RU2350483C1 - Power plant cooling system radiator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: radiator consists of a horizontally positioned cylinder body with nipples for inlet and outlet of heat medium(a) being cooled with heat exchanger package(s) arranged along the body longitudinal axis to form distribution manifold(s). Each package is composed of horizontally positioned heat exchanger elements. Heat exchanger elements of each package adjoin each other, are interconnected with horizontal welds and (due to presence of spacer projections) provide for formation of external horizontal conduits enabling axial motion of the coolant air being circulated by the blower fan. Each heat exchanger element is hollow inside composed of two walls with spacer projections shaped as Archimedean spiral in cross-section. On two sides they are interconnected with circular welds so that to provide for formation of a radial-and-heliform conduit for the heat medium being cooled inside the intracavity. The intracavities of all the heliciform heat exchanger elements of all the packages communicate with the distribution manifolds.

EFFECT: enhanced heat efficiency, operational reliability and space effectiveness of the radiator enabling simultaneous cooling of one, two or multiple immiscible process medium(a).

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, specifically relates to cooling systems of power plants and is intended primarily for use in various vehicles, and can also be used for stationary thermal power plants.

To remove heat from power plants (internal and external combustion engines, etc.), as a rule, systems with cooling devices are used, the main part of which are radiators, in which the heat from the cooled working medium is removed by air pumped through a radiator installed behind it a fan.

The used radiators differ in purpose (for cooling water or antifreeze, oil, charge air), in geometric shape (square, rectangular, ring-shaped), in the type of heat exchange (heat dissipating) surfaces, in the number of cooling circuits. The most commonly used tubular-lamellar surfaces (for tractors, combines, tractors and heavy trucks), tubular-tape surfaces (for cars, light and medium trucks), etc. In this case, the frontal area of the radiator is in the form of a square or rectangle. In some cases, plate (including plate and tape) cooling surfaces are used.

In some power plants, combined (multi-circuit) cooling systems are used, in which, in addition to removing heat from the engine using circulating fluid (antifreeze or water), other working fluids are also cooled - engine oil, oil of aggregates and transmission units, control system oil, pressurization air. In this case, install several radiators or perform a radiator with several sections (separately for each cooled working environment).

The most common liquid engine cooling systems operating at a pressure in the circuit equal to atmospheric or slightly higher than it. In this case, the temperature of the liquid at the outlet of the engine is maintained at a level of 90-95 ° C. However, the use of fully sealed systems with a pressure of up to 0.2 MPa and a liquid temperature of up to 120 ° C is promising. In this case, the temperature difference between the liquid and air increases significantly and, accordingly, the specific heat removal from the heat-dissipating surface increases, due to which the overall dimensions and mass of the radiator can be significantly reduced.

Known are square and rectangular radiators with a tubular-lamellar and tubular-tape heat dissipating surface (Burkov V.V., Indeykin A.I. Automotive tractor radiators. Reference manual. - L .: Engineering, Leningrad Branch, 1978, p. 9, 36 )

The disadvantages of radiators of this type are as follows:

- with this form of the radiator, adverse conditions are created for blowing the heat-dissipating surface, since the area swept by the fan does not exceed 75-80% of its frontal area (Automobile engines, under the editorship of MS Hovakh - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1977, p. 538) ;

- the design of the heat-dissipating surface is not reliable enough due to the large volume of welded (soldered) joints of thin-walled elements;

- such a heat dissipating surface has insufficient static and dynamic strength, which prevents the widespread adoption of effective sealed cooling systems operating at elevated pressures;

- the fan guiding casing should be carried out with the transition from a round shape (on the side of the fan) to square or rectangular (at the point of its connection to the radiator).

Also known is the radiator of the cooling system of a power plant of a vehicle, the core (heat-dissipating surface) of which is formed by a series of rectangular cells with horizontal heat-exchange tubes. The inputs and outputs of each group of cells are interconnected by vertical pipes, and at the entrance to each cell there is a two-position valve, and at the output there is a check valve to turn off the cell when it fails (RU 2266827 C2, B60K 11/02). This design is characterized by all the disadvantages characteristic of square and rectangular radiators. In addition, such a radiator is complex and not sufficiently reliable due to the large number of detachable connections, taps and valves, which increases the likelihood of leaks of the cooled liquid through these connections.

