the physical properties of the aerosol particles (different materials are charged with different electric charges during friction against air).

Figure 2 shows the nozzles that can be used to capture microbes and even viruses that, like living organisms, have a negative charge. In this embodiment, the nozzle 3 is made in the form of a supersonic Shesterenko nozzle, which should be an electron (negative charge) donor. Capacity 31 must be positively charged. Nozzles 4 and 4a should be donors of a negative charge. The gas flow, turning according to the Prantl-Mayer law, following the convex peak of the Shesterenko 3 supersonic nozzle, is freed from microbes and viruses under the action of inertial forces and an electric field. For other aerosols, their physical properties must be taken into account in order to correctly decide where and what electric fields need to be created.

Figure 3 shows the nozzles, which in my books are conditionally called TsUSHP (centrifugally mounted nozzles Shesterenko). When the axis rotates in the direction of the arrow, the gas-dynamic flow, passing through nozzle 1, accelerates to high speeds due to centrifugal forces. The ejected vacuum cavity 20 contributes to the creation of vacuum cracking. From the nozzle 3, the flow, creating an ejection effect in the nozzle 4, enters the critical section 25 together with another gas-dynamic flow (gas), which enters through the cross-section 28 from the outside. The galvanic cells in this case in the nozzles 1, 2 and 3 work similarly to the variant depicted in figure 1. If the nozzle 4 or 30 has an ignition system, and the fuel enters the nozzle 1, then we have an engine with a high degree of fuel combustion, and aerosol particles are deposited behind the nozzle 30 in a trap (not shown) due to centrifugal forces. If instead of fuel (and, of course, in the absence of an ignition system) a gas-liquid mixture enters the nozzle 1, and an aerosol enters the nozzle 4 from the outside, then this device allows you to constantly capture the smallest particles of the aerosol when they are constantly washed off (removed) from the walls of the trap ( similarly to figure 2 and 4). Highly dispersed gas-liquid flow coming from the nozzle 3, contributes to the best purification of gas from aerosol particles. Figure 4 shows the option when the Laval nozzle 2 has a separating dielectric insert 47, which allows you to bring to parts 45 and 46 various electrical signs from the outside. If the parts 45 and 46 are made of different metals, then they can be hermetically pressed into each other without insert 47 (in figure 4 this option is not shown). In all the drawings, if the nozzles are made of different metals, then they can be hermetically connected by pressing them into each other, or by welding, or welding with each other (this option is not shown in the drawings). The nozzles shown in all the drawings can be made in the form of bodies of revolution and can be made in the form of gap gas paths. In the latter case, all the drawings should be considered as projections of the nozzle section. This allows you to expand the design capabilities and scope of nozzles.

A variant is possible when the nozzles are made in the form of a projection on a plane. This option can be used as an internal insert in a known prototype, which expands the design capabilities of the nozzles. It is possible to use this option when this projection limits the gap path formed by it or in the gap nozzles plays the role of jumpers and bounding planes (this option is not considered due to obviousness of execution), which also extends the design capabilities of the nozzles and enhances the effects described above. In all the drawings, the nozzles can be equipped with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

The source of the torsion field 54, or the source of various frequencies 55, or the source of the magnetic field 56, or the source of laser radiation 57, or the source of plasma radiation 58 (conditionally open fire) and others allow a wide range of effects on gas-dynamic flows directly in the electric field in the nozzle. This allows you to make additional effects, which in some cases can have unpredictable consequences. Such nozzles can serve as a test bench for obtaining new types of artificial materials and giving them new properties, which will greatly expand the technological capabilities of processes and apparatuses of chemical technology.

It should be noted that the sources of physical impact shown in Fig. 4 are conditionally depicted, and their location, quantity and variety are dictated by certain technological or experimental conditions. The dimensions and geometry, as well as the materials of the separating dielectric inserts (47 and others) are determined by technological considerations. These inserts can be made of rubber or plexiglass, or ceramic, or made of other materials and their combinations, and also represent not only a part of the nozzle, but also a part of the nozzle, i.e. made in the form of several nozzles hermetically connected to each other, or in the form of a container 31. There are no special drawings with these options, because the configuration of the nozzles does not change, but only the material of which these parts of the nozzle are made changes. Moreover, it should be noted that the presence of a magnet 56 or a winding of an alternating magnet with predetermined frequency characteristics is also determined by the experimental conditions and the conditions of technological modes. Moreover, the supply of plus or minus to different nozzles or their parts and the magnitude of the electric fields can vary in time, in sign, in the nature of the pulse and other parameters. As for the nozzle shown in Fig. 3, it should be noted that the nozzles 3 and 4 with an unpressurized gap 44 between them can also be in the ejector pair without rotation around axis 38 (i.e., in stationary mode). Moreover, in all cases, a gas-dynamic flow from other chemical elements can be supplied to the inlet section 28, which expands the possibilities of synthesizing new chemical materials. The number of such ejector pairs is not limited. If fuel is supplied to the nozzle 22, and an oxidizing agent (or air) is supplied to the inlet section 28, then we will obtain a ramjet engine.

