RU2349494C2 - Rudder propeller with electromagnetic shaftless propulsion device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipping building industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to shipping building industry and deals with building of ship propellers for spatial movement of objects on surface or inside fluid medium, and providing controllability of objects. Rudder propeller consists of a shaftless propeller-bladed propulsion device and rotary mechanism of blade rotation plane. The latter comprises two electric motors with built-in electromagnetic brakes and external gears which are engaged with a spiral cone-type wheel whereto there rigidly attached is supporting frame of electromagnetic propeller-bladed propulsion device, which at the same time serves as propeller shrouding. That electromagnetic propulsion device is three-phase and synchronous, and is excited from constant magnets located in propeller blades. The casing of electromagnetic propulsion device consists of interleaved ferromagnetic core of stator with three-phase winding. Interleaved ferromagnetic core of rotor with short-circuit starting winding is arranged along radial direction inside stator core at the distance of air gap therefrom.

EFFECT: invention simplifies rudder propeller design, reduces power required for its operation, and improves maneuverability of movement and economy of useful energy conversion.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the basic elements of marine equipment, namely, ship propulsion, and is intended for the spatial movement of objects of motion on the surface or inside a liquid medium while providing the ability to change the direction of such movement.

Known devices (catalog of Schottel GmbH & Co. KG. Schottel Transverse Thruster Mainzer Str. 99-D-56322 Spay / Germany e-mail: info@schottel.de.www.schottel.de.) (See Appendix 1), designed to move ships in the form of "Aquamaster" or "Schottel" propeller-driven columns, translating in arbitrary direction due to the energy of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine. The disadvantages of such devices are: low efficiency, the complexity of the mechanical gears involved in the process of energy transfer to the screw for rotation and rotation of its plane by a hydraulic drive, a very high level of vibration of the elements of the device itself and their transmission to the structural elements of the object of movement, low operational reliability.

Known devices (catalog of the company ABB Azimuthing Electric Propulsion Drive Azipod Oy Laivanrakentajantie 2, 00980 HELSINKI, Finland. Tel. + 35810222030) (see Appendix 2) of the type "Azipod", designed to move ships and change their direction of movement due to the use of electricity by two electric motors - the first, rotating the screw, and the second, turning the plane of its rotation by a certain angle. The disadvantage of such devices is significant weight and size indicators, on the one hand, due to the presence of a shaft between the first electric motor and the screw, which ensures the rotation of the latter, and, on the other hand, due to the complexity of the mechanical transmission of rotation from the remote second electric motor to the nacelle containing the first electric motor. These shortcomings lead not only to an increase in material costs for manufacturing, but also to a decrease in the efficiency of the propeller column.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of features is a helical column, known from patent US 2605606, published. 08/05/1952. It contains a rotary table with a rotor with a shaftless propeller in the form of blades and a mechanism for turning the plane of rotation of the blades. The latter contains an electric motor, on the shaft of which there is a gear gear meshed with the gear wheel.

The bed of the rotary table is rigidly attached to the wheel, which serves simultaneously as the guide nozzle of the screw and the housing in which the hollow rotor is located, containing the propeller blades inside.

The described design of the prototype contains the following disadvantages. The use of one electric motor in the rotation mechanism not only significantly reduces the reliability of operation due to increased loads on the parts of the transmission units, but also does not satisfy the requirements of the Maritime Register. In addition, the presence of a spur gear between the motor shaft and the rotary table in the absence of a braking device leads to instability of the position of the plane of rotation of the blades, and therefore to excessive yaw of the object of movement on the course. In addition to the described disadvantages, the absence of an excitation field from the side of the rotor with blades leads to additional energy consumption by the propulsion device from the power supply source and a decrease in the efficiency.

The aim of the invention are: improving the quality of the functional capabilities of the device and its speed, reducing the time of transient processes, increasing power factors and efficiency, reducing mechanical stresses on the working elements of the gear transmission.

The required technical result is achieved by the new claimed device of the following form: a helical column for spatial movement of an object of movement relative to a liquid medium and changing its direction of movement, containing a shaftless screw-blade propeller and a mechanism for rotating the plane of rotation of the blades, characterized in that the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the blades includes two electric motors with integrated electromagnetic brakes and external gears meshed with oblique with a bevel gear to which the bed of a screw-blade electromagnetic propulsion device is rigidly attached, serving simultaneously as a screw nozzle, moreover, this electromagnetic propulsion device is made three-phase synchronous with excitation from permanent magnets located in the propeller blades, while the housing of the electromagnetic propulsion device is made with a lined ferromagnetic stator core with a three-phase winding, and inside the stator core at a distance from it an air gap in the radial direction is Towa ferromagnetic rotor core starting with a short-circuited winding.