Also known is a three-circuit block of radiators, consisting of three rectangular radiators, designed for cooling, respectively, power steering oil, engine oil and water, installed in series along the flow of cooling air (ibid., P. 8). The disadvantages of this design:

- difficulty in accessing the component parts of the unit during its maintenance;

- the difficulty of ensuring air density in the connections of the radiators to each other, and, as a consequence, the possibility of air leaks through these connections;

- increased block depth along the longitudinal axis due to the necessary gaps between the blocks;

- all the shortcomings of radiators associated with their rectangular shape.

A three-circuit radiator block is also known, consisting of three radiators designed to cool respectively charge air, oil and water and installed one after the other in series along the flow of cooling air, and to provide access to each of the radiators for the purpose of servicing and repairing oil and air radiators mounted on hinges with the possibility of rotation in different planes relative to the water radiator (SU 1509295 with ave. from 01/18/1988, B60K 11/04). The disadvantages of this design are:

- the difficulty of ensuring air density in the connections of the radiators to each other, and, as a result, the possibility of suction of air through these connections (which leads to overload of the fan and, as a result, to an increase in the power spent on its drive);

- increased block depth along the longitudinal axis due to the necessary gaps between the blocks;

- the complexity and increased mass of the radiator block due to the need to equip it with swivel joints, support rods, brackets, clips, detachable ducts and other elements necessary to enable rotation of the air and oil radiators when servicing the device;

- all the shortcomings of radiators associated with their rectangular shape.

Closest to the invention is a ring-shaped combined double-circuit radiator of the company "Autoküler-Hesselshaft" (Germany) selected as a prototype with a tubular-ribbon heat dissipating surface formed by tubes bent in the form of half rings fixed in the manifolds for supplying and discharging liquid (V. Burkov, Indeykin A.I. Automotive Tractor Radiators.Handbook. - L.: Mechanical Engineering. Leningrad Branch. 1978, p. 10). The disadvantage of this radiator is its low maintainability and the complexity of manufacturing technology associated with a large number of soldered seams and the fact that each tube has its own bending radius. In addition, in the process of work there is an uneven distribution of fluid in the tubes due to the different lengths of the tubes and, accordingly, their different hydraulic resistance.

The objective of the present invention is to increase thermal efficiency, operational reliability and compactness of the radiator while providing the possibility of cooling one, two or more immiscible working environments.

The problem is solved by creating a design of a radiator with a radially spiral heat dissipating surface.

In a radiator containing a horizontal cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging cooled coolants, along the longitudinal axis of which, successively along the flow of cooling air, one or more blocks of heat-exchange elements are installed with the formation of a peripheral annular and central cylindrical distribution manifolds;

each block is formed of horizontally mounted heat exchange elements, and the heat exchange elements of each block are adjacent to each other, are welded together by horizontal seams and, due to the presence of spacing protrusions, which simultaneously serve as heat transfer intensifiers, form external horizontal slotted channels for moving cooling air pumped by the fan in the axial direction ;

each heat-exchange element is made hollow and consists of two walls with spacing protrusions having a cross-sectional shape of an Archimedes spiral, welded together on two sides by ring-shaped seams and forming in the inner cavity a radial-spiral slotted channel for the cooled coolant, and the internal cavities of the spiral-shaped heat-exchange elements all units communicate with peripheral and central distribution manifolds;

the unit can be made single-pass (along all spiral-radial channels, the coolant moves in one direction: from the peripheral distribution manifold to the central distribution manifold with subsequent removal of the coolant from it into the cooling system) or two-way, in which, using partitions installed in the peripheral distribution manifold , the entire coolant is directed through a part of the radially spiral channels bounded by these partitions to the central distribution manifold a torus, from where, through the remaining radial-spiral channels, it returns to the peripheral distribution manifold and is removed from the apparatus;

with the help of additional partitions installed in the peripheral and central distribution manifolds, the radiator can be divided into separate sectors for cooling various coolants (for example, coolant and oil), and each sector is equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging the coolant cooled in this section;

when two or more blocks are installed in the radiator (two- or multi-row execution), vertical partitions are installed between adjacent blocks in the peripheral and central distribution manifolds, which divide the radiator into separate isolated cavities, the number of which is equal to the number of installed blocks, each cavity equipped with supply pipes and removal of the coolant cooled in this cavity.

