RU2349864C2 - Helmet-mounted surveillance system of passive objects ranging - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: helmet-mounted system of objects ranging is supplied with sliding telescopic directing, the translucent screen and two matrixes of charging communication for measurement of range to object. Photoreception platforms of matrixes are inclined at an angle of 90° to a line of vising "photodetector-object", and the translucent screen is executed with displaying possibility on it of the processed information on the purposes.

EFFECT: reduction of a way of a conclusion of the prospecting information from the device to visual bodies of the observer.

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Description

An analysis of modern local and counter-terrorism operations indicates the need to improve reconnaissance equipment, including artillery units.

Currently, LPR-1 laser reconnaissance device (1D13 quantum range finder) and PAB-2 periscope artillery gun are widely used for reconnaissance in artillery units. These devices are the main ones in the reconnaissance units of towed units and artillery reconnaissance groups or are used as devices of a remote (forward, side) observation post allocated from the mobile reconnaissance point of self-propelled artillery divisions.

Fighting in urban and mountainous conditions revealed a number of shortcomings of the LPR-1 laser reconnaissance device (1D13 quantum rangefinder):

- the active mode of operation unmasks the location of the device, since the enemy has systems for detecting and suppressing optoelectronic devices;

- the maximum range of the device (up to 20,000 m) in the conditions of the city (mountains) is not always used;

- the presence of a tripod restricts the movement of artillery scouts and increases the preparation time of the device for work, etc.

An analysis of the conditions of conducting artillery reconnaissance on maps shows that the line of sight for hilly and mid-terrain is on average 6 ... 7 and 3 ... 5 km, respectively. In mountainous and urban conditions, this range is much lower.

Based on these conditions, the small-sized reconnaissance equipment under development should allow determining the range:

- up to 6..7 km in the visible range;

- up to 5 km in the infrared range;

- up to 3 km in the UV range.

Currently, there are a large number of small-sized receivers operating in the optical range of electromagnetic waves, which can be used to determine the range. It is most effective to use combined charge communication devices (CCD). This will allow you to register radiation from the target and background immediately in several ranges of electromagnetic waves, as well as take into account the unmasking parameters of the target in different parts of the spectrum and in different conditions of the propagation of radiation (meteorological conditions for the passage of the signal, dust interference, etc.).

To use passive small-sized equipment, a stereoscopic (basic) range measurement method can be selected.

Vision with two eyes (stereoscopic vision) allows a person to measure distance in a passive way based on the stereoscopic basic method. The same method is the basis for the operation of optical rangefinders, for example, consisting of armaments as backups (remote, etc.). These are artillery stereoscopic rangefinders DSP-30 (base 0.3 m), DS-0.9, DS-1, DS-2 (base 0.9, 1.0 and 2.0 m, respectively) and anti-aircraft rangefinders of the type ZDN and etc. The base of devices is significantly increased in comparison with the base of the eyes.

The essence of distance measurement using optical rangefinders lies in the solution of the measuring triangle Δ 123 (figure 1). Figure 1 shows the stereoscopic basic method of measuring range. The distance D to object 1 is determined by the magnitude of the parallactic angle γ and the magnitude of the base of the device B, determined by the position of the receiving mirrors 2 and 3

In the device, the angle γ is determined based on the value of the linear parallax P, measured by the device as

where f is the focal length of the lenses of the device.

Values B and f are constant values for the device. Therefore, it is enough to measure P to calculate the distance to the object D.

A stereoscopic basic method for measuring range is proposed. This method is passive, that is, it does not unmask the measurement process, however, this method requires the use of bases more than 0.3 m. The larger the base, the higher the accuracy of the range change.

Using CCD allows solving spatial and temporal selection problems. A flat matrix is capable of detecting the movement of an object in two planes - “right-left” and “up-down”. However, it is obvious that the use of flat rulers and photodetector arrays, the plane of which is perpendicular to the line of observation, will not allow you to measure the distance to the object (target).

To measure range in a passive way based on a stereoscopic basic method for observing terrain and targets, a ruler or a mosaic receiver based on charge-coupled devices (CCD) can be used, the receiving sites of which are inclined at an angle of 90 ° to the observation line.

Such a slope of the receivers causes a new quality - obtaining a three-dimensional CCD matrix. Figure 2 shows a passive basic range measurement method with two CCD sensors for a biaxial receiver arrangement system.

The ranging using a mosaic of coherent CCD photodetectors also allows one to use the generated holograms that restore a three-dimensional image of objects, then compare them with a standard, which reduces the influence of interference (enemy masking tools).

