RU2347942C1 - Power generating plant exploiting wind and solar power - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices using wind and solar power. A basement 1 accommodates fixed axle 2 representing a cylindrical pipe. Vertical shaft 3 represents a cylindrical pipe enveloping fixed axle 2 and is arranged coaxially with it. Blades 5 are fixed relative to balance beams 4 and feature aerodynamic profile directed towards the side of rotation and composed of a bulged 6 and flat 7 surfaces. The bulged surface represents a cylinder part with its axis perpendicular to the vertical shaft axis, while its flat surface runs parallel to the plane crossing the axis of symmetry of the fixed shaft, and comprises plates 8 with their planes parallel to the bases of the parts of cylinders 6 and perpendicular to the blade flat surfaces. Utmost plates 9 are flexible and feature bend 10 at the plates center directed towards the center. Note that the blades are composed of several parallel tiers separated by gaps 11. Generator rotor 12 and fixed stator 13 are fitted on the shaft. The upper part of the fixed shaft is provided with a fixed flat round section 15 whereon a sun battery is mounted.

EFFECT: power generating plant exploiting both wind and solar power, operating irrespective of wind direction, higher efficiency.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices using wind and solar energy, and can be used as a stand-alone power plant to meet their own needs for electric energy of individual consumers, as well as an additional source of energy in the overall power system.

Known power plant for the use of wind energy (AS No. 1307081, publ. 1987, Bull. No. 16), containing a rotating vertical shaft with blades placed on it in tiers.

A disadvantage of the known device is that for the normal operation of the installation it is necessary to adjust the position of the blades, focusing on the direction of the wind.

The closest and adopted for the prototype is a power plant for the use of wind energy, described in RF patent No. 2030777, IPC F03D 3/02, 7/06 "Wind turbine", publ. 03/10/95, Bull. Number 7.

The device comprises a vertical shaft located on the foundation with an electric generator consisting of a rotor and a stator, and rockers, on which the blades are mounted. During its operation, it is necessary to monitor the direction of the wind, and to generate electricity in the installation, a mechanism is used that rotates the blades in accordance with their position relative to the wind.

The known device has a relatively simple design in comparison with the analogue and can be used to convert blowing energy from different directions of the wind into electricity.

The disadvantages of the known power plant for the use of wind energy are that: a) when working in it, it is necessary to monitor the direction of the wind; b) in the mechanical system there are additional bonds that increase friction, which reduces its efficiency; c) the system is able to receive electricity only with a relatively high wind power; d) the installation does not provide for the possibility of using solar energy, which reduces its total power.

The aim of this invention is the creation of a power plant for the integrated use of wind and solar energy, working regardless of the direction of the wind, increasing its efficiency and wind sensitivity. In addition, an additional task solved by this invention is the elimination of unnecessary mechanical bonds in the structure and increase its reliability, as well as expanding the scope.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the known power plant for the use of wind energy, containing a vertical shaft located on the foundation with an electric generator consisting of a stator and a rotor, rocker arms on which the blades are mounted, according to the invention, a fixed axis is additionally mounted on the foundation, made in in the form of a cylindrical pipe, the vertical shaft is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe, covering the fixed axis, and is located coaxially with it, the blades are mounted motionless along wearing to the rocker arms and have an aerodynamic profile consisting of a convex and flat surface, the convex surface is oriented in the direction of rotation and is made as part of a cylinder whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the vertical shaft, the flat surface is parallel to the plane passing through the axis of symmetry of the fixed axis and the center line of the beam and contains plates whose planes are parallel to the bases of the parts of the cylinders and perpendicular to the flat surfaces of the blades, the extreme plates are flexible and have and b in the middle part the plates directed towards the center of the flat surface, wherein the blades consist of several layers of parallel, spaced, upper fixed axis provided with a fixed flat circular platform on which a solar battery.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the length of the plates decreases as they move away from the center of the flat surface.

In a technical solution, the orientation of the blades of adjacent tiers is multidirectional, one of the tiers is connected to the generator stator, and the other to the rotor, and the stator and rotor are movable.

In a technical solution, the plane of the site with solar panels is tilted toward the solstice.

In a variant of the technical solution, part of the cylinders of the blades is made hollow.

The presence in the well-known power plant for the use of wind energy of blades with an aerodynamic profile mounted motionless with respect to the rocker arms and consisting of cylinders convex in the form of parts and flat surfaces whose axes are perpendicular to the axis of the vertical shaft allows rotation of the movable shaft in a certain direction regardless of direction the wind.