In addition, with a two- or multi-row design of the radiator, each block can be formed of heat exchange elements with geometric characteristics that are optimal for this type of heat transfer medium (channel width, type and size of spacing protrusions).

The invention is illustrated below with specific examples of its use and the accompanying drawings:

figure 1 presents a General view of a single-row single-pass radiator;

figure 2 is a General view of a single-row two-way radiator;

figure 3 is a General view of a combined single-row two-way radiator (for cooling two coolants);

figure 4 is a General view of a combined double-row radiator (for cooling two coolants).

A single-row one-way radiator (Fig. 1) contains a horizontal cylindrical body 1 with nozzles for supplying 2 and removal 3 of the cooled coolant, along the longitudinal axis of which a block 4 of heat exchange elements is installed to form an annular peripheral distribution manifold 5 and a cylindrical central distribution manifold 6. Each block is formed of horizontally mounted heat exchange elements 7, the heat exchange elements adjacent to each other, welded together by horizontal welds E and form due to the presence of spacer protrusions outer horizontal slotted channels to move in the axial direction of the cooling air. Each heat-exchange element 7 is made hollow and consists of two walls with spacing protrusions having a cross-sectional shape of an Archimedes spiral, welded together on two sides by ring-shaped seams and forming in the inner cavity a radial-spiral slotted channel for the flow of the cooled coolant, and the internal cavities are spiral-shaped heat-exchange elements of all blocks communicate with peripheral 5 and central 6 distribution manifolds.

The single-row two-way radiator (Fig. 2) differs from the one-row single-pass radiator shown above in that the peripheral distribution manifold is divided by two baffles 8 and 9 into two cavities 10 and 11, the cavity 10 with a portion of the heat exchange elements 12 being provided with a nozzle 13 for supplying the heat carrier, and the cavity 11 communicates with another part of the heat exchange elements 14 and is provided with a nozzle 15 for removal of the coolant.

The combined single-row two-way radiator for cooling two immiscible coolants (Fig. 3) is equipped with partitions 17 and 18 in the peripheral distribution manifold and a partition 19 in the central distribution manifold, dividing the radiator into two isolated sectors - one for each coolant, and also partitions 20 and 21 , dividing each sector into two moves along the coolant, and each sector is equipped with its own supply pipes 22 and 23, as well as branch pipes 23 and 25 of the corresponding coolant.

The combined double-row radiator for cooling two heat carriers (FIG. 4), for example charge air and coolant, comprises two blocks 26 and 27 mounted along the axis of the housing 28 in series with the flow of cooling air. A vertical annular partition 31 is installed in the peripheral collector 29, and a vertical partition 32 is installed in the central collector 30, which divide each of the collectors into two isolated cavities, one for each block and, accordingly, for each coolant, each cavity of the peripheral collector is equipped with nozzles inlet 33 and 34 and outlet 35 and 36 of the respective coolants.

The proposed radiator works as follows.

With a single-row single-pass design (Fig. 1), the coolant to be cooled through the pipe 2 enters the peripheral collector 5, is pumped through the internal radial-spiral channels of the heat-exchange elements 7 to the central collector 6, giving off heat to the air that is pumped by the fan through the external horizontal slotted channels between the heat exchange elements 7, and then through the pipe 3 is removed from the apparatus into the system.