As a photodetector (FPU), a CCD array can be selected.

Since the observation field of the FPU is divided into pixels, it follows from the laws of geometric optics and the physical characteristics of the pixels that each of them corresponds to a certain square of space and vice versa. The FPU discretizations in the form of CCD photosensitive elements and the projection of these elements on the terrain (pixel) should correspond at the maximum observation range with a minimum detection (recognition) element.

CCD arrays consist of a large number of photosensitive elements (hundreds of thousands of pixels) that convert light radiation into electrical signals. The latter using special devices are recorded or can be immediately transferred to the memory of the PC.

The position of each photosensitive element in the matrix is strictly defined. All of them have individual numbers, consisting of two parts. The first shows the pixel belonging to a certain horizontal line, the second - vertical. Therefore, each frame has a kind of coordinate grid that does not change during the transition from frame to frame provided that the device is rigidly fixed. This circumstance allows you to accurately determine the coordinates of a moving object when you "move" it from one pixel to another.

The larger the number of pixels, the higher the image quality. There are several recording formats that differ in the number of pixels in the raster. The main ones are VHS, S-VHS and Betacam formats. The first corresponds to 380,000 pixels, the second - 480000, the third - 564480. The aspect ratio of the frame for the first two is 4: 3, for the third - 16: 9.

Consider the requirements for the magnitude of the measured parallactic angle, based on the required range of the rangefinder up to 7000 m with the base B = 0.350 m (the distance between the photodetectors). The calculation results, according to dependence (1), are summarized in table 1.

Table 1
Range determination depending on parallactic angle γ γ D, m 1 ° twenty 0 ° 30 ' 40 0 ° 10 ' 120 0 ° 01 ' 1200 0 ° 00 '30 " 2400 0 ° 00 '10 " 7200

Thus, to determine the range with small-sized equipment from 20 m to 7000 m with a base between CCD receivers equal to 350 mm (taking into account the conditions of conducting artillery reconnaissance, where the line-of-sight range on maps is on average 6 ... 7 km), it is necessary to ensure the accuracy of determination a parallactic angle of about 10 arc seconds. This condition for modern technology is easily fulfilled.

General approach to instrument design. Based on the high dynamics of the battle, the device should:

- have a small mass to be easily transported, that is, to be small-sized;

- quickly be brought into a combat (working) state, that is, do not have massive tripods or other means of installation.

According to experts, the equipment of a soldier of the 21st century will become the crown of military-technical thought. Figure 3 shows a variant of the equipment of a soldier.

A helmet-mounted reconnaissance system for passive ranging of objects is proposed.

The objective of the invention is achieved by the fact that when observing (reconnaissance) targets (Fig. 2), a system of passive (secretive) ranging of objects (Figs. 3, 4, 5) is used, placed on a protective helmet (helmet) 4 of the observer, which reduces the output path intelligence information from the device to the visual organs of the observer.

Passive observation and ranging of objects is carried out on the basis of a stereoscopic basic method using two arrays of charge communication devices (CCD), photodetector sites 1 of which are inclined at an angle of 90 ° to the observation line.

The helmet-mounted object ranging system is equipped with telescopic sliding guides, a translucent screen and two charge communication matrices for measuring the distance to the object based on the stereoscopic basic method, while the photodetector pads of the matrices are inclined at an angle of 90 ° to the line of sight “photodetector-object”, and the translucent screen is made with the possibility of projecting on it processed information about the targets by overlaying them on a real image of the area.

The photodetector platforms are located on telescopic (sliding) rails 2 in the helmet mount device 3. Moving the photodetector devices provides covert observation and protection of the observer from fragments (bullets) when placed vertically from a trench-type shelter, and when the rails are horizontal, from a pole-type shelter.

Information about the terrain and targets in various ranges is analyzed in the processing device 5, transmitted to the design device 6. The image of the terrain and targets in various ranges, as well as the calculated range to targets 8, are projected onto translucent (liquid crystal) glasses (visor) 7 and superimposed on the real image of terrain 9 observed by the observer’s organs of vision.

Claims (1)

Helmet-based object ranging system, characterized in that it is equipped with sliding telescopic guides, a translucent screen and two arrays of charge communication devices (CCD) for measuring the distance to the object based on the stereoscopic basic method, while the photodetector sites of the CCD matrices are inclined at an angle of 90 ° to the line sighting "photodetector-object", and a translucent screen made with the possibility of projecting on it the processed information about the targets by overlaying them on a real image areas.

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