RU2350646C1 - Method for separation of stable fat emulsion of silicate soap stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes; food products.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to fat-and-oil industry. Method includes heating of soap stock, addition of electrolyte and demulsifier in it in process of mixing, separation of fat component, settling. When soap stock is heated up to 50-60°C, sodium chloride is introduced in it as electrolyte in amount of 2-6% from initial raw materials, as demulsifier - surface-active OP-7 in amount of 0.1-0.7% from initial raw materials, additionally mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols is introduced with the ratio of 2.5:1, in amount of 20-40% to mass of soap stock, and heating continues for 3-5 minutes.

EFFECT: more efficient separation of silicate soap stock fat emulsion and yield of fat component, intensification of separation process, reduction of power inputs.

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Description

The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to oil and fat, and can be used to separate the waste alkaline neutralization of vegetable oils - silicate soap stock.

A known method of separation of a stable fat emulsion soap stock under the action of sulfuric acid. According to this method, co-stock is diluted with water to 5-8% concentration, heated to 85-90 ° C and fed to a reactor with a stirrer, where sulfuric acid enters in excess of 5-10% of the theoretical amount. The process is carried out with constant stirring for 10 minutes Next, the mixture is fed into a separator column for phase separation, after which washing of soap fat from acid is carried out [USSR Author's Certificate No. 379608, С11В 13/02, 1971].

The disadvantage of this method is that when it is used to separate silicate soap stock, the resulting mixture becomes extremely stable, the fractionation of which is practically impossible.

The closest to the claimed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of decomposition of a stable fat emulsion, according to which the waste acid cleaning of fats and natural waxes is heated to 50-60 ° C, a powdery electrolyte in the amount of 0.5-3% of the original raw materials, 0.2-1% of the feedstock of the demulsifier - nonionic surfactant SP-10, preventing the adhesion of micelles, heat the mixture to 80-90 ° C while stirring, defend for 8 hours [Pat Ent 2052061 of the Russian Federation, B01D 17/04, C11B 13/00, 1993].

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of separation of the fatty components of soap stock, the long duration of separation, as well as high energy costs.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of separation of the fat emulsion of silicate soap stock and the output of the fat component of soap stock, the intensification of the separation process, reducing energy consumption.

The object of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of separation of a stable fat emulsion of silicate soap stock, including heating soap stock, adding electrolyte and demulsifier to it with stirring, isolation of the fat component, settling, it is new that when heating soap stock to 50-60 ° C sodium chloride is added to it as an electrolyte in an amount of 2-6% of the feedstock, as a demulsifier surfactant OP-7 in an amount of 0.1-0.7% of the feedstock, an additional mixture of isoamyl and Tilova alcohols in the ratio 2.5: 1, in an amount of 20-40% by weight of soapstock, heating was continued for another 3-5 minutes.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of separation of soap stock emulsion and the release of soap stock fat component, intensify the separation process, and reduce energy consumption.

The method is as follows.

The silicate soap stock fat emulsion is heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C with constant stirring, 2-6% of the feedstock of sodium chloride and 0.1-0.7% of the feedstock of nonionic surfactant OP-7 are added to it, a mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols taken in a ratio of 2.5: 1, in an amount of 20-40% of the feedstock and continue to heat for another 3-5 minutes. Then stop mixing and heating. The resulting mixture was left to stand at room temperature for 6 hours, resulting in the separation of a stable fatty emulsion of silicate soap stock.

Heating soapstock to 50-60 ° C contributes to the melting of the fat component of the emulsion, reducing the viscosity of the system, adding an electrolyte neutralizes the electrostatic potential of the double electric layer on the surface of soapstock micelles, introducing a demulsifier - nonionic surfactant reduces surface tension at the phase boundary, introducing a mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols allows to reduce the viscosity of the fat emulsion, promotes the displacement from the adsorption layer of emulsifiers present in soap stock, chrome addition, the additive of the last two components leads to an increase hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the system, which leads to rapid coagulation and destruction of a stable emulsion. Constant mechanical stirring helps to accelerate the separation of the aqueous and fat phases by increasing the kinetic energy of the micelles. Complete separation of the components is achieved after settling at room temperature for 6 hours.

The method of separation of a stable fat emulsion of silicate soap stock is implemented as follows.

Example 1. The fat emulsion of silicate soap stock in an amount of 100 g is heated to 60 ° C with stirring. Without stopping stirring, sodium chloride is introduced into the reactor in an amount of 4 g (4% of the feedstock), then 0.1 g (0.1% of the feedstock) of nonionic surfactant (OP-7) and 20 g (20% of feedstock) a mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols taken in a ratio of 2.5 ÷ 1 by weight. The resulting mixture was maintained at the indicated temperature and with constant stirring for 5 minutes. The stirrer is turned off, the heating of the reactor is stopped, the mixture is left for 6 hours to settle at room temperature. There is a clear separation of the layers. The oil and fat part collected in the upper layer makes up 87% of the content of fat components in the soap stock emulsion.

Example 2. The technology is similar to example 1, but sodium chloride is added to the stockstock in an amount of 6 g (6% of the feedstock) and 0.7 g (0.7% of the feedstock) of OP-7 surfactant, 40 g (40%) are added from feedstock) a mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols.

Example 3. The technology is similar to example 1, but sodium chloride is added to the stockstock in an amount of 6 g (6% of the feedstock) and 0.1 g (0.1% of the feedstock) of OP-7 surfactant, 30 g (30%) are added from feedstock) a mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols.

The results of the analyzes are presented in the table.

Table
Test results Indicators Example Analysis Data Prototype Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 The content of sodium chloride,% of feedstock 3 four 6 6 The content of nonionic surfactants,% of feedstock 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 The content of the mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols,% of feedstock twenty 40 thirty The maximum temperature of the process of separation of soap stock, ° C 90 60 60 60 The output of fatty components,% of feedstock 80 87 89 92

As can be seen from the table, the method of separation of the fatty emulsion of silicate soap stock, carried out by adding sodium chloride (2-6% of the feedstock), non-ionic surfactant OP-7 (0.1-0.7% of the feedstock) in the presence of a mixture of isoamyl and Isobutyl alcohols (20-40% of the feedstock), allows you to most effectively separate silicate emulsion soap stock. When making a mixture of higher alcohols below 20% by weight of soap stock, the separation efficiency of the soap stock emulsion is low, and adding above 40% leads to a reagent overrun and is not economically justified.

The proposed method for the separation of fatty emulsion of silicate soap stock allows

- increase the efficiency of the exit of the fat component from the waste of alkaline neutralization of oils by increasing the degree of separation;

- intensify the separation process;

- reduce energy consumption.

Claims (1)

A method of separating a stable fatty emulsion of silicate soap stock, including heating soap stock, adding an electrolyte and a demulsifier to it with stirring, isolating a fat component, settling, characterized in that when heating the soap stock to 50-60 ° C, sodium chloride is added as an electrolyte in an amount 2-6% of the feedstock, as a demulsifier of surfactant OP-7 in an amount of 0.1-0.7% of the feedstock, an additional mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols taken in a ratio of 2.5: 1, in an amount of 20- 40% by weight oapstoka and heating was continued for 3-5 min.