Distinctive features of the claimed invention from the prototype are:

1. introduction to the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the blades of two electric motors instead of one;

2. introduction to the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the blades in each of the electric motors built-in electromagnetic brakes;

3. replacement in the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the spur gears of the spur gears and wheels on helical gears;

4. the introduction into the blades of the propeller of permanent magnets of high coercive force from sintered powder materials with rare earth elements.

The introduction into the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the blades of two electric motors instead of one leads to a decrease in the load on the gear teeth of the gearing with the wheel, which increases the reliability of the mechanism.

At the same time, the distribution of one load on two gears of two electric motors, each of which is less than one replaceable in power, leads to an increase in speed and a reduction in the duration of transient processes (starting, braking, reverse) due to a decrease in the moments of inertia. Along with this, the requirements of the Maritime Register of Shipping are satisfied.

The introduction into the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the blades in each of the electric motors of built-in electromagnetic brakes increases the accuracy of fixing the position of the plane of rotation of the screw blades when it is rotated by a given angle and eliminates the cause of yaw of the object of movement.

Replacing in the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the spur gears of the gear and wheel gears on the helical gear makes the transmission self-braking, which increases the accuracy of fixing the position of the plane of rotation of the helical blades when the motors are turned off.

The introduction into the blades of the propeller of permanent magnets of high coercive force from sintered powder materials with rare earth elements creates a synchronous electric motor for the propeller or screw blades with excitation from permanent magnets. The latter eliminates the consumption of reactive power from the power supply system, creating a leading power factor and increasing the efficiency.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where figure 1 shows a schematic section of a device in the vertical plane of rotation of the screw blades, figure 2 is a section in a similar transverse plane.

According to the claims, in the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the blades 5 there are two electric motors 7 with integrated electromagnetic brakes.

The engines are rigidly attached to the housing 6, rigidly connected with the housing of the object of movement. On the shaft of these engines there are gears 9, which are meshed with one helical bevel gear 10. The frame of the propeller with the housing 1, which simultaneously serves as the screw guide, is rigidly attached to the wheel. The bed rests on a sliding bearing 8 and has the ability, thanks to helical gearing and electric motors, to rotate around a vertical axis, changing the position of the plane of rotation of the blades.

The electromagnetic mover is made in the form of a synchronous electric motor with excitation from permanent magnets located inside the blades 5 of the screw. The specified motor inside the bed has a lined ferromagnetic core 2 of the stator with a three-phase winding. Inside this core, in view of the sliding bearing 3, there is a lined core of the rotor 4 with a short-circuited starting winding. 2

The proposed throttle column operates as follows. At a certain position of the helical bevel wheel 10 (an analogue of the rudder blade on the ship) from the power source of the moving object, the propulsion motor 2, 4, 5 is launched and the movement of the moving object (vessel or device) is carried out.

If it is necessary to change the direction of movement of the object without turning off the propulsion motor, one or two simultaneously braked rotation motor 7 are turned on from the same source for a short time. This thereby changes the position of the plane of rotation of the screw blades by a predetermined angle and the direction of movement of the object of movement is changed.

According to the requirements of the Maritime Register, the number of electric motors 7 of the rotation mechanism must be at least two, provided that each of them provides rotation of the plane of rotation of the screw by a certain angle in a certain time. With large masses of moving objects and difficult sailing conditions (ice), the number of electric motors of the rotation mechanism is increased, always setting their even number, and several propeller-driven columns are also used on the same object of movement.

In dynamic operations of slowing down the speed of movement of an object or its inertia, the winding of the stator of the mover can serve as a source of electricity. This energy through a modern semiconductor controlled converter can be returned to the on-board electrical network of the object of motion. The aforementioned increases the efficiency of energy conversion at the object of motion and the efficiency of the propeller column.

The same controlled converter can, according to a certain law, change the frequency and supply voltage for the stator winding of the propulsion device, and thereby control the frequency of rotation of the screw blades, and hence the speed of movement of the object of movement.

In conclusion, it can be argued that the claimed device leads to an increase in the quality of functionality, for example, eliminating unnecessary yaw of a moving object on a course. The device has reduced mechanical loads on the working elements of the gear transmission, reduced transient times, increased speed, power factors and efficiency.

Claims (1)

A helical column for spatial movement of an object of motion relative to a liquid medium and changing its direction of movement, containing a shaftless screw-blade propeller and a mechanism for rotating the plane of rotation of the blades, characterized in that the mechanism of rotation of the plane of rotation of the blades includes two electric motors with built-in electromagnetic brakes and external gears meshed with a helical bevel wheel to which a bed of a rotor-blade electromagnet is rigidly attached of the propulsion device, which serves simultaneously as the guide nozzle of the screw, and this electromagnetic propulsion device is made three-phase synchronous with excitation from permanent magnets located in the propeller blades, while the housing of the electromagnetic propulsion device is made with a lined ferromagnetic stator core with a three-phase winding, and inside the stator core at a distance from it in the radial direction of the air gap, a lined ferromagnetic rotor core with a short-circuited starting winding is located.

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