RU2349803C2 - Cageless taper-roller anti-friction thrust bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: cageless taper-roller anti-friction thrust bearing incorporates an unloaded and tight ring and taper rollers arranged there between to contact with raceways of the aforesaid rind with constant and equal rotation frequency. The roller axle bore houses a ball in contact with the race thrust side. The said ball rests upon the footstep bearing made up of a set of smaller-diameter balls. The aforesaid ball is locked by lock ring in the said bore. Tape rollers are arranged in two rows and in contact with the rings raceways and between themselves along three lines to form an integral enclosed circular set of rollers. Note here that the plane of linear contacts of one-row rollers passes, for example along the lengthwise axis of symmetry of the thrust bearing.

EFFECT: lower noise, faultless operation, higher load-bearing capacity, higher RPM, elimination of sliding friction between roller faces, ruling out skewing and jamming in reverse operation of bearing.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering and can be used in all industries.

Known roller bearings with cylindrical, tapered and spherical cones are designed to absorb large axial loads. They are made single and double. Bearings of this type consist of a massive, tight ring in contact with the rollers on two surfaces, and of a loose free ring. The rollers are evenly mounted in the slots of the massive separator.

Each of the known series of thrust bearings has their inherent disadvantages. Axial bearings with cylindrical rollers with a large axial load capacity allow a very low speed (up to 100 min ^-1 ) due to the sliding of the rollers relative to the raceways. The slip decreases when several short rollers are installed in the same row. Due to their alternation with longer rollers, uneven wear of the rings is eliminated.

Thrust bearings with tapered rollers have a large sliding friction between the ends of the rollers and the thrust sides of the rings. However, not all rollers are in contact with the thrust sides of the rings, and under the influence of large radial loads, which are components of the axial forces, the sides are chipped. Thrust bearings with tapered rollers allow a slightly higher rotational speed than thrust bearings with cylindrical rollers (v = 5 to 10 m / s).

Thrust bearings with spherical conic rollers at the permissible speed are at the level of double row spherical roller bearings.

However, in these bearings there is sliding friction at the ends of the rollers in contact with the collar of a tight ring, rolling friction with sliding of the rollers along the raceways and sliding of the rollers in contacts with the separator.

Known thrust bearings are mounted on the vertical and horizontal shafts of various machines, in swivels, rolling mills, dredges ...

Known thrust bearings of other types are not promising, as they do not allow an increase in speed.

A “pioneer” invention “Thrust roller bearing with conical rollers full complement” is being submitted for consideration.

The purpose of the invention:

- providing a higher bearing speed;

- increase of carrying capacity;

- noise reduction, for example, from 20 to 40 dB;

- eliminate sliding friction between the ends of the rollers and the thrust sides of the rings;

- eliminate distortions and jamming of rolling elements during reverse operation of the bearing with an increase in gaps in the seats of the separator (there is no separator);

- to ensure uniform load across all rolling elements of the bearing;

- increase the durability of the bearing, for example, from 3 to 5 years;

- to ensure trouble-free operation of the bearing and in the absence of lubrication, for example up to 600 min;

- fill the niche with another rolling bearing operating on pure rolling friction without slipping of the rolling bodies.

The goals and technical effect of the invention are achieved due to the fact that the conical rollers are arranged in two rows and come into contact with the raceways of the rings and between each other in three lines, forming a single closed annular set of rollers, while the plane of the linear contacts of the rollers of the same row with the second passes, for example, along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the thrust bearing.

Figure 1 shows the rolling bearing thrust with tapered rollers full complement. Figure 2 shows a view A of figure 1, which shows a scan of the position of the conical rollers 3 located between the raceways of rings 1 and 2. The direction of the perceived loads is axial in one direction.

The thrust roller bearing consists of a free ring 1, a tight ring 2, tapered rollers 3 arranged in two rows (with a staggered arrangement of 17 in each row, total rollers 34, as an example). The rollers 3 are contacted in three lines each, with a contact angle of 120 ° (see FIG. 2). The rollers 3 along their axis of rotation contain a ball 4, which is installed in the bore of the roller on the thrust bearing 5, the latter consists of a set of balls of smaller diameter (for example, 15 pieces up to 5 mm) and contains lubricant. Ball 4 is fixed in the bore with a locking ring 6, which is installed in the annular groove.

