RU2347698C1 - Device for pulsed feed of sand under locomotive wheels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway transportation, in particular, to means of increasing the factor of adhesion between the wheels and rails, representing the devices for pulsed feed of sand under locomotive wheels. The proposed device contains the wheels spin pickup, sand nozzle, outlet branch pipes connected with the nozzles directed to the wheel-to-rail contact zones. The first inlet branch pipe is connected to the sand bin, its second inlet branch pipe is connected to the locomotive pneumatic circuit by means of the electro pneumatic valve with its electric coil connected to power supplies of locomotive control circuits with the help of a gate element with its input connected to the pulse generator output. The said generator cut-in/cut-out inputs are connected to the output of excessive wheels spin pickup and the operator control panel. The proposed device includes additionally the locomotive speed pickup with its output connected to the input of the unit controlling the factor of filling of a pulsed cycle of the generator of impulses controlling the gate element. The locomotive speed pickup represents the pickup of electric voltage at the traction motor armature winding voltage, the said motor shaft being connected to appropriate wheel pair of the locomotive running gear.

EFFECT: higher adhesion factor, reduced consumption of sand.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rail transport, and in particular to devices for pulsed sand feeding under the wheels of locomotives (electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, motor cars), which is widely used in the practice of operating rail vehicles to increase the coefficient of adhesion of wheels to rails. All locomotives and motor cars of railway and industrial vehicles are equipped with sand supply devices.

A device for a pulsed sand supply under the wheels of a locomotive, comprising a boxing sensor - a skid plate and a sand nozzle that generates a sand-air mixture and its direction under the wheels of a locomotive, moreover, to control this nozzle an electro-pneumatic valve is provided, the electric inclusion coil of which is connected to the power source of the control circuits of the locomotive by means of a key element connected by its control input to a voltage pulse generator [1]. Such devices are used on most modern locomotives, and the frequency of the pulse generator is usually 0.5-0.6 Hz (period T = 2-1.66 sec) with a constant duty cycle γ, equal to 0.3-0.4, those. with a voltage pulse duration τ _and equal to 0.6-0.7 sec (γ = τ _and / T).

As a prototype of the proposed invention, it is advisable to adopt a device for pulsed sand feeding under the wheels of a locomotive, comprising a sensor for excessive slippage of the wheels relative to the rails and a sand nozzle, the outlet nozzles of which are connected to nozzles directed into the zones of contact of the wheels with the rails, its first input nozzle is connected to the sand hopper , its second inlet pipe is connected to the pneumatic line of the locomotive by means of an electro-pneumatic valve, the electric coil of which is connected to the source the power supply source of the locomotive control circuits by means of a key element, the control input of which is connected to the output of the pulse generator, and the input on-off control of the specified generator is connected to the output of the wheel slip relay relay [2].

The disadvantage of the prototype is associated with the complexity of its adjustment in real operating conditions, since with constant parameters of the pulse cycle of the nozzle control we have excessive sand supply when starting the train and low speed and insufficient sand supply at speeds of more than 40 km / h. In addition, this prototype does not take into account the influence of external factors on the adhesion of the wheel to the rail (outdoor temperature, humidity, rail pollution, etc.). This causes a decrease in the realized values of the coefficient of adhesion, an overspending of sand on the traction arm of the locomotive and an increase in energy consumption for traction of trains due to the fact that excessive supply of sand increases the main resistance to movement.

The purpose of this proposal is to eliminate the specified disadvantages of the prototype by changing the pulse duration of the output voltage of the pulse generator depending on the speed and external factors affecting the adhesion coefficient, which is especially important for operated and promising electric and diesel locomotives with increased axle power.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that an additional locomotive speed sensor is provided, the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of controlling the duty cycle of the pulse cycle of the pulse generator, and the other input of the pulse generator is connected to the control panel of the driver.

An additional objective of the proposed invention is to simplify the device. This goal is achieved due to the fact that a voltage sensor connected to the anchor winding of the traction electric motor, the shaft of which is connected to the wheel pair of the corresponding wheel-motor block of the locomotive, is used as a locomotive speed sensor.

The essence of the proposed technical solution according to the claimed invention is explained below on a specific implementation example.

The proposed device (figure 1) implements the optimal flow of sand into the contact zone 1 "wheel 2 - rail 3". The sand-air mixture jet 4 is fed into zone 1 by means of a nozzle 5 mounted on the outlet nozzle 6 of the sand nozzle 7. Its main inlet 8 serves to feed the sand nozzle by gravity from the hopper 9. Sand is periodically poured into it when equipping the locomotive in the depot through the filling hatch 10.

Pneumatic tube 11 at the inlet of the nozzle 7 by means of an electro-pneumatic valve EPV 12 is connected to the pressure air line 13 of the locomotive. The standard EPI [3] contains an electromagnet, the coil of which is connected to the output of the key 14, one of the inputs of which is connected to the output of the pulse generator ГИ 15 (pulse-width modulator PWM) [4], and the other input is to the power supply of the locomotive control circuits (electric locomotives +50 V, diesel locomotives +110 V). In this example, a transistor is used as a key element 14 operating in an on-off mode.