Flat surfaces containing plates whose planes are parallel to the bases of the parts of the cylinders and perpendicular to the flat surface, provided that the extreme plates are flexible and have a bend in the middle of the plates directed towards the center of the flat surface, are necessary on the one hand to reduce resistance to movement when the blade moves towards the wind, and increase the windage in the case when the plane with the plates move in the wind.

The presence of a fixed flat round platform with a solar battery mounted on a fixed axis allows the use of solar energy in addition to wind.

The use of plates, the length of which decreases as they move away from the center of a flat surface, provides the best aerodynamic properties of the blade when it moves against the wind.

Omnidirectional rotation of adjacent tiers reduces the asymmetry of the load on the shaft and the fixed axis and allows increasing the sensitivity of the system with respect to wind force, since the movement of the generator rotor relative to the stator will be twice as high as with a fixed stator.

The slope of the site with solar panels towards the solstice increases their energy intensity.

The execution of the cylindrical part of the blades hollow reduces the material consumption of the product and reduces its weight and load on the shaft and bearings.

The invention is illustrated by 7 figures.

Figure 1 shows the design of the device (top view).

Figure 2 presents the installation when viewed from the side.

In Fig.3 there is a view of the blade when viewed from the side.

Figure 4 shows the position of the blades and plates in various wind directions.

Figure 5 gives an isometric view of the blade with plates of different lengths.

Figure 6 shows the construction of the axial part of the installation with a double rotation generator.

7, a circuit diagram of the installation is drawn.

The power plant for the use of wind energy and solar energy is made as follows.

On the foundation 1 (Fig.1, 2) is a fixed axis 1, made in the form of a cylindrical pipe. The vertical shaft 3 is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe, covering the fixed axis 2. The shaft 3 is located coaxially with the fixed axis 2. The arms 3 are rigidly attached in pairs and parallel to each other 4. The blades are rigidly attached to the ends of each pair of rockers 5. The blades have an aerodynamic profile consisting of a convex 6 and a flat surface 7. The convex surface 6 is oriented in the direction of rotation and is made as part of a cylinder. Part of the cylinder is a region of the cylinder cut off from it by a plane running parallel to its axis. The axes of the cylinder parts thus formed are parallel to the axis of the vertical shaft 3. The bases of the cylinder parts are perpendicular to the central axis of the half cylinders. The base of the half-cylinders have the form of segments of circles. The bases of the half-cylinders may also have the form of an ellipse divided along a major axis or a hyperbola cut off along a line running parallel to the imaginary axis. The flat surface 7 of the blade 5 is parallel to the plane passing through the axis of symmetry of the fixed axis 2 and the center line of the rocker arm 4. Plate 8 is rigidly attached to the flat surface 7, the planes of which are parallel to the bases of the parts of the cylinders 6 and perpendicular to the flat surfaces 7 of the blades 5. Extreme plates 9 of the blades 5 made flexible and have a bend 10 (figure 3, 4) in the middle of the plates. Bend 10 is directed toward the center of the flat surfaces, i.e. towards adjacent plates. In addition, the end plates have springing properties. In turn, the blades 5 consist of several parallel tiers separated by gaps 11. The vertical shaft 3 is articulated with the rotor 12 of the generator. The latter is located coaxially with the rigidly fixed stator 13. The shaft 3 is articulated with the fixed axis 2 using bearings 14 (figure 2). The upper part of the fixed axis 2 is provided with a fixed flat circular platform 15 on which a solar battery (not shown) is mounted.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the plane of the pad 15 is tilted toward the solstice (not shown).

In a variant of the technical solution, the cylindrical part of the blades has voids 16 filled with air (Fig. 3).

Depending on the direction of the wind blowing towards the flat surface of the blades, the extreme plates 9 are bent by the wind pressure either towards adjacent plates 8 (Fig. 4, a) (the wind blows towards the convex surface) or diverge to the sides (Fig. 4 , b) (the wind blows in the direction of the flat surface of 7 blades).

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the length of the plates 8 is reduced as they move away from the center of the flat surface 7 (Fig. 5).

In a variant of the technical solution, the orientation of the blades of adjacent tiers is multidirectional. The stator 13 and the rotor 12 are movable. One of the tiers is connected to the stator of the generator 13, and the other, an adjacent tier, is connected to the rotor 12 (Fig.6). The stator is rigidly articulated with a vertical shaft 3 of one tier and has an additional bearing 17 located between the fixed axis 2 and the stator. Between the rotor 12 and the axis 2 there are also additional bearings 17 '. The stator is also equipped with an annular three-phase or single-phase current collector 18 and contact brushes 19, rigidly fixed on the axis 2. The output ends (not marked) of the brushes pass inside the axis 2. The rotor 12 is rigidly coupled to the shaft of the second adjacent tier.