As the frame 39 and the axis 38, which are at the entrance to the nozzle 1 and which can be connected to a current source (Fig. 3), in the stationary version, frames 39 (either a grating or a sieve) can also be installed in the nozzle, also connected to the current source and the nozzles standing at the inlet are either 1, or 4, or 1 and 4 at the same time, which allows either saturating or depleting the gas-dynamic flow by electrons (depending on technological tasks).

If oil products or a mixture of natural gases are driven through nozzles 1, 2 and 3, etc. in the nozzle shown in figure 2, we can decompose the source material to the lightest fractions (up to the separation of carbon from hydrogen). This is possible due to the presence of vacuum zones in the nozzle (cavities 20, 21 and capacity 31) and electric fields with a supply in a gas-dynamic flow (gas mixture, aerosol or gas-liquid mixture). At the same time, due to the length of the separating dielectric inserts (47 and others), the magnitude and nature of the electric field, as well as the effect on the gas-dynamic flow in these areas by these or other physical fields, the physicochemical processes occurring in this flow can be regulated over a wide range. It is possible that in the nozzle shown in FIG. 2, nozzles 1, 2, 3 are made in the form of Laval nozzles, which are hermetically connected without the formation of cavities 20 and 21, and nozzles 30, 30a and 4, 4a are made in the form of nozzles 30 and 4, but with total flow sections, while nozzle 4 is made in the form of a Shesterenko nozzle (with a convex peak 33) or a Laval nozzle. Then the gas-dynamic flow in the nozzle can move in the opposite direction: from the Shesterenko ring nozzle 4 to the Laval nozzle 3 (this option is not shown in the drawings). Moreover, in this embodiment, the flow-determining nozzle can be either a Laval nozzle 30 or a Shesterenko (or Laval) nozzle 4.

All these factors dramatically expand the technological capabilities of processes and apparatuses of chemical technology.

The electric field in certain areas can give additional kinetic energy to the molecules of the gas-dynamic flow, and the increase in this energy, depending on the voltage, is much higher than that given by the usual pressure drop, which enhances the cracking effect.

Strengthening the kinetic characteristics of the gas-dynamic flow helps to increase the efficiency of aerosol technologies (sandblasting, crushing aerosol particles to prepare high-quality cement or gypsum) and to increase the efficiency of gas purification apparatus from aerosol particles, etc., where a high gas flow rate is required.

All this together creates a unique tool for creating new materials with properties that cannot be obtained using other methods and devices.

The technical effect is that due to electric fields, the effect of vacuum cracking and the trapping effect of various aerosols are enhanced.

The technical effect also lies in the fact that by increasing the cracking effect, the present invention can be successfully used in the field of gas-dispersing and gas-transporting devices, and can also be used as devices for transporting liquids (gas-liquid) through a pipeline.

The technical effect also lies in the fact that by expanding and improving technological capabilities, the scope of application is expanding (for example, the capture of bacteria and viruses for rapid analysis or ultra-efficient cleaning of gases and air).

Claims (10)

1. A nozzle containing nozzles hermetically connected to each other, with each nozzle having a critical cross section no less than a flow-determining nozzle, characterized in that at least once or nozzles, or part of the nozzle, is either made or made in the form or design of at least than from two different metals, either in the form of a cathode and anode connected to an electric source and separated by a dielectric, or in the form of both at the same time. 2. Nozzles according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a slotted path. 3. Nozzles according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles are made in the form of a projection on a plane. 4. Nozzles according to claim 3, characterized in that at least two nozzles limit the gap path formed by them. 5. Nozzles according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one nozzle according to claim 3 is installed in it. 6. Nozzles according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles are provided with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source. 7. Nozzles according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzles are equipped with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source. 8. Nozzles according to claim 3, characterized in that the nozzles are provided with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source. 9. Nozzles according to claim 4, characterized in that the nozzles are provided with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source. 10. Nozzles according to claim 5, characterized in that the nozzles are provided with at least one source of physical impact, and it is installed so that the area of the electric field is in the zone of influence of this source.

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