With a single-row two-way design of the radiator (Fig. 2), the coolant to be cooled through the pipe 13 enters the cavity 10 of the peripheral collector, separated by partitions 8 and 9, is pumped through the radial-spiral channels of the heat-exchange elements 12, enters the central manifold 16, from where it passes through the radial-spiral the channels of the heat exchange elements 14 enters the cavity 11 of the peripheral channel and then through the pipe 15 is displayed in the system.

If the radiator is designed to cool two immiscible coolants (figure 3), then each sector of the radiator due to the presence of partitions 17, 18 and 19 works independently with its own cooling system.

In a combined two-row radiator designed for cooling two heat carriers (Fig. 4), cooling air is pumped by a fan through external horizontal slotted channels sequentially through blocks 26 and 27, one of the heat carriers circulates through the internal radial-spiral channels of the heat exchange elements of block 26, and the second heat carrier - through the internal radial-spiral channels of the heat exchange elements of the block 27.

The present invention has the following advantages.

1. Due to the cylindrical shape of the radiator, the sweepability of the frontal area of the heat-dissipating surface is equal to or close to 100%, which ensures high thermal efficiency of cooling.

2. The high structural strength characteristic of radial-spiral heat exchange surfaces allows the use of such radiators in fully sealed cooling systems with increased pressure and temperature, and therefore with high temperature pressure, which reduces the required heat-exchange surface area, dimensions and weight of the apparatus.

3. It is possible to perform a combined radiator in which several immiscible working fluids are cooled: antifreeze, oils, charge air.

4. The design of the fan guiding casing is simplified and its connection with the radiator body is ensured, which eliminates air suction in the connector, and therefore reduces the energy consumption of the fan drive.

5. In one device, it is possible to cool both liquid heat carriers and charge air.

6. With a two- and multi-row design of such a radiator, each block can be formed of heat exchange elements with geometric characteristics that are optimal for a given type of heat transfer medium (channel width, type and size of spacing protrusions).

Claims (6)

1. The radiator of the cooling system of the power plant, comprising a horizontal cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and discharging one or more cooled coolants, along the longitudinal axis of which one or more blocks of heat-exchange elements are installed successively along the flow of cooling air to form a peripheral annular and central cylindrical distribution manifolds, each block is formed of horizontally mounted heat exchange elements, heat exchange elements to Each block is adjacent to each other, welded together by horizontal seams and, due to the presence of spacing protrusions, which simultaneously serve as heat transfer intensifiers, form external horizontal slotted channels for moving cooling air pumped by the fan in the axial direction, and each heat-exchange element is hollow and has two walls with spacing protrusions, having a cross-sectional shape of an Archimedes spiral, welded together on two sides of a stake ring-shaped seams and forming in the inner cavity a radial-spiral slotted channel for the cooled coolant, and the internal cavities of the spiral-shaped heat-exchange elements of all blocks communicate with the peripheral ring-shaped and central cylindrical distribution manifolds. 2. The radiator according to claim 1, in which the inlet of the cooled coolant is connected to a peripheral annular distribution manifold, and the outlet of the cooled coolant is connected to a central cylindrical distribution manifold. 3. The radiator according to claim 1, in which the peripheral annular distribution manifold is divided by two diametrically located partitions into two cavities, one of which is connected to the inlet of the cooled coolant, and the second cavity to the branch of the outlet of the cooled coolant. 4. The radiator according to claim 1, in which baffles are installed in the peripheral annular and central cylindrical distribution manifolds, dividing the radiator into two sections, the first of which is equipped with inlets for supplying and discharging one of the cooled coolants, and the second with nozzles for supplying and discharging the other cooled coolant . 5. The radiator according to claim 1, containing two or more blocks of heat-exchange elements, and in the peripheral annular and central cylindrical distribution manifolds between adjacent blocks, vertical partitions are installed dividing the radiator into separate isolated cavities, the number of which is equal to the number of installed blocks, and each cavity is equipped the inlet and outlet pipes of the coolant cooled in this cavity. 6. The radiator according to claim 1 or 5, in which each block is formed of heat exchange elements having geometric characteristics that are optimal for the coolant being cooled in it.

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