The rolling thrust bearing with tapered rollers full complement works as follows. When the rotation of the ring 2 (see figure 2), the rollers 3 receive rotation (for example, to the left), and the rollers 3 of the second row in contact with them rotate in the opposite direction and roll around the raceway of the stationary ring 1. The rollers 3 of the first row also roll without sliding along the raceways of the ring 2. The rollers of two rows participate simultaneously in two movements - rotation and movement along the ring 1 and 2. In this case, the radial load from the roller 3 is transferred to the ball 4, the latter is in contact with the collar of the ring and rotates around its own axis and tvuet figurative movement together with the roller on the circumference of the ring collar. It should be noted that the contact plane of one row of rollers with the second passes along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the thrust bearing. forming a single closed ring set of tapered rollers.

It is known that when superimposed oscillations in antiphase, noise cancels out. We get a noise reduction in the range of 20 ... 40 dB. The rollers 3 rotate at the same speed, but in opposite directions. The rollers of the first and second row rotate and move in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the ring 2 (see figure 2).

The rolling friction coefficient along the length of the conical roller is different. In order to reduce the rolling friction coefficient on the rollers 3, annular grooves are made (grooves, see FIG. 1), the latter are arranged, for example, with a logarithmic step.

When the ball 4 and balls of smaller diameter rotate in the thrust bearing 5, and the balls in the thrust bearing rotate at different frequencies, acoustic vibrations occur that reduce the coefficient of rolling friction in the roller 3. This decrease allows increasing the speed of the bearing, for example, to a speed of 25 m / with and more.

The great maestro Leonardo da Vinci was mistaken in proposing to introduce a cage into the bearing. The absence of a separator made it possible to eliminate sliding friction between the ends of the rollers and the thrust sides of the rings due to the introduction of a radial support and a thrust bearing. Contact on three lines permanently eliminated distortions and jamming of the rolling elements. The location and mutual contacts between the rollers provide a uniform load across all rolling elements.

On the rings 1 and 2, on the outside, three counterbores are made (see FIG. 1) for fixing the rings 1 and 2 from slipping during operation.

Due to the difference in tolerances for the manufacture of bearing parts before operation, the grinding operation of the rollers with raceways of the rings is carried out. After that, the noise during operation is reduced from 20 to 40 dB.

The absence of a separator eliminates vibration from the rotation of the latter and eliminates its sliding at points and planes of contact with moving parts.

The proposed thrust bearing can also work in reverse modes, since there is no cage, and the rollers are fixed. In general, a thrust bearing increases reliability and durability from 3 to 5 years by increasing the number of rollers by 80 ... 100%.

It is known that the crystal lattice of a metal is capable of being completed and restored. In the process of long work on the raceways of the rings, menisci appear in the places of the annular grooves on the rollers 3. In this case, the bearing will perform a “bass part”, the tonality will increase, which signals the operators - the raceways require polishing. Bearing durability increases to 10 years.

The rollers can be replaced with martensitic material.

There is another paradox. To overcome the static friction (f _S = 100 ... 1) when starting the bearing, it is necessary to add an additive to the oil - an abrasive (with corundum size from 5 to 10 microns) in order to increase the coefficient of adhesion of the rollers to each other and to the raceways. Otherwise, the bearing may “fall” into the sliding friction mode. The development of the Novosibirsk Academgorodok will be the best lubricant; the latter contains diamond embryos measuring 20 ... 30 Å. This is what you need for a thrust bearing before start-up and during operation - the latest advances in nanotechnology.

Silicon - an organic liquid (PMS-60000) with a Litol 24 or TAD-17 sublayer also has good properties as a lubricant.

It is known that from 30 to 40% of all technological disasters occur in rolling bearings (standard bearings). Over 10 years, 520 thousand people died in car accidents. And factories still produce bearings - machines - friction.

The best economic effect of the implementation will be reliability, trouble-free operation, longevity, increased payload by 20 ... 30% due to the increase in the number of working rollers in the bearing, with the same dimensions, and most importantly - the preservation of the lives of our Russian citizens.

These thrust bearings can be used on rolling mills, swivels, dredges, mills, concrete plants.

The bearing is capable of trouble-free operation without lubrication, for example up to 600 min.

The number of conical rollers in a thrust bearing at the same time increased from 80 to 100%.

Claims (1)

The thrust bearing with tapered rollers is non-separating, containing free and tight rings, rolling bodies located between them, made in the form of tapered rollers in contact with the raceways of free and tight rings with a constant and equal speed, and a ball is located in the bore of the roller, contacting with the stop side of the ring, the ball rests on a thrust bearing, which consists of a set of balls of smaller diameter, in the bore the ball is fixed by a locking ring, characterized in that the tapered rollers p They are arranged in two rows and come into contact with the raceways of the rings and between each other in three lines, forming a single closed annular set of rollers, while the plane of the linear contacts of the rollers of one row with the second passes, for example, along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the thrust bearing.

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