The input 16 ГИ 15 is connected to the output of the sensor of excessive slippage of the wheels of DIPK 17. As the DIPK, the simplest sensor of the on-off relay type is used. The input 18 of the GUI 15 is connected to the output of the speed sensor 19 of the locomotive ДС, and the input 20 is connected with the ГИ output of the control panel of the operator ПУМ 21. As the DS, a pulse sensor of the rotational speed n of the wheel pair 2 can be used.

To simplify the invention, it is proposed to perform it as a voltage sensor DN 20, the input of which is connected to the armature winding 23 of the traction motor TED 22 (see also figure 2).

The proposed device operates as follows (figure 3). In the absence of excessive wheel slippage, a zero signal is present at the output of DIPK 17, and the ГИ 15 generates a constant negative voltage of -15 V, supporting the FE 14 in the off state. At the same time, the sand supply does not work. When excessive slippage occurs (the initial phase of slipping or skidding of wheels 2), DIPK 17 is triggered (Fig. 3a) and turns on the GI 15 with its single output signal. This moment in Fig. 3 is indicated by time t ₁ . Under conditions of normal adhesion of the wheel to the rail, the GI generates (Fig.3b) bipolar pulses of constant frequency with a period of T = 1.3 sec with a voltage pulse duration of τ _and . The duty cycle γ is automatically adjusted as a function of the locomotive speed signal υ. The dependence γ (υ) is given in figure 4. On figv shows a voltage diagram U _EPV at the output of the CE 14 and, respectively, at the input of the coil EPV 12.

If there is a voltage of +50 V on the EPV coil 12, compressed air is supplied through the nozzle 12 to the nozzle 7 and the latter feeds the sand-air mixture 4 through the nozzle 6 and the nozzle 5 into the contact zone 1 "wheel 2 - rail 3". To eliminate excessive slippage and relieve stress from EPV 12, the sand supply is stopped.

In bad conditions wheels engaging the rail from the control PIP operator enters the signal at input 20 GI 15 which generates pulses of constant frequency with a period T = 1.8 sec, increasing the pulse duration τ _and peskopodachi and intensity.

The dependence γ (υ) in Fig. 4 is established empirically and verified experimentally. It corresponds to the modern theory of wheel-rail adhesion [5, 6, 7]. During its execution, optimal conditions for the implementation of the maximum possible values of the coefficient of adhesion are provided.

The effectiveness of this invention is obtained by increasing the coefficient of adhesion and, accordingly, the maximum realized values of the traction and braking forces of the locomotive by 15-22% while reducing sand consumption by 1.4-1.8 times and reducing the contamination of the ballast of the track. This is especially important, since all locomotive and motor-car depots have special compartments for sifting, drying (roasting) sand and filling into the hopper of the traction rolling stock. The consumption of sand by an electric locomotive is on average 4-20 kg per kilometer of track.

Information sources

1. Bocharov V.I. and others. "Main electric locomotives." M., Energoatomizdat, 1994, pp. 316-324.

2. Tushkanov B.A., Pushkarev N.G. and others. "Electric locomotive VL85." M., Transport, 1992, pp. 227, 260-261.

3. Marchenko B.C. and others. "Electrical equipment of diesel locomotives", Moscow, ICC "Akademkniga", 2003, pp. 142-145, Fig. 92.

4. Tikhmenev B.N., Trakhtman L.M. "Rolling stock of electrified railways", Moscow, Transport, 1980, pp. 413-415, Fig. 401.

5. Golubenko A.L. “Wheel-rail grip”, Kiev, 1993, section 6.4.

6. Isaev I.P. "Random factors and coefficient of adhesion", M., Transport, 1970, section 2.

7. Kamenev N.N. "The effective use of sand for traction trains", Proceedings of the Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways, issue 366, M., Transport, 1968.

Claims (2)

1. A device for pulsed sand feeding under the wheels of a locomotive, comprising a sensor for excessive wheel slippage relative to the rails and a sand nozzle, the outlet nozzles of which are connected to nozzles directed to the contact zones of the wheels with the rails, its first inlet nozzle is connected to the sand hopper, its second inlet nozzle connected to the pneumatic line of the locomotive by means of an electro-pneumatic valve, the electric coil of which is connected to the power source of the control circuits of the locomotive by means of a key element, the control input of which is connected to the output of the pulse generator, and its on-off inputs are connected to the driver’s control panel and the output of the wheel excess slip sensor, characterized in that the locomotive’s speed sensor is additionally provided and the output of this sensor is connected to the fill factor control input pulse cycle of the pulse generator control the key element. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage sensor on the anchor winding of the traction electric motor, the shaft of which is connected to the wheelset of the corresponding wheel-motor block of the locomotive, is used as a locomotive speed sensor.

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