In a synchronous electric machine can be used a rotor with permanent magnets or a rotor with self-excitation (Fig.7).

Electrically, the generator 13 comprises a rectifier 20. The solar battery 21, the rectifier 13, the battery 22 and the voltage converter 23 are connected in parallel. Moreover, in the anode circuit connecting the solar battery to the rest of the circuit, a diode 24 is installed, which does not allow the passage of current from the network to the solar battery. The converter 23 is connected to a common power system.

A power plant for the use of wind energy and solar energy operates as follows.

Under the influence of the wind load, the blades 5 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6) will cause the shaft 3 to rotate in the direction of the convex surfaces 6. This is determined by the aerodynamic effect due to the fact that the relative speed of the air jets will be higher in the region of convexities 6 and less in areas of flat surfaces 7. This effect is maximally manifested in lateral, in relation to the blades, wind movement. When the blades move the convex side 6 towards the wind, the extreme flexible plates 9 will bend under its pressure towards the adjacent plates 8. In this case, the trailing edge of the blade will be narrowed (Fig. 4, a), which will lead to a decrease in the resulting drag. This effect will manifest itself to a greater extent, if the length of the plates will increase as they are located closer to the center of the flat surface 7 (Fig.6). When the blade moves in the wind, it will be oriented with its trailing edge, i.e. the wind will blow towards the flat surface 7. In this case, the flexible plates 9 under the pressure of the wind will diverge to the sides (Fig. 4, b), increasing the sail windage. Thus, as a result, due to the aerodynamic effect, there will be a constant component of the force directed towards the orientation of the convex parts of the plates. When the blades move towards the wind, the resistance to movement will be reduced, and when the blades move in the wind, the driving force will be increased. This will lead to the fact that regardless of the direction of the wind, the entire tier will perform unidirectional rotation. The division of the installation into tiers is justified by the effect of changing the profile of the blade when moving against the wind or towards the wind.

Multidirectional movement of the tiers, in which one of the tiers is connected to the stator 13 of the generator, and the second adjacent tier with its rotor 12 (Fig.6) will lead to a double increase in the speed of rotation of the rotor relative to the stator. Moreover, with the same wind force, the voltage of the generator will be twice as much as in the case when one of the parts of the generator is stationary. This increases the sensitivity of the system in relation to wind power.

The implementation of the cylindrical part of the blades hollow (figure 3) reduces the material consumption of the installation and reduces its weight and load on the shaft and bearings.

The presence of the site 15 (figure 2) with solar panels increases the energy capacity of the system as a whole. If you tilt this area towards the solstice, then a double effect is achieved. On the one hand, the energy capacity of the solar battery increases, on the other hand, the slope of the site will increase the wind pressure acting on the blades of the wind generator. This is due to the fact that usually the maximum wind rose vector is directed from the poles of the globe.

The common advantage of the system is its simplicity of design, the absence of additional mechanical connections and relatively low weight. All this will ultimately lead to increased efficiency and efficiency of the proposed installation.

Claims (5)

1. Power plant for the use of wind and solar energy, containing a vertical shaft located on the foundation with an electric generator consisting of a stator and rotor, and rockers, on which the blades are installed, characterized in that the fixed axis is additionally mounted on the foundation, made in the form of a cylindrical pipe , the vertical shaft is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe, covering the fixed axis, and located coaxially with it, the blades are fixed in relation to the rocker arms and have an aerodynamic The profile consists of a convex and flat surface, the convex surface is oriented in the direction of rotation and made in the form of a part of the cylinder, which is the region of the cylinder cut off from it by a plane running parallel to its axis, the axis of the cylinder is perpendicular to the axis of the vertical shaft, the flat surface is parallel to the plane, passing through the axis of symmetry of the fixed axis and the center line of the beam, and contains plates whose planes are parallel to the bases of the parts of the cylinders and perpendicular to the plane ited blades, end plates are flexible and have a bending in the middle of the plates directed towards the center of the flat surface, wherein the blades consist of several layers of parallel, spaced, upper fixed axis provided with a fixed flat circular platform on which a solar battery. 2. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the tiers is connected to the stator, and the other to the rotor, and the stator and rotor are movable. 3. Power plant according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the length of the plates decreases as they move away from the center of the flat surface. 4. Power plant according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the cylindrical part of the blades is made hollow. 5. Power plant according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the plane of the site with solar panels is tilted towards the solstice.

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