RU2353854C2 - Mechanical atomiser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: mechanical atomiser comprises a cylindrical body, a fuel swirler with spiral-like channels and service thread, a nozzle with its inner surface representing a continuously converging cone changing over into the cylinder, and a coupling nut. Note that the continuation of the said converging cone generating line makes a gap with the line passed parallel to it through the lower point of the nozzle cylindrical part.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and longer service life by keeping up preset rate of finely-dispersed fuel atomiser at minor pressure.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for injection and atomization of liquid and can be used in various heat engines, nozzle power plants, machines and apparatuses of the chemical industry.

Known mechanical nozzle containing a barrel for supplying fluid, a head with an outlet adjacent to the outlet end of the barrel, a swirl [A.I. Karabin and others. Burning liquid fuel. M .: Metallurgy, 1966. - P.116, Fig. 31].

A disadvantage of the known nozzle is the low efficiency due to the fact that an uneven spray pattern is formed at the outlet of the nozzle, resulting in a broken torch when burning liquid fuel, and when the liquid is supplied to evaporate, droplet droplets through the torch are observed.

Known mechanical nozzle containing a barrel for supplying fluid, a distribution washer with holes and an annular groove for distributing fuel through the tangential channels of the swirl chamber, a distribution washer, a swirl chamber disk, a nozzle disk and a union nut of the nozzle head [V. Adamov Burning fuel oil in boiler furnaces. - L .: Nedra, 1989. - S.115-117, Fig. 4.33].

A mechanical nozzle for spraying liquid fuel is also known, comprising a cylindrical body with a nozzle, the inner surface of which is made in the form of a continuously tapering cone, turning into a cylinder, an insert inside the body with a longitudinal channel for supplying liquid and connected to the latter communicating through the annular cavity in the insert with a fluid supply channel in the form of spiral grooves on the outer surface of the downstream section of the fluid outlet [EN 2011428 C1, 04/30/1994, B05B 1/34]

This nozzle also has low efficiency and insufficient operating life.

The closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a mechanical nozzle without a swirl chamber, containing a cylindrical body, a fuel swirl with spiral channels and a technological thread in it, a nozzle whose inner surface is made in the form of a continuously tapering cone passing into the cylinder, and union nut [SU 17561 A1, 09/30/1930, F23D 11/26 (prototype)].

However, the known device also has the above disadvantages.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and service life of the nozzle by maintaining a given speed of movement of finely divided liquid fuel at low pressure.

This task is achieved by the fact that in a mechanical nozzle containing a cylindrical body, a fuel swirl with spiral channels and a technological thread in it, a nozzle, the inner surface of which is made in the form of a continuously tapering cone passing into the cylinder, and also a union nut, according to the invention, the continuation of the generatrix continuously tapering nozzle cone is a gap between a line drawn parallel to it through the lower point of the cylindrical part of the nozzle.

The proposed design of the mechanical nozzle provides an intensive vortex flow of finely dispersed drops of liquid fuel through the nozzle to the outside, and the presence of a gap when directly supplying liquid fuel from the tangential channels to the walls of the conical wall of the nozzle creates the conditions necessary to increase the efficiency of the burner.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed technical solution differs in the execution of the nozzle in such a way that the continuation of the generatrix of the continuously tapering cone of the nozzle makes up the gap between the line drawn parallel to it through the lower point of the cylindrical part of the nozzle.

The scheme of the inventive nozzle is shown in the drawings. Figure 1 shows a mechanical nozzle; figure 2 - nozzle.

The nozzle consists of a housing 1, a swirl 2 with a technological thread, a nozzle 3 with a continuously tapering inner surface of the cone passing into the cylinder, a union nut 4. In the nozzle 3, the continuation of the generatrix of the continuously tapering nozzle cone makes a gap Δ between the line drawn parallel to it through the lower point cylindrical part of the nozzle.

The operation of the mechanical nozzle is as follows.

Sprayed liquid under pressure through the axial longitudinal channel enters the swirl, passing through the spiral tangential channels of swirl 2, the fluid unwinds and enters the inner walls of the conical part of the nozzle, spreads along it with a thin film, continuing rotation, rushes to the cylindrical part of the nozzle 3. In the absence of a turbulence chamber, the fluid velocity does not drop, and since the nozzle is conical in the initial part, the fluid velocity is even higher. The rotating liquid overcomes the tensile force of the film formed on the walls of the cone-shaped surface of the nozzle, at the cut of the cylindrical part of the nozzle 3, under the influence of internal hydromechanical forces, the fuel film is crushed into small droplet fractions and, in the form of fine droplets, is thrown into the preparation zone of the air-fuel mixture.

Example.

Mechanical nozzles for spraying liquid fuel were manufactured — oil boiler fuel (with a viscosity of 2-4 ° W) in the burners of small and medium-capacity boilers with a fuel pressure of 0.1 MPa or more. The casing and swirl are made of steel, and the nozzle is made of steel or bronze. The inner surface of the housing at the installation site of the swirl is processed with a roughness of Ra 0.32-0.08. The swirler is made in the form of a cylinder with tangential channels made in the form of a tape thread, at an angle of 10-80 ° to the central axis of the swirl. The number of tangential channels is from 2 to 6. The purity of processing the inner surface of the tape thread is Ra 0.32-0.08. The technological thread simplifies the swirl shot during disassembly of the nozzle. The angle of the conical part of the nozzle is 90-160 °. The purity of the treatment of the inner surface of the nozzle is Ra 0.32-0.08. The size of the gap between the continuation of the generatrix of the continuously tapering nozzle cone and the line drawn parallel to it through the lower point of the cylindrical part of the nozzle is Δ. The swirl and nozzle are pressed against the fuel line with a union nut.

The direct flow of liquid fuel from spiral tangential channels to the walls of the nozzle cone (due to the absence of a swirl chamber) contributes to the operation of the burner at low fuel pressures of 0.1 MPa with sufficient dispersion. The pressure of the air supplied to the nozzle is regulated depending on the type of boiler and the required flame length. The nozzles of the proposed design showed stable operation for four seasons, are technologically advanced in manufacturing and assembly / disassembly, and are convenient to maintain. If cleaning standard (factory) nozzles must be done once a shift, then the proposed nozzles - only once a week. It should also be noted the small clogging of the nozzle, since the cross section of the channels and the diameter of the nozzle are quite large.

The proposed design of a mechanical nozzle with a swirl without a swirl chamber contributes to an intensive vortex supply of liquid fuel to the walls of the cone-shaped part of the nozzle, and the constructive execution of the nozzle with a gap between the continuation of the generatrix of the continuously narrowing cone of the nozzle and the line drawn parallel to it through the lower point of the cylindrical part of the nozzle ensures efficient crushing liquid fuel during cross-collision of the fuel flows leaving the tangential channels at the exit of the nozzle. The conditions for efficient, stable and reliable operation of the nozzle are created.

Claims (1)

A mechanical nozzle comprising a cylindrical body, a fuel swirl with spiral channels and a technological thread in it, a nozzle, the inner surface of which is made in the form of a continuously tapering cone passing into the cylinder, as well as a union nut, characterized in that the continuation of the continuously tapering nozzle cone is the gap with a line drawn parallel to it through the lower point of the cylindrical part of the nozzle.

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